Elephant

Izindlovu ziyizilwane ezincelisayo zasemhlabeni ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Ama-pachyderm athakazelisa abantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka ngobuhlakani babo kanye nemvelo ebucayi.

Izici

Zibukeka kanjani izindlovu?

Izindlovu ziyingxenye ye-Proboscidea futhi zakha umndeni wezindlovu. Okufanayo okufanayo ukuma okujwayelekile: Umzimba onamandla, izindlebe ezinkulu, nesiqu eside kanye nemilenze emine eyikholomu, ematheni ayo enziwe ngamaphedi aminyene. Zisebenza njengama- shock absorbers futhi ngaleyo ndlela zisize ukuthwala isisindo esikhulu kakhulu sezilwane.

Izindlovu zase-Asia zingakhula zibe amamitha amathathu ubude, zibe nesisindo esingamathani amahlanu, futhi zilinganise phakathi kwamamitha amahlanu nesithupha nesigamu ukusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni. Umsila ukhula ube yimitha elilodwa nesigamu ubude. Igcina iyintshakaza yoboya. Zijwayele ukuba nezinzwane ezinhlanu ezinyaweni zazo zangaphambili nezine ezinyaweni zazo zangemuva.

Izindlovu zase-Afrika zingafinyelela ubude obufika ku-3.20 wamamitha, zinesisindo esingamathani amahlanu, futhi zingamamitha ayisithupha kuya kwayisikhombisa ubude. Umsila ukala cishe imitha. Zinezinzwani ezine ezinyaweni zazo zangaphambili kanye nezithathu kuphela ezinyaweni zazo zangemuva. Izindlovu zasehlathini ziyizinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke: zifinyelela kuphela amamitha angu-2.40 ubude. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo, ezinsikazi zincane kuneziduna.

Ama-incisors omhlathi ongenhla aguqulwe abe amazinyo ajwayelekile. Izinkunzi zezindlovu zase-Afrika zingaba ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu ubude futhi zibe nesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angu-200. Amazinyo ezindlovu zesifazane zase-Afrika mancane kakhulu. Endabeni yendlovu yase-Asia, abesilisa kuphela abanamazinyo.

Esinye isici esihlukanisayo izindlebe: Zinkulu kakhulu ezindlovuni zase-Afrika kunezihlobo zazo zase-Asia futhi zingakhula zibe amamitha amabili ubude.

Iziqu azifani futhi: Izindlovu zase-Asia zinemisipha eyodwa kuphela efana nomunwe embokweni ezingakwazi ukubamba ngayo, izindlovu zase-Afrika zinemibili. Laba babhekane ekugcineni kwesiqu.

Isikhumba sendlovu siwugqinsi esingafika kumasentimitha amathathu, kodwa sisazwela kakhulu. Ezinganeni zezindlovu, inoboya obuminyene. Lapho izilwane ziba zinkulu, zilahlekelwa izinwele kakhulu. Izilwane ezindala zinezinwele kuphela emehlweni azo futhi ekugcineni kwemisila yazo.

Zihlala kuphi izindlovu?

Namuhla, izindlovu zase-Afrika zitholakala ikakhulukazi eningizimu ye-Afrika, izindlovu zasehlathini eCongo Basin. Izindlovu zasendle zase-Asia zisahlala ngamanani amancane eNdiya, eThailand, eBurma nasezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Indonesia.

Izindlovu zase-Afrika zifuduka emathafeni nasezinkangala zase-Afrika, kanti izindlovu zasehlathini - njengoba igama lazo lisho - ikakhulukazi zihlala emahlathini aseNtshonalanga Afrika. Izindlovu zase-Asia ziyivelakancane kakhulu endle: Zitholakala kakhulu ezindaweni zasehlathini.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezindlovu ezikhona?

Izinhlobo ezintathu zezindlovu zaziwa namuhla: indlovu yase-Asia (Elephas maximus), indlovu yase-Afrika (Loxodonta africana), kanye nendlovu yasehlathini (Loxodonta cyclotis), okwase kuyisikhathi eside ibhekwa njengezinhlobo zendlovu yase-Afrika.

Abanye abacwaningi baphinde bahlukanise indlovu yase-Asia ibe yizinhlobo ezimbalwa.

Ziba neminyaka emingaki izindlovu?

Izindlovu ziphila iminyaka eminingi: zingaphila iminyaka engama-60. Izilwane ngazinye ziphila zize zibe neminyaka engama-70 ubudala.

Behave

Ziphila kanjani izindlovu?

Izindlovu ziphakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlakaniphe kakhulu. Ziyizilwane ezihlanzekile ezihlala ndawonye izizukulwane ngezizukulwane.

Izilwane ezingama-20 kuya kwezingama-30 zihlala eqenjini, elivame ukuholwa yinsikazi endala, i-matriarch. Uthatha umhlambi awuyise ezindaweni ezingcono kakhulu zokuphakela nokuphuzisa.

Izindlovu zaziwa ngokuziphatha kwazo komphakathi: umhlambi uvikela amazinyane ndawonye, ​​“o-anti bezindlovu” nabo banakekela abancane bezinye ezinsikazi ngokuzinikela okukhulu. Izilwane ezilimele noma ezindala nazo zijabulela ukuvikeleka nokunakekelwa komhlambi. Izindlovu zibonakala zikhala ngokufa kohlobo lwazo. Ngenxa yenkumbulo yabo enhle kakhulu, abakwazi nje kuphela ukuthi ubani ongowemihlambi, kodwa basakwazi ukukhumbula abahlukumezi noma abantu abenza okuthile kubo ngemva kweminyaka ethile.

Izindlovu zamaduna esezikhulile azihlali nomhlambi futhi zihlangana nezinsikazi ukuze zihlangane kuphela. Amaduna amancane kufanele ashiye umhlambi lapho eseneminyaka eyi-15 bese eqala ukuhlala ndawonye “ngamaqembu ama-bachelor” ajwayelekile. Izinkunzi ezindala zivame ukuba ngabangane abangabekezeleleki futhi zihamba zodwa.

Izinkunzi zezindlovu nazo zivame ukungena kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi “kufanele”: Lokhu kuholela ekushintsheni kwamahomoni ekuziphatheni futhi izilwane zingaba nolaka kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi. Nokho, i-Must ayihlangene nokuzimisela kwezilwane ukukhwelana, umsebenzi wayo awukacaciswa.

Isici esijwayelekile sazo zonke izindlovu ezisesihlahleni, esavela emlonyeni ongaphezulu nasekhaleni: sinezinkulungwane zemisipha ehlukene ehlelwe eduze kwamakhala amabili.

I-trunk iyithuluzi eliguquguqukayo: yebo, isetshenziselwa ukuphefumula. Izilwane ziyiphakamisela phezulu emoyeni ukuze ziyihogele. Kodwa-ke, izindlovu zinhle kakhulu ekubambeni imiboko yazo futhi zikha amaqabunga namagatsha ezihlahleni ukusuka ekuphakameni okungafika kumamitha ayisikhombisa. Futhi ngenxa yentshebe ezwelayo esihlokweni seziqu zazo, izindlovu zikwazi ukuzwa futhi zithinte kahle kakhulu ngemiboko yazo.

Ukuze baphuze, bamunca amalitha amaningana amanzi angaba ngamasentimitha angu-40 ukuphakama, bavale isiphetho sabo ngeminwe ye-probosci bese becwilisa amanzi emilonyeni yabo.

Ngenxa yokuthi izindlovu zinendawo encane yomzimba maqondana nesisindo somzimba wazo, zingakhipha ukushisa okuncane kuphela. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, banezindlebe ezinkulu kakhulu, ezihlinzekwa kahle ngegazi futhi ezingakwazi ukulawula ukushisa komzimba wabo.

Uma zinyakazisa izindlebe zazo - okungukuthi zibhakuzise - zikhipha ukushisa komzimba. Izindlovu nazo ziyakuthanda ukugeza nokuzithela ngamanzi: ukugeza okupholile kuzisiza futhi ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo lapho kushisa.

Imihlambi yezindlovu zasendle ngezinye izikhathi ihamba amabanga amade ukuze ithole ukudla okwanele. Ngokuvamile basuke bekhululekile ohambeni: Baqwala izintaba nama-savannas namahlathi cishe amakhilomitha amahlanu ngehora. Nokho, lapho besongelwa, bangahamba ngesivinini esingaba amakhilomitha angu-40 ngehora.

Abangane nezitha zezindlovu

Izindlovu ezindala zinezitha ezimbalwa embusweni wezilwane. Nokho, uma zizizwa zisongelwa noma uma amazinyane azo esengozini, zihlasela izimbangi zazo: zivule izindlebe zazo futhi ziphakamise iziqu zazo. Bese begoqa iziqu zabo, bagijimele abamelene nabo bebhekise amakhanda phansi, futhi bamane babagaxe ngemizimba yabo emikhulu.

Izindlovu zezinkunzi nazo ngezinye izikhathi zilwa zodwa, zigijimelana futhi zidudulana. Lezi zimpi zingaba zishube kangangoba kugqashuka ngisho izimpondo.

Zizala kanjani izindlovu?

Izindlovu zingakhwelana unyaka wonke. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa side kakhulu: indlovu yesifazane izala kuphela amaphuphu ayo eminyakeni emibili ngemva kokukhwelana.

Inesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-100 lapho izalwa futhi iyimitha ubude. Ngemva nje kokuzalwa, izinsana zezindlovu zigibela ezinyaweni zazo, zisekelwe umboko kanina. Bangakwazi ukuhamba amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu kamuva. Ekuqaleni, inkonyane ithola ubisi lukanina kuphela: Ukwenza lokhu, incela imibele kamama phakathi kwemilenze yangaphambili ngomlomo wayo. Kancane kancane, abancane baqala ukukha utshani ngeziqu zabo.

Kusukela eneminyaka emibili, ingane yendlovu idla ukudla kwezitshalo kuphela. Amazinyo aqala ukukhula kuphela phakathi neminyaka yokuqala neyesithathu yokuphila. Izindlovu zikhule ngokugcwele kuphela phakathi kweminyaka eyi-12 nengama-20 futhi yilapho kuphela lapho zivuthwa khona ngokocansi. Indlovu yensikazi ingazala amaphuphu afinyelela kwayishumi phakathi nokuphila kwayo.

Izindlovu zixhumana kanjani?

Izindlovu zixhumana zodwa ngokuyinhloko ngemisindo. Lapho bebhekene nengozi nokucindezeleka, bashaya icilongo kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile zixhumana zisebenzisa imisindo ephansi kakhulu eyaziwa ngokuthi i-infrasound. Akazwakali ezindlebeni zethu. Izindlovu ziyakwazi “ukuxoxa” zodwa ngamakhilomitha amaningi. Ukuthintana nekhala, ukuhogelana, nokuthinta nakho kuyasetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni.