UMary Allen
Imikhaza isakaza izifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo. Sethula ezimbili zazo ngokuningiliziwe lapha ukuze ukwazi ukufundisa abanikazi bezinja ngendlela engcono kakhulu.
I-Babesiosis kanye ne-hepatozoonosis yizifo ezithathelwanayo ezithathelwanayo, kodwa azisakazwa ngomiyane kodwa ngemikhaza. Zombili zibangelwa i-protozoa (izinto eziphilayo ezineseli elilodwa) futhi, njenge-leishmaniasis kanye ne-filariasis, zingezalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "izifo zokuhamba noma zaseMedithera". Kodwa-ke, i-babesiosis kanye ne-hepatozoonosis cishe isivele igcwele eJalimane (eyenzeka ezindaweni ezithile). Ezinye izifo ezisakazwa imikhaza i-Ehrlichiosis, i-Anaplasmosis, i-Rickettsiosis, nesifo i-Lyme.
babesiosis
I-Canine babesiosis isifo esithathelwanayo esinezimbotshana ezihlukahlukene kanye nomphumela ongase ubulale. Amanye amagama yi-piroplasmosis kanye ne-“canine malaria”. Akuyona enye yama-zoonoses.
I-Pathogen kanye Nokusabalala
I-Babesiosis ibangelwa ama-unicellular parasites (protozoa) ohlobo lwe-Babesia. Asakazwa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zemikhaza (ngaphezu kwawo wonke umkhaza wehlathi we-alluvial kanye nomkhaza wenja ensundu) futhi ahlasela kuphela ama-erythrocyte (amangqamuzana egazi abomvu) ezilwane ezincelisayo, yingakho ebizwa nangokuthi. hemoprotozoa. Akhethekile ngokusingathwa kukho kokubili i-vector yawo yomkhaza kanye nesilwane sawo esincelisayo. EYurophu, Babesia canis (Izinhlobo zesiHungary nesiFulentshi) kanye Babesia vogeli ukudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, nge Babesia canis ngokuvamile okuholela ezifweni ezimbi (ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwaseHungary), kuyilapho Babesia vogeli ukutheleleka ngokuvamile kuthambile.
ukutheleleka
Imikhaza yabesifazane yibona abasabalalisa i-Babesia, indima yemikhaza yabesilisa ekuthelelekeni kwayo ayikacaciswa. Amakhizane asebenza kokubili njengevekhtha nanjengendawo yokugcina amanzi. I-Babesia imunywa umkhaza ngesikhathi imunca. Zingena ku-epithelium yamathumbu futhi zifudukele ezithweni ezihlukahlukene ezifana nama-ovari nezindlala zamathe zomkhaza, lapho zanda khona. Ngenxa yokudluliselwa kwe-transovarial enzalweni, izigaba zezibungu zemikhaza nazo zingangenwa yi-pathogen.
Imikhaza yabesifazane kufanele imunce umsingathi okungenani amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kwezigaba ezithathelwanayo ze-pathogen (okuthiwa ama-sporozoites ) ematheni omkhaza ayatholakala ukuze adluliselwe enjeni. Ukutheleleka nge-babesia kuvame ukuvela emahoreni angama-48 kuya kwangama-72 ngemuva kokulunywa komkhaza. Bahlasela kuphela ama-erythrocyte, lapho behlukanisa khona futhi bahlukanise kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-merozoite. Lokhu kubangela ukufa kwamangqamuzana. Isikhathi sokufukamela yizinsuku ezinhlanu kuya emasontweni amane, i-prepotency isonto elilodwa. Uma isilwane sisinda kulesi sifo ngaphandle kokwelashwa, siqala ukugonywa impilo yonke kodwa singalichitha impilo yonke.
Ukudluliselwa kusengenzeka njengengxenye yezigameko ezilumayo kanye nokumpontshelwa igazi. Ukusuleleka okuqondile kusuka kuma-bitches kuye emidlwaneni yabo kukhonjisiwe futhi ohlotsheni lwe-Babesia.
izimpawu
I-babesiosis ingathatha izinhlobo ezahlukene.
I-acute noma i-peracute (evame kakhulu nge Babesia canis ukutheleleka ): Isilwane sethulwa njengesimo esiphuthumayo futhi sibonisa:
- ukushisa okuphezulu (kufika ku-42 ° C)
- Isimo esijwayelekile esiphazamiseke kakhulu (ukuntula ukudla, ubuthakathaka, ukunganaki)
- Ukuthambekela ukopha isikhumba nolwelwesi lwamafinyila nge-anemia, i-reticulocytosis, nokuphuma kwe-bilirubin ne-hemoglobin emchameni (umbala onsundu!)
- Ukuphuzi kolwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye ne-sclera (icterus)
- I-Thrombocytopenia isabalalisa i-intravascular coagulation
- ukuphelelwa umoya
- Ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lwamafinyila (ukuphuma emakhaleni, i-stomatitis, i-gastritis, i-hemorrhagic enteritis)
- Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha (myositis) ngokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza
- Ukwandiswa kwe-spleen nesibindi nge-dropsy yesisu (i-ascites) nokwakheka kwe-edema
- ukuquleka kwe-epileptiform
- ukwehluleka kwezinso okukhulu
Uma ingelashwa, ifomu elibukhali cishe liholela ekufeni ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Okungapheliyo :
- ukushintsha ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba
- i-anemia
- ukuqothuka
- ukunganakwa
- ebuthakathakeni
I-subclinical :
- umkhuhlane omncane
- i-anemia
- ukunganaki okuphakathi
Sifo
Uhlobo lokuxilongwa luncike endleleni yesifo.
Ukugula okuyingozi noma ukutheleleka ngaphansi kwamasonto amabili edlule: ukutholwa okuqondile kwe-pathogen ngu-:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuyi-Microscopic kwama-erythrocyte ahlaselwe yi-Babesia: Ama-blood smear azacile (i-Giemsa stain noma i-Diff-Quick) asuka ku-peripheral capillary blood (i-auricle noma ithiphu yomsila) afaneleka kakhulu, njengoba lokhu ngokuvamile kuqukethe inani eliphezulu lamaseli atheleleke nge-pathogen.
- Kungenjalo (ikakhulukazi uma umphumela we-blood smear ungahlanganisi) kusukela ngosuku lwesihlanu ngemva kokutheleleka, i-PCR evela ku-EDTA igazi elinethuba lokuhlukanisa i-pathogen, okungabaluleka ekwelapheni nasekubikezelweni.
Ukugula okungapheli noma ukutheleleka ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili edlule :
Ukuhlolwa kwe-serological kwamasosha omzimba alwa ne-Babesia (IFAT, ELISA), ngaphandle kwasesimeni sesilwane esigonyiwe.
- Babesia canis (I-France strain): ngokuvamile ukukhiqizwa okuphansi kwama-antibody
- Babesia canis (Uhlobo lwaseHungary): imvamisa ukwakheka okuphezulu kwamasosha omzimba
- Babesia vogeli: ngokuvamile ukukhiqizwa okuphansi kwama-antibody
Izifo ezilandelayo ikakhulukazi kufanele zicatshangelwe ku ukuxilongwa okuhlukile:
- I-immunohemolytic anemia (enobuthi, ehlobene nezidakamizwa, noma i-autoimmune)
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- i-anaplasmosis
- I-Ehrlichiosis
- i-mycoplasmosis
therapy
Ukwelashwa kuhlose ukuqeda i-pathogen, ngisho noma lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokugonywa komzimba sibe unyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili. Uma ukugula okuyingozi kudluliselwa esigabeni esingalapheki ngaphandle kwezimpawu zomtholampilo, kuba khona ukuzivikela komzimba impilo yonke futhi isilwane ngokuvamile asisaguli kodwa sisebenza njengomthwali. Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe ngokujulile, ikakhulukazi mayelana nohlobo lwaseHungary lwe Babesia canis, njengoba umkhaza wehlathi we-alluvial ubekela amaqanda angu-3,000 kuya ku-5,000 ngemva kokudla igazi, okuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-10 awo atheleleke nge-Babesia ngokusebenzisa ukudluliselwa kwe-transovarial, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukufa kwesifo esisodwa esisha salolu hlobo lwe-Babesia kufinyelela ku-80%.
I-Hepatozoonosis
I-Hepatozoonosis nayo iyisifo esithathelwanayo esithathelwanayo ezinjeni. Leli gama liyadukisa ngoba lesi sifo asiyona i-zoonosis ngakho-ke asifaki ingozi kubantu.
I-Pathogen kanye Nokusabalala
I-ejenti ye-causative ye-hepatozoonosis I-Hepatozoon canis, i-parasite ye-unicellular evela eqenjini le-coccidia. Ngakho-ke futhi iyingxenye ye-protozoa. I-Hepatozoon canis ekuqaleni livela e-Afrika futhi yethulwa eningizimu yeYurophu ukusuka lapho. Esifundeni saseMedithera, kufika ku-50% wazo zonke izinja eziphila ngokukhululeka zibhekwa njengezifo. Kodwa hhayi inja kuphela engumenzi wezilwane ezincelisayo, kodwa izimpungushe namakati nazo zingabathwali. Kuze kube manje, i-hepatozoonosis ibalwe phakathi kwezifo zokuhamba zakudala. Nokho, ngo-2008, kwatholakala ezinjeni ezimbili eTaunus ezazingakaze zisuke eJalimane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengengxenye yocwaningo mayelana nezimpungushe eThuringia, amaphesenti aphezulu ezimpungushe abe seropositive for I-Hepatozoon iphikisiwe. Umkhaza wenja onsundu yiwona othwala kakhulu. Umkhaza we-hedgehog nawo unikezwe indima ekudluliseni (ikakhulukazi ezimpungushe), kodwa umzila oqondile wokudlulisela awakaziwa lapha.
ukutheleleka
Njengomuntu othwala i-Hepatozoon canis, umkhaza wenja onsundu ungaphila unyaka wonke ezindlini, ezindlini ezifudumalayo, njll. Usondela ngokuzimisela ngakuso futhi udlula kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuthuthuka womkhaza we-egg-larva-nymph-adult ezinyangeni ezintathu nje.
Ukutheleleka nge I-Hepatozoon canis akwenzeki ngokulunywa kodwa ngokumunca ngomlomo (ukugwinya noma ukulunywa) komkhaza. Amagciwane ahamba odongeni lwamathumbu enja futhi aqale ahlasele ama-monocyte, ama-neutrophilic granulocyte, nama-lymphocyte, bese kuba nesibindi, ubende, amaphaphu, imisipha nomnkantsha. Intuthuko, ethatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-80, ihlanganisa izigaba eziningana kokubili kukhizane nasenja futhi iphetha ngokwakhiwa kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi. ama-gamonts e-intraleucocytic. Lezi zisuke zimunywe umkhaza ngesikhathi umunca. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokuthuthukiswa kungaphansi kokuguquguquka kwesizini. Ngokuphambene ne-babesiosis, ukudluliswa kwe-transovarial ye-pathogen kumkhaza akukwazanga ukuboniswa. Ubude besikhathi sokufukamela akwaziwa.
izimpawu
Ezimweni eziningi, ukutheleleka akunamtholampilo noma akunazimpawu, kodwa ezimeni ngazinye, kungabuye kuhambisane nezimpawu ezibucayi, ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezixubile, isb. B. nge-Leishmania, Babesia, noma i-Ehrlichia.
Okumnandi :
- Fever
- Isimo esijwayelekile esiphazamisekile (ukuntula ukudla, ubuthakathaka, ukunganaki)
- ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph node
- kwesisindo
- ukuphuma kwamehlo namakhala
- Uhudo
- i-anemia
Okungapheliyo :
- i-anemia
- mthombosia
- ukuqothuka
- Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha nokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza (i-stiff gait)
- Izinzwa ezimaphakathi nezinzwa ezinesifo sokuwa
Ukwakheka okukhulu kwe γ -ama-globulins nama-immune complexes amakhulu angaholela ekuhlulekeni kwesibindi nezinso.
Sifo
Ukutholwa kwe- i-pathogen kwenzeka ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ezimweni ezinzima nezingamahlalakhona zokugula.
Ukutholwa kwe-pathogen okuqondile :
I-blood smear (i-Giemsa stain, buffy coat smear): Ukutholwa kwama-gamonts njengemizimba emise okwe-capsule kumaseli egazi amhlophe
I-PCR evela egazini le-EDTA
Ukutholwa kwe-pathogen engaqondile: ukunqunywa kwe-antibody titer (IFAT)
Ekuxilongweni okuhlukile, i-anaplasmosis, i-Ehrlichiosis, kanye ne-immunopathy ikakhulukazi kufanele kucatshangelwe.
therapy
Okwamanje alukho ukwelashwa okuphephile ukuqeda i-pathogen. Ukwelashwa ngokuyinhloko kusiza ukunciphisa inkambo yesifo.
ukuvimbela
Okwamanje ayikho i-chemo- noma i-vaccination prophylaxis ethembekile. Abanikazi bezinja kufanele banikezwe amathiphu mayelana nemithi exosha imikhaza. Kodwa-ke, ukuvimbela okuphumelelayo kunzima ngenxa yokungenisa i-pathogen ngokugwinya noma ukuluma umkhaza. Izinja ezihlangana ngqo nesilwane lapho zizingela noma ezicosha izilwane ezifile (zasendle) ezinemikhaza kufanele zibhekwe njengezisengozini kakhulu.
Ukuvikela ngokuvikela imikhaza
Kusetshenziswa izindlela ezimbili ukuvimbela imikhaza:
- Ukuvikela imikhaza (umphumela wokuxosha) ukuze inganamatheli kumsingathi
- Ukubulala imikhaza (umphumela we-acaricidal) ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokunamathiselwa komsingathi
Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene:
- amalungiselelo akhona
- spray
- amakhola
- amaphilisi angahlafunwayo
- amalungiselelo akhona
Lezi zisetshenziswa ngqo esikhumbeni entanyeni yenja uma ijazi lihlukaniswa, futhi endaweni ye-caudal ngemuva ezinja ezinkulu. Isilwane akufanele sikwazi ukukhotha into esebenzayo. Lokhu kusakazeka kumaphuzu okukhulunywe ngawo kuwo wonke umzimba. Inja akufanele ifuywe kulezi zindawo amahora ayisishiyagalombili okuqala (ngakho-ke kutuswa ukuthi isetshenziswe kusihlwa ngaphambi kokuyolala) futhi uma kungenzeka ingabi manzi ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuqala (ukugeza, ukubhukuda, imvula). Isikhathi sokwenza i. dR amasonto amathathu kuya kwamane.
Into esebenzayo equkethwe i-permetrin, i-permetrin derivative, noma i-fipronil. I-Permethrin kanye nokuphuma kwayo kunomphumela we-acaricidal kanye ne-repellent, i-fipronil kuphela i-acaricidal. Okubalulekile: I-Permethrin ne-pyrethroids inobuthi obukhulu emakati, ngakho-ke ngaphansi kwezimo akufanele lawa malungiselelo asetshenziswe kumakati. Uma izinja namakati behlala endlini eyodwa, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ikati alixhumani nenja ephathwa nge-permethrin/pyrethroid kuze kube yilapho into esebenzayo imuncwa ngokuphelele. I-Permethrin ne-fipronil nazo ziwubuthi ezilwaneni zasemanzini kanye nezilwane ezingenamgogodla.
spray
Izifutho zifuthwa kuwo wonke umzimba futhi zibe nomthelela ofanayo ekulungiseleleni ama-spo-on, kodwa ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa. Emizini enezingane noma amakati futhi kuye ngesithako esisebenzayo, kunalokho awafanelekile. Ngakho-ke azinakwa kulelithebula elingezansi.
amakhola
Amakholomu kufanele agqokwe yinja ngaso sonke isikhathi. Zidedela isithako sazo esisebenzayo eboyeni benja kuze kube yizinyanga ezimbalwa. Ukuthintana kwabantu okujulile nekhola kufanele kugwenywe. Ububi ukuthi inja enokhololo lomkhaza ingabanjwa esikhotheni. Ngakho-ke, izinja zokuzingela akufanele zigqoke kangcono ikhola enjalo. Ukhololo kufanele lukhishwe lapho ugeza futhi ubhukuda, futhi inja akufanele ivunyelwe ukungena emanzini okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu ngemva kokuyigqoka okokuqala.
amaphilisi angahlafunwayo
Amaphilisi avumela ukuthintana ngqo nesilwane, kanye nokugeza nokubhukuda ngokushesha ngemva kokusetshenziswa. Ukuphatha ngokuvamile akunankinga. Kodwa-ke, umkhaza kuqala kufanele uzinamathisele kumsingathi futhi umunce into esebenzayo ngesikhathi sokudla kwegazi ukuze ubulawe ngemva kwamahora ayishumi nambili. Ngakho-ke awukho umphumela wokuxosha.
Uhlolojikelele lwamalungiselelo akhona, amaphilisi ahlafunwayo, namakholola asemakethe njengamanje angatholakala ngezansi kuthebula elilandekayo.
Imithi exosha imikhaza kufanele isetshenziswe phakathi nenkathi yomikhaza noma unyaka ezindaweni ezisengozini enkulu yezifo ezithwalwa imikhaza. Empeleni, kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ezilwaneni ezinempilo. Amanye amalungiselelo nawo alungele ukusetshenziswa kuma-bitches akhulelwe nasancelisa kanye nemidlwane. Uma unezifo zesikhumba noma ukulimala kwesikhumba, kufanele ugweme ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwendawo.
Ukwengeza, ngemva kokuhamba ngakunye, ukuhlola kahle ijazi nokususwa okuphelele kwawo wonke amakhizane atholakele kubalulekile. Lokhu kungenziwa nge-tweezer yokumaka, ikhadi, noma ithuluzi elifanayo.
Ezimweni ezingazodwana, abanikazi bezinja babika okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle ngokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle noma kwangaphakathi kwamafutha kakhukhunathi, uwoyela we-cumin omnyama, i-cistus (i-Cistus incanus), imvubelo yotshwala, u-garlic, noma ukufutha ngezingxube zamafutha abalulekile. Kodwa-ke, umphumela ofakazelwe awukwazi ukuthi uhlobene nalezi zinyathelo, kancane nje njengemigexo ye-amber noma ama-collar pendants anolwazi ngomdlandla. Ukwengeza, amanye amafutha abalulekile ayacasula futhi igalikhi ingaba yingozi.
I-prophylaxis yokuziphatha
Ama-biotopes amakhizane awaziwayo kufanele agwenywe ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinja akufanele zithathwe ohambweni oluya ezindaweni ezisengozini ngezikhathi zobungozi.
Umbuzo Ovame Ukubuzwa
Izinja ezine-hepatozoonosis ziba neminyaka emingaki?
Isikhathi sokuphila ku-hepatozoonosis
Lokho kuncike emandleni okuzivikela enja ethelelekile, ubudala, ukugula okugulayo, nokuthi ukwelapha kuqalwa ngokushesha kangakanani. Uma lesi sifo saziwa ngokushesha futhi ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngokushesha, amathuba okululama mahle.
I-babesiosis isakazwa kanjani?
ukudluliswa kwe-babesiosis
I-Babesiosis ibangelwa i-protozoa esakazwa ukulunywa kwemikhaza. Umkhaza kufanele uncele okungenani amahora ayishumi nambili ukuze ukutheleleka kuphumelele.
Ingabe i-babesiosis iyathelelwana isuka enjeni iye enjeni?
Kuyaqabukela, futhi ingadluliselwa isuka enjeni iye enja ngokulunywa noma esibelethweni somdlwane. Omunye umthombo wokutheleleka kungaba ukumpontshelwa igazi elinegciwane. Kuhle ukwazi: Amagciwane adala i-babesiosis ezinjeni awakwazi ukudluliselwa kubantu.
Ingabe i-babesiosis ingadluliselwa kubantu?
I-Babesiosis ibizwa ngokuthi i-zoonosis - isifo sezilwane esingadluliselwa kubantu. Amakhizane asebenza njengabasingathi abaphakathi angadlulisela i-babesiosis kubantu. Lesi sifo asivamile kakhulu eJalimane.
Ingabe i-hepatozonosis iyathathelwana?
Abangane abanemilenze emine abakwazi ukuthelela abantu noma ezinye izilwane ngqo nge-hepatozoonosis.
Kwenzekani uma inja idla umkhaza?
Lapho izinja zidla umkhaza, ezimweni ezingavamile, zingadlulisela isifo seLyme, i-hepatozoonosis, ne-anaplasmosis. Ukutheleleka nge-babesiosis, i-Ehrlichiosis, ne-encephalitis ephethwe umkhaza nakho kungenzeka. Izindaba ezinhle? Ukudla umkhaza akuyingozi kakhulu kunokulunywa umkhaza.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi imikhaza idlulisele izifo ezinjeni?
Imikhaza kuphela engadlulisela i-Borrelia enjeni, ukutheleleka ngenye inja cishe akunakwenzeka. Ekuqaleni ngemva kwamahora angu-16, ezimweni eziningi ngemva kwamahora angu-24 kuphela, i-Borrelia idluliswa isuka kumkhaza iye enjeni.
Isifo seLyme sizithinta kanjani izinja?
Inja ephethwe isifo iLyme ingase ibonise lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: Imfiva encane nokukhathala. ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph node. Ukuvuvukala kwamalunga kanye nokukhubazeka ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwamalunga (arthropathies).