UMary Allen
Sekungamakhulu eminyaka abacwaningi besola ukuthi izinyoni zasemanzini ziletha amaqanda ezinhlanzi. Kodwa ubufakazi balokhu abukho. Kukhona izinhlanzi ngisho emachibini amaningi ngaphandle kokungena noma ukuphuma. Nokho, umbuzo wokuthi izinhlanzi zingena kanjani emachibini nasemachibini angaxhunywanga kwezinye izingxenye zamanzi ayikaxazululeki.
Izinhlanzi zangena kanjani olwandle?
Eyashabalala e-Devonian (eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingu-410 kuya kwezingu-360 edlule), izinhlanzi zakudala kwakuyizilwane zokuqala ezinomgogodla. Zavela emanzini ahlanzekile futhi kamuva zaphinde zanqoba ulwandle. Izinhlanzi ezinoqweqwe oluqinile (oshaka, imisebe, ama-chimera) kanye nezinhlanzi ezinamathambo zavela ezinhlanzini ezihlomile.
Kungani kunezinhlanzi?
Izinhlanzi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemiphakathi yasolwandle. Futhi abantu sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka bexhumene nabo ngoba babanikeza ukudla. Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke manje ziphila ngokuqondile ekudobeni noma ekufuyeni izinhlanzi.
Ziphi izinhlanzi eziningi?
I-China ibamba izinhlanzi eziningi.
Inhlanzi yokuqala ingena kanjani echibini?
Umbono wabo ubeka ukuthi amaqanda ezinhlanzi ezinamathelayo anamathela ezimpahleni noma ezinyaweni zezinyoni zasemanzini. Lawa abe esethutha amaqanda esuka kwelinye amanzi awayise kwelinye, lapho izinhlanzi zichanyuselwa khona.
Kungani umuntu odla imifino edla izinhlanzi?
Ama-Pescetarians: Izinzuzo
Inhlanzi iwumthombo ocebile wamaprotheni nama-amino acid adingwa umzimba wakho. Abadla imifino abahlanzekile baphinde badle inani elanele lamaprotheni avela emikhiqizweni yezitshalo ngendlela yemifino, isoya, amantongomane, noma imikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu.
Ingabe inhlanzi ingalala?
Ama-Pisces, noma kunjalo, awapheli ngokuphelele ebuthongweni bawo. Nakuba benciphisa ngokucacile ukunaka kwabo, abalokothi bawele esigabeni sokulala okujulile. Ezinye izinhlanzi zize zilale ngohlangothi ukuze zilale, njengoba nje senza.
Ithini igama lenhlanzi yokuqala emhlabeni?
I-Ichthyostega (i-ichthys yesiGreki “inhlanzi” kanye nesiteji “sophahla”, “ugebhezi”) yayingenye yama-tetrapod okuqala (ama-vertebrates asemhlabeni) ayengaphila okwesikhashana emhlabeni. Yayicishe ibe ngu-1.5 m ubude.
Iyakwazi ukuhogela inhlanzi?
Izinhlanzi zisebenzisa inzwa yazo yokuhogela ukuze zithole ukudla, zibonane, futhi zigweme izilwane ezidla ezinye. Ukuhogela kancane kungenza abantu babe buthaka, kusho ucwaningo. Abacwaningi baseBritish University of Exeter bahlaziya ukusabela kwe-sea bass.
Izinhlanzi eziningi zihlala ekujuleni kangakanani?
Iqala ngamamitha angu-200 ngaphansi kwezinga lolwandle futhi igcine kumamitha angu-1000. Ucwaningo lukhuluma ngendawo ye-mesopelagic. Ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi izinhlanzi eziningi zihlala lapha, zikalwa nge-biomass.
Inhlanzi yegolide ingaphila isikhathi esingakanani?
Izilwane ezinjalo zikhubazekile kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwazo futhi akufanele zikhuliswe noma zigcinwe. I-Goldfish ingaphila iminyaka engu-20 kuya kwengama-30! Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umbala we-goldfish ukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlanzi kuwo wonke amachibi?
Ifulethi, elokwenziwa, elivame ukugcwala okugeza - amachibi enkwali awabhekwa njengezindawo zokuphephela zemvelo. Kodwa manje ucwaningo selufinyelele esiphethweni esimangalisayo: amachibi enziwe abantu anokuphila kwezinhlanzi ezimibalabala ngendlela efanayo emanzini emvelo.
Zivelaphi izinhlanzi ezisemachibini asezintabeni?
Kuyaqondakala ukuthi izitshalo zasemanzini ezinamaqanda e-minnow zithathwa yizinyoni zasemanzini ezindiza emanzini aphansi emachibini asezintabeni eziphakeme, ngenxa yalokho okwenzekayo kule nhlanzi encane.
Inhlanzi ingakhala?
Ngokungafani nathi, abakwazi ukusebenzisa isimo sobuso ukuze baveze imizwa nemizwelo yabo. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi abanakuyizwa injabulo, ubuhlungu, nosizi. Izinkulumo zabo nokusebenzelana komphakathi kuhluke nje: izinhlanzi ziyizidalwa ezihlakaniphile, ezizwelayo.
Ingabe inhlanzi ingabhukuda ihlehle?
Yebo, izinhlanzi eziningi ezinamathambo nezinye izinhlanzi ezinoqwanga zingabhukuda zihlehle. Kodwa kanjani? Amaphiko abalulekile ekuhambeni nasekushintsheni lapho izinhlanzi ziqonde ngakhona. Amaphiko ahamba ngosizo lwemisipha.
Ingabe izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukubona ebumnyameni?
The Elephantnose Fish | Izinkomishi ezibonisa ukukhanya emehlweni ka-Gnathonemus petersii zinikeza izinhlanzi umbono ongaphezu kwesilinganiso ekukhanyeni okubi.
Izinhlanzi zafika kanjani ogwini?
Lokhu manje sekwenziwe kabusha ekuhlolweni okungavamile kwezinhlanzi ezikhethekile. Emzamweni ongajwayelekile, ososayensi baye benza kabusha ukuthi izilwane ezinomgogodla zawunqoba kanjani umhlaba eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-400 edlule. Ukuze benze lokhu, babephakamisa izinhlanzi ezikwazi ukuphefumula umoya emanzini.
Kungani izinhlanzi zaya ogwini?
Iqiniso lokuthi thina bantu siphila emhlabeni ekugcineni libangelwe yizinhlanzi, okwathi ngesizathu esithile zaqala ukuhamba emhlabeni esikhathini esathatha izigidi eziningi zeminyaka. Ukuthi benze njalo akungabazeki. Ukuthi bakwenzeleni akwaziwa.
Inhlanzi iwubona kanjani umhlaba?
AmaPisces amaningi ngokwemvelo awaboni kahle. Ungabona kuphela izinto ezifika kumitha ngokucacile. Empeleni, iso lenhlanzi lisebenza njengelomuntu, kodwa ilensi iyindilinga futhi iqinile.