Unodoli

Amahlengethwa ahlala ehlaba umxhwele abantu: ezikhathini zasendulo, izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezihlakaniphile zazibhekwa njengezingcwele.

Izici

Abukeka kanjani amahlengethwa?

Amahlengethwa awazona izinhlanzi kodwa izilwane ezincelisayo. Zingabohlelo lwemikhomo, lapho zingaphansi kwemikhomo enamazinyo, kanye nomndeni wamahlengethwa. Okhokho babo babeyizilwane ezincelisayo zasemhlabeni ezashintsha zabuyela ekuphileni kwasemanzini ezigidini zeminyaka edlule.

Amahlengethwa anemizimba ehlelekile, ewenza abe ababhukudi abaphelele. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, ziphakathi kwamamitha angu-1.5 no-XNUMX ubude. Amahlengethwa amakhulu kunawo wonke, imikhomo ebulalayo, aze afinyelele ubude obungamamitha ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye. Amahlengethwa anephiko elingunxantathu lomhlana, iphiko, amaphiko amabili angaphambili, amaphiko, kanye nephiko elimise okwe-caudal, elibizwa ngokuthi i-fluke. Imihlathi yamahlengethwa yakhiwe yaba ikhala elimise okoqhwaku, ende.

Banamaqhuqhuva afana ne-hump emakhanda abo: ikhabe. Lesi yisitho esikhethekile esivumela amahlengethwa ukuthi aziqondise ngosizo lwemisindo ye-echo. Imbobo yokuphefumula izilwane eziphefumula ngayo iphezu kwekhanda.

Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, amahlengethwa anemibala ehlukahlukene empunga. Uhlangothi olungenhla luvame ukuba mnyama kunohlangothi lwe-ventral. Amahlengethwa anobuchopho obukhulu kakhulu, yingakho ebhekwa njengezilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu. Izinzwa zabo zokuzwa nokuhogela zithuthukiswe kahle kakhulu.

I-Bottlenose dolphin ingenye yezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zamahlengethwa. Zingamamitha amabili kuya kwamane ubude futhi zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-150 kuya ku-200. Zimpunga ngokumnyama ngemuva, zikhanya kancane emaceleni, futhi zicishe zibe mhlophe esiswini. Isimo sakhe sobuso esibonakala sengathi "emamatheka" sijwayelekile. Amahlengethwa omfula akha umndeni omkhulu owawo. Ahluke kakhulu kumahlengethwa angempela kwezinye izici. Isibonelo, bangabona kabi kakhulu.

Kodwa bangakwazi ukuzijwayeza kangcono ngesistimu yabo ye-echolocation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhala lawo wonke amahlengethwa omfula lide kakhulu kunalawo asolwandle. Ihlengethwa lomfula elikhulu kunawo wonke yihlengethwa lomfula i-Amazon: likhula lize lifike kumamitha amathathu ubude futhi linesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-3.

Ahlala kuphi amahlengethwa?

Amahlengethwa atholakala cishe kuzo zonke izilwandle emhlabeni. Nokho, uhlobo ngalunye lunezindawo zokusabalalisa ezihluke kakhulu. Abanye bahlala ezindaweni ezinkulu zasolwandle, abanye, njengehlengethwa lasedusky, kuphela ogwini lwaseNingizimu Melika naseNingizimu Afrika. Ihlengethwa le-bottlenose litholakala emhlabeni wonke olwandle olunesimo sezulu esipholile nasolwandle olushisayo, kanye nasezilwandle ezimaphakathi nezwe ezifana neMedithera kanye noLwandle Olumnyama.

Amahlengethwa omfula ahlukile: ahlala emifuleni kuphela. Amahlengethwa ahlala emanzini asogwini nasezilwandle eziphakeme. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amahlengethwa omfula ahlala ezimisweni zemifula enodaka, ewudaka ezindaweni ezishisayo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamahlengethwa akhona?

Ingqikithi yezinhlobo ezingama-26 ziyingxenye yomndeni wamahlengethwa. Ngaphezu kwehlengethwa le-bottlenose, ezinye izinhlobo zaziwa kakhulu: Ihlengethwa elivamile, ihlengethwa elinezinhlangothi ezimhlophe, ihlengethwa elizacile, ihlengethwa eliyisipina, nehlengethwa elinamabala. Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zamahlengethwa omfula. Aqanjwe kakhulu ngamagama emifula ahlala kuyo:

Ihlengethwa lasemfuleni i-Amazon lidabuka emfuleni i-Amazon kanye ne-Orinoco. Ihlengethwa laseLa Plata lihlala emachwebeni nangaseceleni kogu lwaseBrazil nase-Argentina. Ihlengethwa laseGanges lidabuka eNdiya naseBangladesh eGanges, ezimisweni zemifula iBrahmaputra, neKarnaphali, ihlengethwa lomfula i-Indus ukuya e-Indus, kanye nehlengethwa lasemfuleni waseShayina elifinyelela emaphethelweni aphansi oMfula iYangtze.

Amahlengethwa aneminyaka emingaki?

Isikhathi sokuphila sezinhlobo ezahlukene zamahlengethwa siyahlukahluka. Akwaziwa ngezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amahlengethwa e-bottlenose angaguga kakhulu: izilwane zifinyelela iminyaka engaba ngu-37.

Behave

Aphila kanjani amahlengethwa?

Amahlengethwa ayizilwane ezihlala nabantu. Bahlala ndawonye ngamaqembu abizwa ngokuthi izikole. Lokho kungaba izilwane eziyi-100 nangaphezulu. Nokho, izilwane ezifanayo azihlali ndawonye ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwenzeka ukuthi baphinde bashintshe phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene. Noma kunjalo, amahlengethwa amaningi anobuhlobo obuseduze namanye amahlengethwa. Lokhu kubonakala nangeqiniso lokuthi bazama ukusiza amalungu agulayo nalimele ohlobo lwawo.

I-pod yamahlengethwa ihamba ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha ayisithupha ngehora. Uma amahlengethwa edlala noma ejahwa, abhukuda amakhilomitha angama-25 ngehora. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, bangamakhilomitha angama-80 kuye kwangama-90 ngehora. Zivame ukugxumela emanzini noma zilandele imikhumbi ukuze zigibele amaza azo.

Amahlengethwa nawo anekhono lokutshuza emanzini: lapho ezingela, atshuza afinyelele kumamitha angama-300 ukushona futhi angahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu eyi-15. Ezinye izinhlobo zingatshuza zijule ngamamitha angama-600. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi ziyizilwane ezincelisayo, kudingeka zize njalo phezu kwamanzi ukuze ziphefumule.

Amahlengethwa anohlelo lwe-echolocation alusebenzisa ukuze akhiphe imisindo ye-ultrasonic. Lokhu kuchofoza kunanelwa yizithiyo emanzini, njengezinhlanzi ezizingelayo, futhi ziphinde zithathwe amahlengethwa. Kusukela ohlotsheni lwe-echo, izilwane zingasho ngokuqondile ukuthi kukhona yini inyamazane noma izithiyo emanzini.

Kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngempilo yamahlengethwa omfula. Ngokwengxenye lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunzima ukuwabona emanzini adungekile asendaweni yawo. Nokho, okwaziwayo ukuthi awakaze agxume aphume emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zivame ukubhukuda zilele ngohlangothi emanzini. Baphenya phansi komfula ngezimpiko zabo. Amahlengethwa asemfuleni i-Amazon nawo ajwayele ukubhukuda emhlane wawo.

Abangane nezitha zamahlengethwa

Amahlengethwa angaba yizisulu zomkhomo obulalayo, esinye sezihlobo zawo. Kodwa izilwane zohlobo olufanayo nazo zingaba yingozi: uma amahlengethwa ehlangana nabantu angabazi abangeyona ingxenye yeqembu lawo futhi angabazi, ayawaxosha noma aze awahlasele.

Azala kanjani amahlengethwa?

Amahlengethwa azala ingane eyodwa kuphela ngesikhathi. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sihluka kakhulu kusuka kwezinhlobo nezinhlobo. Amahlengethwa e-Bottlenose, isibonelo, ahlangana kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla. Ngemva kwesikhathi sokukhulelwa esiyizinyanga eziyi-12, kuzalwa ingane eseyingamasentimitha ayi-100 kuya kwangu-130 ubude.

Izingane zincelwa ngumama izinyanga ezingu-18. Nakuba izilwane zivuthwa ngokocansi lapho zineminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi nambili, zizalana kuphela lapho zineminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye kuya kweyi-13. Amahlengethwa angama-bottlenose esifazane azala ingane kuphela eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu.