UMary Allen
Izinja ziphelezele abantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ngesinye isikhathi, abantu baqala ukuzalanisa izinja. Ngalokhu, okhokho bethu babefuna ukugcizelela ukuziphatha okukhethekile kanye nokubukeka kwezinhlobo zomuntu ngamunye.
Lokho kwaba ukuqala kokuzalanisa kwesimanjemanje. Namuhla kunenani elimangalisayo lezinhlobo zezinja emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa zingaki sezizonke?
Zingaki izinhlobo zezinja ezikhona emhlabeni?
Ngokwenhlangano enkulu yabafuyi bezinja, kunezinhlobo zezinja ezingama-369 ezaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Izinhlobo zezinja ezingama-355 ekugcineni zibonwa yizinhlangano. Imithetho yesikhashana iyasebenza ezinhlotsheni zezinja ezisele. Ukuqashelwa kokugcina ngokuvamile kuwumkhuba nje.
Sizongena emithonjeni yamakilabhu nezinhlangano ezizalanisa ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sifinyelele kulokho, ake sibuyele emuva sibheke okwedlule.
Ngoba umhlaba wawungahlukani ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokucace kangaka waba izinhlobo ezinjengama- golden retriever, ama-dachshund, abelusi baseJalimane, ama-bulldog, ama-poodle, noma ama-dachshund.
Indlela esuka kwimpisi iye kwezinja zozalo
Impisi nomuntu bahlala isikhathi eside. Ngesinye isikhathi, baqala ukufuna ukusondelana. Okwamanje bekungakacaci ukuthi ngubani owenze lokhu. Nokho, ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi impisi yasondela kumuntu.
Ekugcineni, izilwane zathambisa. Baqala ukujwayela umphakathi wesintu. Basala. Ngakho babefuywa. Lapho inja yasekhaya yokuqala yavela khona akubhaliwe futhi kuze kube manje akukacaci.
Ukusuka eMpumalanga Asia ukuya emhlabeni
Kukholakala ukuthi inja yasekhaya yadabuka eMpumalanga Asia. Kuthiwa zisuka lapho izinja sezisakazekele e-Europe. Bese kuthi-ke eMelika.
ENyakatho Melika, izinja kungenzeka bezizingela eduze nabantu. Ngokufanayo eYurophu naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Okungenani yilokho okushiwo imidwebo yodonga, kanye nemiqulu emidala.
Namuhla, izinja ezifuywayo zithandwa eYurophu naseMelika. Futhi wena konakalisa kubo. Ubunikazi bezinja abusandile kangako e-Asia. Ngeshwa, izinja zibhekwa njengento ekhethekile yokupheka ezingxenyeni zase-Asia. Noma bahlala benganakiwe emigwaqweni.
Umuntu uqala ukuzalanisa izinja
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenja eGibhithe kwakuhluke kakhulu. Lapha inja yayingcwele. Abanye abangane abanemilenze emine babeze babe nezabo izinceku. Baphiwa ukudla okuphambili kuphela.
Ngoba izinja zazingabavikeli bakaFaro. Bammbela nenkosikazi yakhe. Lezi zilwane ziye zavela ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele kuzo zonke ezinye izinja ezifuywayo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu baqala ukuzalanisa abangani abanemilenze emine abanezici ezikhethekile. Ngakho ubufuna ukuzuza ifa izici ezikhethekile zomlingiswa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kwabangela izinhlobo zezinja zanamuhla.
Bonke banokubukeka okungafani nezici zobuntu. Futhi benza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.
Kusukela ezinjeni zokuzingela kuya ezinjeni zesimanje
Ekuqaleni, izinja zokuzingela kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo zazibalulekile. Basiza abantu ukuzingela. Kamuva, lapho umuntu ehlala engenzi lutho, wayedinga izinja ezigadayo.
Wafuya izinja ezelusa izinkomo. Izinja zamathanga zafika kamuva. I-Chihuahua ihlukile. Ibhekwa njengohlobo oludala kakhulu futhi oluncane kakhulu lwenja.
Ukuzalaniswa kwezinja zesimanje kwaqala phakathi nekhulu le-19. Amazwe anezimboni athuthuke kakhulu ayengamavulandlela. Ngoba lapha, ngenxa yocwaningo lukaDarwin kanye nemithetho kaMendel, abantu babazi ngemithetho yefa.
Abafuyi bokuqala basebenzisa lolu lwazi ngendlela efanele. Futhi ngakho bazuza izici ezithile.
Yiziphi izindinganiso zezinja zozalo?
Kwavela izinja ezinokubukeka okufanayo kanye nezici zomlingiswa ezifanayo. Le nqubekelaphambili yokuzalanisa yaqoshwa ezincwadini ze-stud.
Kwamiswa izindinganiso zokuzalanisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinja ezifuywayo zithole izizukulwane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlangano zesambulela ze-cynological zavela kulokhu.
Igama elithi cynology lisho ucwaningo lwezinhlobo zezinja kanye nokuzalaniswa kwezinja zasekhaya. Leli gama lakhiwe nge-Kyon, igama lesiGreki elisho inja, kanye nesijobelelo esithi logie.
Isihloko sochwepheshe asivikelekile. Emhlabeni jikelele kunesikhungo esisodwa kuphela socwaningo lwesayensi lwe-cynology eVienna. I-Canine Science iya ngokuya isetshenziswa esikhundleni se-cynology.
Namuhla, inja yozalo iyinja efuywa ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zohlobo. Lokhu kuzalanisa kufanele kuhambisane neziqondiso zenhlangano yesambulela ye-cynological. Ezizukulwaneni ezimbalwa zezinja, inja kufanele ivele ohlotsheni olufanayo lwenja. Ubufakazi bobuzali kumele bubekhona.
Izinhlangano ezizalanisayo zizibophezele ekwenzeni ngcono kanye nokugcina uhlobo oluthile. Uzibekele umgomo wokuzalanisa. Le kilabhu igcina incwadi ye-stud nozalo. Kanye nokusebenza kwezilwane ngazinye.
Izinhlangano zesambulela ze-cynological
Inhlangano yesambulela ye-cynological iphakeme kunezinhlangano zokuzalanisa. Izinhlangano zokuzalanisa ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni yilezi:
- I-Federation Cynologique Internationale (FCI)
- I-British The Kennel Club (KC)
- I-American Kennel Club (AKC)
- I-Canadian Kennel Club (CKC)
Lezi zinhlangano ziqaphela ngokulinganayo izinhlobo zezinja ngazinye. Futhi basebenza ndawonye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenhlangano yesambulela yesifunda emazweni amaningi.
EJalimane, lena yi-Association for German Dogs (VDH). E-Austria, yi-Austrian Kennel Club (ÖKV). Futhi eSwitzerland, ibizwa ngokuthi i-Swiss Cynological Society (SKG).
Ngokusho kwe-FCI, izinja zozalo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ayi-10
Namuhla kunezinhlobo zezinja ezingaba ngu-370 ezibhalisiwe neziqashelwayo. Ngokusho kwe-FCI, lezi zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ayishumi:
Iqembu 1: Ukwelusa Nezinja Zezinkomo
Lezi zinhlobo zezinja bezilokhu zihloselwe ukwelusa imfuyo. Noma ukubashayela. Basebenza eduze nabantu. Futhi banake kakhulu. Umzwelo wabo wemvelo wokuzingela uthuthukiswe kancane. Umsuka wabo uhluke kakhulu.
Iqembu lesi-2: I-Pinscher, i-Schnauzer, i-Molosser ne-Swiss Mountain Dogs
Umsebenzi waleli qembu kwakuwukuqapha indlu negceke. Banomzwelo oqinile wokuzivikela.
Ama-pincher nama-Schnauzers nawo angabazingeli bamagundane namagundane. Ama-molosser kanye nezinja zasezintabeni nazo zisetshenziswa njengezinja ezisebenzayo.
Iqembu lesi-3: Ama-Terriers
Ama-terriers abelokhu ezingela izinja. Ama-terriers amancane ayengamapayipi ophayi. Abazingeli abakhulu bempungushe namathafa. Kodwa akhona futhi ama-terriers ayesetshenziselwa ukuzingela izilwane ezidla ezinye, njengamabhere.
Iqembu lesi-4: Ama-dachshunds
Baziwa ngokuthi ama-dachshunds noma ama-dachshunds. Futhi uyazithanda lezi zinja ezincane zokuzingela. Zizingela izilwane ezihlala emigodini.
Iqembu 5: I-Spitz kanye nezinja zohlobo lwakudala
Kukhona i-lace evela e-Asia. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izinhlobo zivela eYurophu. Izinja zohlobo lwangempela ziye zahlala zizimele kakhulu futhi zangempela kuze kube yilolu suku.
Zonke zazisetshenziselwa ukuzingela. Balandelela umdlalo ngamathrekhi abo. Izinja zizingela ngamaphakethe. Ngokukhonkotha okuningi. Ama-scenthound asebenza yedwa futhi asebenza ngokuthula.
Iqembu lesi-7: Izinja Zokuqondisa
Izinja eziqondisayo zihlala zinganyakazi lapho zizwa umdlalo. Nokho bathule. Ikhala likhomba emdlalweni.
Iqembu lesi-8: Ama-retrievers, izinja ezidla inyama, nezinja zamanzi
Bonke abameleli balolu hlobo yizinja zokuzingela. Nokho, banezindawo ezihluke ngokuphelele zokusetshenziswa. Ama-retrievers aletha umdlalo wokudubula kumzingeli. Abanye bahlanganyela ekuzingeleni izilwane zasemanzini noma izilwane zasendle emahlathini.
Iqembu lesi-9: Izinja ezihambisana nazo nezihamba nazo
Igama lilodwa lichaza umsebenzi waleli qembu. Nokho, leli qembu aliyona neze into entsha. Kwase kunezinja ezazihamba nazo ezigodlweni ezindala zasebukhosini.
Iqembu le-10: Ama-Greyhound
Lezi zilwane ezizacile ngokwedlulele zingabagijimi abashesha umbani. Ziphakeme. Njengabazingeli ababonayo, baye ngokukhethekile ngezilwane ezindizayo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinja ezingabali?
Ngaphezu kwala maqembu ayishumi, zikhona izinja ezixubile. Nokho, awaweli ngaphansi kwanoma yisiphi isigaba futhi awahlangabezani nanoma yimaphi amazinga.
Kodwa lokho akudingekile ukuba kube kubi. Ngoba izinhlobo ezixubile azikwazi ukubhekana nokukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nokuzalanisa. Lolu hlobo lwezinja olungekho emthethweni luvame ukuba nempilo enhle.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlobo ezixubekile ziba amaphakheji wangempela wokumangala. Futhi ngokwenza kanjalo, bacebisa ukuphila kwabantu babo.
Ngokunjalo, izinhlobo zezinja ezaziwayo ezingu-355 azifaki zonke lezo zinhlobo zezinja ezilindele ukuqashelwa. Izinhlobo zomklami nazo azibhekwa.
Izinhlobo zezinja zabaklami
Izinhlobo zomklami ziyingxube yesimanje. Lezi zifuywa ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezikhona. Izibonelo yilezi:
- I-Labradoodle
- I-Cockapoo
- IGoldendoodle
- I-Maltipoo
- I-Schnoodle
- Ama-Puggles
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zifuywa ngokuyinhloko ukuze kube lula kubantu. Abanye kuthiwa bayakwazi ukungezwani nokungezwani komzimba ngenxa yokuthi abachithi. Ezinye izinhlobo zilungele izingane ikakhulukazi noma ziqeqesheka kalula.
Ngokuvamile bamane bawuhlobo oluyiphutha. Bese benikezwa igama elingavamile ukuze bamakethwe kangcono.
Ababonwa yi-FCI. Futhi lapho uthenga, kungcono ubhekisise izikhathi ezintathu. Kufanele wenze lokhu ngayo yonke inja yozalo, ngendlela.
Thenga kuphela izinja zozalo kubafuyi abaziwayo
Ungathanda ukuthenga eyodwa kwezingaphezu kuka-350 izinhlobo zezinja ezaziwayo? Bese uqinisekisa ukuthi i-FCI iyambona umfuyi.
Amakilabhu okuzalanisa angabiza bonke abafuyi abazalanisa ngokulandela imithetho. Ukusebenza kwalo mfuyi kuthathwa njengokunedumela elihle futhi kuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zesimanje zenhlalakahle yezilwane.
Uma uhlobo lwenja lungaziwa ngokuvamile, gcina izandla zakho kulo. Ikakhulukazi uma lungekho ulwazi ngakho.
Umbono omuhle yi-mongrel. Lezi zilwane ezifuywayo zivame ukulinda ikhaya elisha ezindaweni zokukhosela zezilwane eziningi. Bahlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zokubukeka nezici.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Zingaki izinhlobo zezinja ezikhona emhlabeni ngo-2021?
Inani lezinhlobo zezinja eziqashelwa i-FCI liyahlukahluka phakathi kuka-390 no-400. Ibanga lokwehluka liphumela ekubeni utshani obusha buyabonakala futhi ezinye izinhlobo zezinja ziyasuswa ohlwini.
Zingaki izinhlobo zezinja ezikhona emhlabeni ngo-2022?
Nakuba i-FCI, njengenhlangano ebaluleke kakhulu yesambulela, ibona izinhlobo zezinja ezingaba ngu-350, ezinye izinhlangano zibona kuphela izinhlobo zezinja ezingaba ngu-200 noma ezingaphezu kuka-400. Ngokuya ngenhlangano, izinombolo kwesinye isikhathi zingahluka kakhulu.
Iluphi uhlobo lwezinja oludume kakhulu emhlabeni?
| isikhundla | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| 1. | hybrid | hybrid | hybrid | hybrid | hybrid |
| 2. | Ukubuyisa kweLabrador | Ukubuyisa kweLabrador | Ukubuyisa kweLabrador | Ukubuyisa kweLabrador | Ukubuyisa kweLabrador |
| 3. | Inja yaseJalimane umalusi | Inja yaseJalimane umalusi | Inja yaseJalimane umalusi | Inja yaseJalimane umalusi | Inja yaseJalimane umalusi |
| 4. | Inja yaseFrance | Inja yaseFrance | Inja yaseFrance | Chihuahua | Chihuahua |
| 5. | Chihuahua | Chihuahua | Chihuahua | Inja yaseFrance | Inja yaseFrance |
| 6. | Umelusi wase-Australia | Umelusi wase-Australia | Umelusi wase-Australia | UJack russell terrier | UJack russell terrier |
| 7. | Ukubuyiselwa kwegolide | Ukubuyiselwa kwegolide | Ukubuyiselwa kwegolide | Umelusi wase-Australia | Ukubuyiselwa kwegolide |
| I-8th. | UJack russell terrier | UJack russell terrier | UJack russell terrier | Ukubuyiselwa kwegolide | Umelusi wase-Australia |
| 9. | I-Havanese | I-Havanese | I-Yorkshire terriers | I-Yorkshire terriers | I-Yorkshire terriers |
| 10 | umngcele we-collie | I-Yorkshire terriers | I-Havanese | I-Havanese | I-Havanese |
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinja ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni?
I-Great Dane Freddy yaseNgilandi inokungena ku-Guinness Book of Records inja enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ku-103.5cm ehlaba umxhwele uma ibuna, uyena omude kunabo bonke ohlotsheni lwakhe futhi ubambe leli rekhodi kusukela ngo-2016 - nakuba ayemncane kunabo bonke kudoti wakhe ngaleso sikhathi.
Yiziphi izinja eziyi-10 ezinkulu emhlabeni?
10. Kangal Shepherd Dog
9. I-Irish Wolfhound
8. Landseer
7. Chien De Montagne Des Pyrenees
6. ULeonberger
5. Borzoi
4. Akbash
3. IGreater Dane
2. St. Bernard
1. I-Mastiff
Ibhonasi: Freddie
Iluphi uhlobo lwenja inja enkulu?
- UDogue de Bordeaux
- Isilwane sezinyamazane
- ULeonberger.
- I-wolfhound yase-Ireland.
- Inja Yomalusi oyi-Anatolian.
- USaint Bernard.
- ENewfoundland.
- I-Mastiff