UMary Allen
Ngomkhuba wawo wokuqomisana odonsa amehlo nezimpaphe zawo eziluhlaza okotshani, i-wood grouse ingenye yezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu eYurophu. Ngeshwa, sebeyivelakancane kakhulu kithi.
Izici
Ibukeka kanjani i-grouse?
I-Capercaillies ikhula icishe ilingane ne-turkey, ilinganiselwa kumasentimitha angu-120 ukusuka emlonyeni kuya emsileni. Lokhu kubenza babe enye yezinyoni zendabuko ezinkulu. Futhi zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu amane kuya kwayisihlanu, amanye aze afike kwayisithupha. Njengelungu lomndeni we-grouse, lezi zinyoni zinezimpaphe ezimnyama, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezintanyeni, esifubeni nasemiqolombeni.
Amaphiko anombala onsundu. Zinebala elincane elimhlophe ezinhlangothini zazo, futhi isisu nangaphansi komsila nakho kumhlophe. Okuphawuleka kakhulu ukumaka okubomvu okukhanyayo ngaphezu kweso: okuthiwa yi-rose. Ivuvukala kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqomisana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalesi sikhathi i-capercaillie inezimpaphe ezimbalwa esilevini sayo ezibukeka njengentshebe.
Ezinsikazi cishe zincane ngokwesithathu futhi azibonakali nsundu-mhlophe. Yisihlangu sesifuba esibomvu-nsundu kuphela kanye nomsila onebhande elibomvu nokugqwala okugqamayo ezimpahleni ezilula. Ezinye izici ezikhethekile zibonisa ukuthi i-capercaillie isekhaya ezindaweni ezibandayo: Amakhala awo avikelwe ngezimpaphe futhi ekwindla nasebusika imilenze, izinyawo futhi ikakhulukazi izinzwane zinezimpaphe eziminyene.
I-grouse ihlala kuphi?
Esikhathini esidlule, i-wood grouse yayivamile ezintabeni zayo yonke indawo emaphakathi nesenyakatho yeYurophu kanye nasenkabeni nasenyakatho ye-Asia.
Ngenxa yokuthi zazizingelwa kakhulu futhi azikho izindawo ezifanelekayo ezizishiyelwa, lezi zinyoni ezinhle zihlala kuphela ezindaweni ezimbalwa eYurophu, njengeScandinavia neScotland. EJalimane, cishe sekusele izilwane eziyi-1200 kuphela. Zitholakala kakhulu e-Bavarian Alps, e-Black Forest nase-Bavarian Forest.
I-Capercaillie idinga amahlathi e-coniferous athule, alula namahlathi axubile anamaxhaphozi nama-moors. Amakhambi amaningi namajikijolo, isibonelo, amajikijolo aluhlaza, kufanele akhule phansi. Futhi badinga izihlahla ukuze bahlehle ukuze balale.
Kunezinhlobo ezithile ezihlobene eduze ze-grouse: lezi zihlanganisa i-black grouse, i-ptarmigan ne-hazel grouse. Izinkukhu ze-grouse ne-prairie zitholakala eNyakatho Melika kuphela.
Uba neminyaka emingaki i-grouse?
I-Capercaillie grouse ingaphila iminyaka eyishumi nambili, ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-18.
Behave
I-grouse iphila kanjani?
UCapercaillie uhlala ethembekile ezweni lakubo. Uma sebekhethe insimu, bangabonwa lapho kaningi. Zindizela amabanga amafushane kuphela futhi zihlala kakhulu phansi lapho zifuna ukudla khona. Kusihlwa, agxumela ezihlahleni ayolala ngoba avikelekile ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye lapho.
U-Capercaillie waziwa ngomkhuba wabo ongajwayelekile wokuqomisana ngo-March nango-April: Ekuseni, iqhude liqala ingoma yalo yokuqomisana. Kuqukethe imisindo yokuchofoza, ukukhwifa kanye nokuklabalasa. Le nyoni ithatha isimo esivamile sokushela ngokwelula umsila wayo endaweni eyisiyingi, yelule amaphiko ayo futhi yelulele ikhanda layo phezulu. Ingoma yokuqomisana iphetha nge-trill ezwakala njengokuthi “kalöpkalöpp-kalöppöppöpp”.
UCapercaillie bangabaculi abaphikelelayo: baphindaphinda ingoma yabo yokuqomisana izikhathi ezingamakhulu amabili kuya kwamathathu njalo ekuseni; ngesikhathi esikhulu sokuqomisana kuze kufike izikhathi ezingamakhulu ayisithupha. I-Capercaillie grouse inezingosi ezithile zokuqomisana abazivakashela kabusha njalo ekuseni. Lapho, zigxumela emoyeni bese zishaya amaphiko ngaphambi kokuba ziqale ukucula - ngokuvamile zihlala egqumeni noma esiphunzini sesihlahla. Naphakathi kwamaculo, alokhu endiza, endiza emoyeni.
Uma iqhude selihlabe umxhwele isikhukhukazi ngamakhono aso, siyalala naso. Kodwa-ke, i-grouse ayishadi nomfazi oyedwa: amaqhude ahlangana nezikhukhukazi eziningi ezifika endaweni yawo. Nokho, abanandaba nokukhulisa intsha.
Ngendlela: i-capercaillie grouse ingaba yinqaba futhi ibe nolaka phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana. Kwakukhona imibiko ephindaphindiwe yokuthi u-grouse wabe esebheka abahambahamba ehlathini njengezimbangi futhi abavimbe indlela yabo.
Abangane kanye nezitha ze-capercaillie
I-Capercaillie yayizingelwa kakhulu abantu. Izitha zemvelo ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye njengempungushe. I-grouse encane ikakhulukazi ingaba isisulu sayo.
I-capercaillie izala kanjani?
Inzalo ye-capercaillie ingumsebenzi wesifazane: abesifazane kuphela abanakekela ama-brood. I-grouse izalela cishe amaqanda ayisithupha kuya kweshumi emgodini wesidleke phakathi kwezimpande noma iziphunzi zesihlahla phansi, iwafukamela izinsuku ezingu-26 kuya kwezingu-28. Amaqanda acishe alingane neqanda lenkukhu.
I-capercaillie esencane ijwayele ukuchanyuselwa: Ngemva nje kokuchanyuselwa, ihamba phakathi kwezihlahla eziminyene phansi ehlathini, ivikelwe unina. Bahlala ekunakekelweni komama cishe amasonto amathathu kodwa bahlala ndawonye njengomndeni ebusika. Izikhukhukazi ze-Capercaillie kanye namatshwele azo kunzima ukuwabona njengoba zimbozwe kahle ngezimpaphe zazo ezinsundu kanye ne-beige. Lapho amaphuphu esongelwa izilwane ezidla ezinye, unina uyawaphazamisa ngokwenza sengathi alimele: adiyazela emhlabathini enamaphiko aqhugayo, adonse ukunaka kwezilwane ezidla ezinye.
I-grouse ixhumana kanjani?
Ingoma ka-capercaillie yokuqomisana ithule kakhulu ekuqaleni kodwa bese iba phezulu kangangokuthi izwakala endaweni engamamitha angu-400.
Care
I-grouse idlani?
I-Capercaillie idla ngokuyinhloko amaqabunga, amahlumela, izinaliti, amaqabunga, futhi, ekwindla, amajikijolo. Isisu sakho namathumbu kuklanyelwe ukugaya ukudla kwezitshalo. Aphinde agwinye amatshe asiza ukuhlephula ukudla esiswini.
Zithanda futhi neziphungumangathi nezinye izinambuzane futhi ngezinye izikhathi zizingela izibankwa noma izinyoka ezincane. Amatshwele kanye ne-capercaillie encane, ikakhulukazi, adinga amaprotheni amaningi: Ngakho-ke ikakhulukazi adla amabhungane, amacimbi, izimpukane, izikelemu, iminenke nezintuthwane.
Ukulima kwe-Capercaillie
Ngenxa yokuthi banamahloni kakhulu futhi bayahoxa, ama-wood grouse awavamile ukugcinwa ema-zoo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nasekuthunjweni, badinga uhlobo olukhethekile lokudla okunzima ukuluthola, okungukuthi ama-buds namahlumela amancane. Kodwa-ke, uma ekhuliswe abantu, angathambisa kakhulu: khona-ke amaqhude maningi amathuba okuthi aqome abantu kune-grouse.