UMary Allen
Ama-stingray amanzi ahlanzekile asatshwa kakhulu kunama-piranha eNingizimu Melika: angabangela ukulimala okubuhlungu ngezintinyelo zawo ezinobuthi!
Izici
Abukeka kanjani ama-stingray emanzini?
Ama-stingrays amanzi ahlanzekile, njengoba negama lawo libonisa, izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile. Njengoshaka, bangawezinhlanzi okuthiwa yi-cartilaginous. Lezi izinhlanzi zakudala ezingenawo uhlaka lwamathambo kodwa olwakhiwe ngoqwanga. Ama-stingrays emanzini acishe abe yindilinga futhi ayisicaba. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, umzimba wabo unobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-25 ukuya cishe kumitha elilodwa.
I-Leopold stingray, isibonelo, inobubanzi obuyisilinganiso esingamasentimitha angu-40, abesifazane bangaba ngamasentimitha angu-50 ubude. Kusukela emlonyeni kuya esihlokweni somsila, ama-stingrays amanzi ahlanzekile afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-90. Amaduna e-stingray yamanzi ahlanzekile ahluka kwabesifazane nge-appendage ngemuva kokuvuleka kwesitho sangasese, esingekho kwabesifazane.
Kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane baphatha umsila ekugcineni komzimba wabo onomgogodla onesihlungu esingamasentimitha amathathu ubude obuwa njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa bese uthathelwa indawo umgogodla omusha, okhula kabusha. Isikhumba sama-stingray samanzi ahlanzekile simaholo futhi sizwakala njenge-sandpaper. Lokhu kuvela ezikalini ezincane esikhumbeni, ezibizwa nangokuthi ama-placoid scales. Njengamazinyo, aqukethe i-dentin ne-koqweqwe lwawo.
Ama-stingrays amanzi ahlanzekile anemibala ehlukene. I-stingray ka-Leopold inomzimba ongaphezulu oluhlaza okotshani omnqumo ukuya kompunga-nsumpa onamabala amhlophe, aphuzi, noma awolintshi anemingcele emnyama.
Nokho, umsebe unombala okhanyayo ohlangothini lwesisu. Phezulu ekhanda kukhona amehlo aphakanyisiwe, angahlehliswa futhi. Ama-stingrays amanzi ahlanzekile angabona kahle kakhulu ngisho nalapho ukukhanya kufiphele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amehlo azo, njengamehlo amakati, analokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-residual light intensifiers. Umlomo, amakhala, nezimbobo zegill kungaphansi komzimba.
Kodwa-ke, njengendlela ekhethekile yokuzivumelanisa nokuphila emanzini nasodakeni, banokuvuleka okwengeziwe kokuphefumula: Ngaphezu kwama-gill, banakho okuthiwa i-spray hole ngemuva kwamehlo phezulu kwekhanda. ukuze bakwazi ukumunca amanzi aphefumulayo angenalo udaka nesihlabathi. Amazinyo emisebe akhula emuva kukho konke ukuphila kwabo; lokhu kusho ukuthi amazinyo amadala, agugile ahlala eshintshwa kwafakwa amasha.
Ahlala kuphi ama-stingrays emanzini?
Ama-stingray amanzi ahlanzekile atholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika. Kodwa-ke, i-stingray kaLeopold itholakala kuphela eBrazil, isibonelo, endaweni encane futhi ayivelakancane kakhulu: itholakala kuphela emifuleni iXingu kanye neFresco. Ama-stingrays ahlala emanzini amakhulu aseNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi e-Orinoco nase-Amazon.
Yiziphi ama-stingrays amanzi ahlanzekile akhona?
Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-500 ezahlukene zemisebe emhlabeni, iningi lazo lihlala olwandle, okungukuthi emanzini anosawoti. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-28 ezihlukene emndenini wama-stingray emanzini, atholakala kuphela emanzini angenasawoti. I-Leopold stingray iwuhlobo okuthiwa yi-endemic, okusho ukuthi ivela kuphela endaweni encane kakhulu, echaziwe yokusabalalisa.
Olunye uhlobo, i-stingray enamehlo epikoko ehlobene eduze, inohlu olukhudlwana. Kwenzeka ezindaweni ezinkulu emifuleni emikhulu njenge-Orinoco, i-Amazon, neLa Plata. Lolu hlobo luvamise ukuba nombala wesisekelo okhanyayo futhi likhulu kune-stingray ka-Leopold. Ngokuya ngesifunda, izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 ezinemibala ehlukene ye-stingray enamehlo epikoko zaziwa.
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Ahlala kanjani ama-stingray emanzini?
Akukho okuningi okwaziwayo mayelana nama-stingrays emanzini. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-Leopold stingray, zaziwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukene kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1990. Abacwaningi abazi nokuthi bayasebenza yini emini noma ebusuku.
Bazigqibe odakeni phansi komfula ukuze balale. Lapho ziphaphama, zibhuquza phansi ukuze zifune ukudla. Azibhukudi ngokukhululekile emanzini, yingakho ungavamile ukuzibona emvelweni - noma kuphela isithombe esicishe sibe isiyingi esisishiya phansi lapho zishiya izindawo zazo zokulala.
ENingizimu Melika, ama-stingray amanzi ahlanzekile asatshwa kakhulu kunama-piranha: lapho abantu benyathela ngephutha emisebeni ecashe ngaphansi kwemifula. Ukuze izivikele, izinhlanzi zibe sezigwaza ngodosi lwayo olunobuthi: amanxeba abuhlungu kakhulu futhi alulama kakhulu. Ubuthi bungabulala nasezinganeni ezincane.
Ukuze bagweme izingozi ezinjalo, abantu baseNingizimu Melika baye bahlakulela iqhinga: lapho bewela usebe lwesihlabathi emanzini angashoni, bashuquliza izinyathelo zabo esihlabathini: baqhuma kuphela ohlangothini lomsebe ngonyawo lwabo, olubese lubhukuda ngokushesha.
Abangane kanye nezitha zama-stingrays amanzi ahlanzekile
Njengoba ama-stingray amanzi ahlanzekile afana ne-Leopold stingray ehlala ecashe kakhulu futhi ekwazi ukuzivikela kahle ngenxa yezintinyeli zawo ezinobuthi, awanazo izitha zemvelo. Ngokuvamile, imisebe emincane iba isisulu sezinye izinhlanzi ezidla ezinye. Nokho, ziyazingelwa futhi zidliwe abantu bendawo, futhi zibanjelwa ukuhweba ngezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa.
Azala kanjani ama-stingray amanzi ahlanzekile?
Ama-stingrays amanzi ahlanzekile azala ukuhlala esemncane. Ezinsikazi zivuthwa ngokobulili lapho zineminyaka emibili kuya kwemine ubudala. Ukufometha, okungathatha imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30, izilwane zilala ngesisu kuya esiswini.
Ezinyangeni ezintathu kamuva, ezinsikazi zizala izingane ezifika eshumini nambili, ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayisithupha kuya kwayi-17. Imisebe yezingane isivele ikhule ngokugcwele futhi izimele ngokuphelele. Nokho, kukholakala ukuthi zihlala ziseduze nonina ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ukuze zizivikele ezilwaneni ezizingelayo.
Zizingela kanjani ama-stingrays emanzini?
Ama-stingrays emanzini ayizinhlanzi ezidla inyama. Amaphiko e-pectoral anjenge-fringe, okuhlala kuwo izitho zezinzwa, ahlala eceleni komzimba. Yile ndlela ababona ngayo isisulu sabo. Lapho nje zithinta inyamazane ngamaphiko azo e-pectoral, ziyasabela futhi ziyise emlonyeni wazo. Babeka umzimba wabo wonke phezu kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu bese beshaya amaphiko abo e-pectoral phansi ukuze bazibambe endaweni.