UMary Allen
Unogwaja unendawo ehlala njalo emlandweni wezinganekwane kanye nezinganekwane. "Isibani esikhulu" sidlala indima ebalulekile ezisho, ezindabeni, futhi vele esikhundleni sakhe njengonogwaja wePhasika. Onogwaja bakhona futhi ezincwadini: Nge-"Watership Down" u-Richard Adams udale ubuciko obuhle onogwaja endimeni eholayo. Kodwa uyawazi umehluko phakathi konogwaja nonogwaja?
Sekuvele kukhona ukudideka kwamagama olimini lwansuku zonke: ku-jargon yabafuyi onogwaja, onogwaja besifazane babizwa ngokuthi "onogwaja". Igama elivamile kodwa elingelona iqiniso likanogwaja basekhaya “unogwaja ozinzile”. “Onogwaja” onogwaja umzimba wabo oye walinganiselwa ngokuzalanisa nonogwaja. Ukuzalanisa phakathi onogwaja basendle nonogwaja akunakwenzeka ngokwebhayoloji. Onogwaja basekhaya abafuywayo bavela konogwaja basendle futhi banemibala eminingi kanye nezinhlobo. Awusoze wabona onogwaja njengezilwane ezifuywayo: Basohlwini olubomvu lwezilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala eJalimane.
Uyini Umehluko?
Unogwaja ofana nonogwaja ungowohlelo lokufana nonogwaja kanye nomndeni “wonogwaja bangempela”. Ngokomlando wohlobo, unogwaja nonogwaja bayizihlobo ezikude, ngamunye unezinhlobo zawo.
Uma ubheka onogwaja nonogwaja, uyawubona umehluko: onogwaja bancane futhi bakhuluphele, kanti onogwaja bayizilwane ezinkulu ngokuphawulekayo, ezincane. Imivundla inezindlebe ezinde kunogwaja. Imilenze nayo iyinde futhi inemisipha. Onogwaja bavamise ukuba yizilwane ezihlala zodwa, kodwa onogwaja bahlala ngamaqembu amakhulu.
Bavelaphi Onogwaja Nonogwaja?
Onogwaja abansundu ekuqaleni batholakala e-Old World. Behamba nabantu, beza eNew Zealand, e-Australia, eNingizimu Melika naseziqhingini ezinjenge-Oceania. Unogwaja wasendle - umsunguli wonogwaja wasekhaya - ekuqaleni uvela eNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia kanye nendawo encane eNyakatho Afrika. Namuhla isakazeke kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngaphandle kwenyakatho yeScandinavia, futhi isiye yaba ngokwemvelo eNingizimu Melika nase-Australia.
Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezinezikhala eziluhlaza, onogwaja bazizwa besekhaya njengabalandeli bamasiko - emapaki nasemathuneni, ngezinye izikhathi babangela inkinga ngesifiso sabo sokudla. Onogwaja nabo bazijwayeze kahle kakhulu ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala. Ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica, bahlala emhlabeni wonke namuhla, e-tundra kanye nasezindaweni zamahlathi ashisayo. Noma kunjalo, unogwaja uyisilwane sasendle esisengozini yokushabalala kuleli zwe. Indawo yemvelo yezilwane iyancipha kakhulu ngenxa yezolimo. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezenza izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo ziye zanda kakhulu ukubheka onogwaja ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha kanye nezindawo eziluhlaza zasemadolobheni isikhathi eside.
Ochwepheshe be-Outdoor Fanatics kanye Nochwepheshe Bonjiniyela Bomphakathi
Ngokungafani onogwaja, onogwaja bahlala emaqenjini emindeni emikhulu futhi bakhe imigede ebaxhumanisa nezinhlelo ezibanzi zemigudu. Imisebenzi yabo yokumba ayinazo izinkinga, isibonelo lapho "igcwele" ama-dikes. Onogwaja bane-crepuscular. Ayikho ingozi eseduze, kodwa ungakwazi futhi ukujabulela i-sunbath ephumuzayo.
Unogwaja omkhulu kakhulu akayena unjiniyela wezakhiwo onekhono. Ufuna isivikelo ngaphansi kwezihlahla, otshanini obude, noma emifantwini. Lapho wenza umkhombe obizwa ngokuthi “Sasse”. Le ndlela yokuphila esobala iyisizathu futhi esenza ukuthi amaphuphu asheshe ashiye isidleke.
Badlani Oonogwaja Nonogwaja?
Onogwaja nonogwaja bayavumelana ngemenyu: Zombili ziyizilwane ezidla uhlaza futhi zidla imifino ewutshani, amaqabunga, izimpande namakhambi. Ezikhathini eziyinyumba nasebusika, awadeleli amagxolo esihlahla.
Enye into abafana ngayo yindlela enelukuluku yokugaya ukudla. Zombili lezi zilwane aziwakhi ama-enzyme ahlukanisa i-cellulosea, ngakho-ke ukuvutshelwa kufanele kwenzeke ku-appendix. Indle enovithamini ecebile eyakhiwe lapho iyaphinda idliwe ukuze kuhlakazwe imisoco.
Lapho Ukuhamba Kuba Kanzima: Umvundla Uyabaleka kanye Nokucasha Ngaphansi Kwaphansi
Ukuxhuma nezitha: Izilwane ezidla ezinye ezifana nezimpungushe, izinyoni ezidla inyama, nama-corvids ziphakathi kwezilwane ezidla onogwaja nonogwaja. Uma izilwane ezidla ezinye ziseduze, onogwaja baphonseka emigodini yabo engaphansi komhlaba, lapho abalokothi baphambuke khona kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, onogwaja bafuna insindiso yabo ngokubaleka. Babalekela abahlaseli ngesivinini sombani futhi babonise isici sokuhuka ihuku. Ngenxa yokubekezela kwabo, abagijimi bamabanga amade bavame ukushiya abasuke bebajahe ngemuva. Bafinyelela isivinini esiphezulu samakhilomitha angu-70 ngehora kanye namandla okugxuma amamitha amabili. Kuyahlaba umxhwele, akunjalo?
Bazala Kanjani Onogwaja Nonogwaja?
Onogwaja nonogwaja bayasebenza ebusuku nasekuseni, futhi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, bangabonwa nasemini. Onogwaja besilisa - ama-rammers - bahlela "imidlalo yesibhakela" emangalisayo ngalesi sikhathi ukuxosha izimbangi. Onogwaja besifazane bangazala izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokukhwelana sisukela kuMasingana kuya kuMfumfu. Ngemva kokumitha kwezinsuku ezingama-42, ezimbili kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili, ezimweni ezingavamile kufika ku-15 izilwane ezincane ezizalwa. Onogwaja abancane basuka ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa: Bazalwa benoboya namehlo avulekile futhi bayakwazi ukushiya amaSasse ngemva kwesikhashana.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sonogwaja basendle siyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sezulu esibazungezile. Zinxephezela izinga eliphezulu lokufa kwezingane ngokwanda kwezinga lokuzala futhi ziphindaphindeke njengonogwaja. Ngemva kokumitha kwamasonto amane kuya kwayisihlanu, unogwaja ongumama uzala abantwana abahlanu abangenakuzisiza, abanqunu - izikhathi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ngonyaka! Emancane akhiwe: ngemva kwezinsuku eziyishumi kuphela avula amehlo awo, ashiye isidleke emasontweni amathathu, futhi amunyiswe kuze kube isonto lesine.
Ziyini Izingozi Zomvundla Nogwaja?
Fox kanye nabanye. thanda ukudla onogwaja nonogwaja. Kodwa izilwane ezizingelayo azilona neze usongo olukhulu ku-bumblebee.
Izifo ezinjenge-viral disease myxomatosis kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ubhubhane lwaseShayina zingathinta wonke amaphakethe onogwaja futhi ziye zabangela abantu abaningi esikhathini esidlule. Into ethusayo: igciwane le-myxomatosis lalethwa ngamabomu ngabantu ngeminyaka yawo-1950. Kufanele iqukathe inani onogwaja. Nokho, leli gciwane lasakazekela kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi lisengumbulali omkhulu onogwaja basendle namuhla. Unogwaja uvikelekile kakhulu egciwaneni.
Kodwa nakuye kunzima. Ukuntuleka kwendawo engalinyiwe kanye namaphasishi kwenza kube nzima ukuthola nokunakekela indawo. Ngokwezibalo, cishe onogwaja abangu-50 kumahektha ayi-100 omhlaba babevamile ekuqaleni kwekhulunyaka, nokuguquguquka okunamandla ezifundazweni zombuso. Abazingeli baphinde babone ukwehla kwenani labantu: onogwaja ulandelwa njengomdlalo omncane ngokuzingela okuqhutshwa izihlalo eziphezulu. Isibalo sokubulawa kwabantu sehlile kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule futhi sehle ngaphezu kwesigamu kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980. Naphezu kwesimo sabo esisengozini, onogwaja basazingelwa. Isikhathi esivaliwe somvundla siqala ngoJanuwari 15 kuya ku-Okthoba 1; ngalesi sikhathi zikhulisa izingane zazo.