UMary Allen
Amahhashi izilwane ezincelisayo. Isikhathi esiningi sicabanga ngamahhashi ethu afuywayo. Nokho, ku-biology, amahhashi akha uhlobo oluthile. Kuhlanganisa amahhashi asendle, ihhashi lasePrzewalski, izimbongolo namadube. Ngakho-ke igama elithi "Horses" yigama elihlangene kubhayoloji. Nokho, olimini lwethu lwansuku zonke, ngokuvamile sisho ihhashi elifuywayo.
Zonke izinhlobo zamahhashi zinento eyodwa efanayo: ekuqaleni zazihlala eningizimu ye-Afrika nase-Asia. Zihlala ezindaweni lapho kunezihlahla ezimbalwa kakhulu futhi zidla kakhulu utshani. Udinga ukuthola amanzi njalo.
Izinyawo zawo wonke amahhashi zigcina inselo. Lena i-callus eqinile, efana nezinzwane noma izinzipho zethu. Ukuphela konyawo uzwane oluphakathi nendawo. Amahhashi awasenazo izinzwane ezisele. Kufana nokuhamba ngeminwe yakho ephakathi nendawo nezinzwani ezimaphakathi kuphela. Iduna liyinkunzi. Insikazi iyinsikazi. Ithole liyithole.
Asekhona amahhashi asendle?
Ihhashi lasendle lokuqala seliphelile. Kukhona inzalo yakhe kuphela umuntu ayifuyile, okuyihhashi lakithi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zakhe. Sibazi ngemijaho yamahhashi, ukugxuma kombukiso, noma epulazini lamahhashi.
Isekhona eminye imihlambi yamahhashi asendle. Avame ukubizwa ngokuthi amahhashi asendle, kodwa lokho akulungile. Bangamahhashi afuywayo afuywayo okuthi, ngokwesibonelo, abaleke esitebeleni aphinde ajwayela ukuphila emvelweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, banamahloni kakhulu.
Emvelweni, amahhashi e-feral ahlala emhlambini. Iqembu elinjalo ngokuvamile liqukethe kuphela ama-mares amaningana. Kukhona nehhashi lehhashi namanye amathole. Ziyizilwane ezindizayo. Bampofu ekuzivikeleni ngakho-ke bahlale beqaphile. Baze balale bemile ukuze babaleke ngokushesha uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo.
Ihhashi le-Przewalski libukeka lifana ncamashi namahhashi ethu afuywayo kodwa liwuhlobo oluhlukile. Ibizwa nangokuthi "ihhashi lasendle lase-Asia" noma "ihhashi lasendle laseMongolia". Yacishe yashabalala. Yathola igama layo kuNikolai Mikhailovich Przewalski waseRussia, owayenza yaduma eYurophu. Namuhla kunezilwane zakhe ezingaba ngu-2000 eziziqiwini kanti ezinye zikwezinye izindawo zokulondoloza imvelo e-Ukraine naseMongolia.
Ahlala kanjani amahhashi afuywayo?
Amahhashi asekhaya ayahogela futhi ezwa kahle kakhulu. Amehlo akhe aseceleni kwekhanda lakhe. Ngakho ungabheka cishe nxazonke ngaphandle kokunyakazisa ikhanda lakho. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi bayakwazi ukubona izinto eziningi ngeso elilodwa ngesikhathi, kunzima kubo ukubona ukuthi into ikude kangakanani.
Ukukhulelwa kwensikazi kuthatha cishe unyaka kusukela ekuzaleni, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lwehhashi. Imbila ivamise ukuzala isilwane esisodwa. Isukuma ngokushesha, futhi ngemva kwamahora ambalwa, isikwazi kakade ukulandela unina.
Iwundlu liphuza ubisi lukanina izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni. Isuke isivuthiwe ngokocansi lapho ineminyaka emine, ngakho-ke ingakwazi ukuzakhela amaphuphu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ekuqaleni kwezinsikazi. Amahhashi amancane kufanele aqale aqine ngokumelene nezimbangi zawo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zamahhashi afuywayo akhona?
Amahhashi asekhaya awuhlobo lwezilwane. Indoda yazalanisa izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene. Isihlonzi esilula siwusayizi. Ulinganisa ukuphakama kwamahlombe. Ngokwamagama obuchwepheshe, lokhu ukuphakama ekubuneni noma ukuphakama ekubuneni. Ngokomthetho wokuzalanisa waseJalimane, umkhawulo ungamasentimitha angu-148. Lokho kucishe kulingane nomuntu omdala omncane. Ngenhla kwalolu phawu kunamahhashi amakhulu, futhi ngaphansi kwalokho kunamahhashi amancane, abizwa nangokuthi amaponi.
Kukhona futhi ukuhlukaniswa okusekelwe kusimo sengqondo: kukhona okubandayo, okufudumele, noma okuhlukahlukene. Igazi lakho lihlale linezinga lokushisa elifanayo. Kodwa zinezici ezihlukile: Imidwebo ivame ukuba nzima futhi izolile. Ngakho-ke afaneleka kakhulu njengamahhashi adonsayo. Izilwane ezifuywayo zinovalo futhi zithambile. Angamahhashi omjaho ahamba phambili. Izici ze-Warmblood ziwela endaweni ethile phakathi.
Okunye ukuhlukaniswa kwenziwa ngokuya ngemvelaphi yezindawo zokuzalanisa. Aziwa kakhulu amahhashi aseShetland avela eziqhingini, abaseBelgium, amaHolstein asenyakatho yeJalimane, nama-Andalusi aseningizimu yeSpain. AbakwaFreiberger nabanye abambalwa bavela eJura eSwitzerland. Ngisho nesigodlo sezindela sase-Einsiedeln sinezinhlobo zayo zamahhashi.
Kukhona futhi umehluko wombala: amahhashi amnyama amahhashi amnyama. Amahhashi amhlophe abizwa ngokuthi amahhashi ampunga, uma enamabala abizwa ngokuthi amahhashi ampunga. Bese kuba khona impungushe, i-piebald, noma nje “ensundu” nezinye eziningi.
Akhuliswa kanjani amahhashi?
Abantu baqala ukuthumba nokuzalanisa amahhashi eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu edlule. Lokho kwakungenkathi yeNeolithic. Ukuzalanisa kusho: Uhlale uhlanganisa ihhashi nensikazi enezici ozifunayo zokukhwelana. Kwezolimo, amandla amahhashi ayebalulekile ukudonsa igeja ensimini. Amahhashi okugibela kufanele abe ngokushesha futhi alula. Amahhashi empi ayemakhulu kakhulu futhi esindayo futhi ayeqeqeshwa ngendlela efanele.
Izinhlobo eziningi zamahhashi zazijwayele ukujwayela isimo sezulu esithile. Ngokwesibonelo, amahhashi aseShetland ayemancane futhi ejwayele ukushisa njengoba ayejwayele ukuvunguza. Ngakho-ke ayevame ukusetshenziswa njengamahhashi adonsa kanzima ezimayini zamalahle zamaNgisi. Imithambo yayivame ukungabi phezulu kakhulu, futhi isimo sezulu emigodini sasifudumele futhi siswakeme.
Emisebenzini ethile, izimbongolo zifaneleka kangcono kunamahhashi afuywayo. Ziqine kakhulu ezintabeni. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezilwane ngakho-ke ziwele ngempumelelo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba bayizihlobo eziseduze: umnyuzi, owaziwa nangokuthi umnyuzi, wadalwa ngehhashi lehhashi kanye nehhashi lembongolo.
Umnyuzi wadalwa ngehhashi lehhashi lensikazi yembongolo. Zombili lezi zinhlobo azinamahloni kakhulu kunamahhashi afuywayo futhi zinemvelo enhle kakhulu. Aphinde aphile isikhathi eside kunamahhashi afuywayo. Nokho, iminyuzi namahinnie ngokwawo awasakwazi ukuzala izilwane ezincane.
Yiziphi izigigaba amahhashi ezifuywayo aziyo?
Amahhashi angasebenzisa imilenze yawo emine ngezindlela ezahlukene ukuze azungeze. Sikhuluma ngezinyathelo ezahlukene lapha.
Ihhashi lihamba kancane ekuhambeni. Ihlale inezinyawo ezimbili phansi. Ukuhleleka kokunyakaza kwesokunxele ngaphambili - kwesokudla emuva - kwesokudla ngaphambili - kwesokunxele emuva. Ihhashi lishesha kancane kunomuntu.
Isigaba esilandelayo sibizwa ngokuthi i-trot. Ihhashi lihlala linyakaza izinyawo ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngokudayagonali: Ngakho kwesokunxele ngaphambili nakwesokudla ngemuva, bese kwesokudla ngaphambili futhi kwesokunxele ngemuva. Phakathi nendawo, ihhashi lisemkhathini kafushane ngawo omane. Lapho ugibela, lokhu kuzamazama kakhulu.
Ihhashi lishesha kakhulu uma ligabavula. Ihhashi libeka phansi imilenze yalo emibili yangemuva ngokushesha okukhulu ngokulandelana, lilandelwa ngokushesha imilenze yalo emibili yangaphambili. Bese indiza. Empeleni, igalophu iqukethe ukweqa okuningi ihhashi elikuhlanganisayo. Kumgibeli, lokhu kuhamba kuyindilinga ngakho-ke kuzolile kune-trot.
NgeNkathi Ephakathi ngisho nasezikhathini zanamuhla, abesifazane babengavunyelwe ukuhlala esihlalweni njengamadoda. Bahlala phezu kwesihlalo eseceleni noma eseceleni. Babenemilenze yomibili ohlangothini olulodwa lwehhashi. Kwakukhona nokuhamba okukhethekile amahhashi ayeqeqeshelwe ukuwenza: i-amble. Namuhla ibizwa ngokuthi “Tölt”. Ihhashi ngokushintshana lihambisa imilenze emibili yesokunxele phambili, bese kuba eyakwesokudla, njalonjalo. Lokho kuzamazama kancane kakhulu. Amahhashi ahamba kahle kule ndlela abizwa ngokuthi ama-tamer.
Ngezansi ungabona amafilimu e-gait ehlukene.