UMary Allen
Izinja zinesimo sobuso esisheshayo kunezimpisi - lokhu manje sekufakazelwe ngokwemvelo. Abantu bakhetha izilwane ezibuso bazo bushesha njengabo.
Izinja ezicwilisiwe, izinja ezihlwitha ngenjabulo, izinja ezicwayiza ikhamera ngaphansi kwamanzi, noma izithombe ezinobuntu zezinja ngazinye: amakhalenda nezincwadi ezinemifanekiso ezibonisa ubuso “bomngane omkhulu” womuntu onemilenze emine ezimweni ezihlukahlukene ezinokwethenjelwa. impumelelo yokuthengisa. Ngemuva kokuthatheka kwabantu ngobuso bezinja mhlawumbe ukuxhumana okuyingqayizivele phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili. Iqiniso lokuthi abantu nezinja bavame ukubukana ebusweni futhi baxhumane kusetshenziswa isimo sobuso lehlukanisa ubuhlobo babo kulobo phakathi kwabantu nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo.
Izintambo ezi-Nimble zigcwele
Ukubaluleka kwezimpawu zobuso be-canine kanye nokuvela kwazo ngesikhathi sokufuywa kwasekhaya kuye kwaba yisihloko sezifundo ezihlukahlukene. U-Anne Burrows no-Kailey Olmstead base-Duquesne University e-Pennsylvania manje sebengeza ucezu olusha ku-puzzle. Isazi sezinto eziphilayo kanye nesazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo u-Burrows kanye nesazi sokusebenza kwezilwane u-Omstead baqhathanise ingxenye yokunensa (“i-slow-twitch”, Uhlobo I) kanye nemisipha esheshayo (“i-fast-twitch”, Uhlobo II) emisipha emibili yobuso yezinja, izimpisi, nabantu. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Immunohistochemical kwamasampula asuka ku-orbicularis oris muscle kanye ne-zygomaticus enkulu - yomibili imisipha yomlomo - yembula ukuthi imicu "esheshayo" emisipha ezinjeni ihlanganisa amaphesenti angu-66 kuya kwangu-95, kanti ingxenye yawokhokho bazo, izimpisi, zafinyelela isilinganiso samaphesenti angu-25 kuphela.
Ukwakheka kwefiber yemisipha ebusweni benja kufana nokwakheka kwemisipha yobuso bomuntu. U-Burrows no-Olmstead baphetha ngokuthi phakathi nenqubo yokufuywa ekhaya, abantu bakhetha abantu abanobuso obusheshayo ngokuqaphela noma bengazi.
I-Anatomy "yokubukeka kwenja"
Kodwa-ke, okhokho bempisi base benezimfuneko ezithile zokubukeka kobuso obuncane ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezingenazo - lokhu kuboniswe yiqembu eliholwa nguBurrows ngo-2020 kumagazini onguchwepheshe "Irekhodi Le-Anatomical". Ngokuphambene namakati, izinja, nezimpisi, ngakho-ke, zinongqimba oluzwakala kakhulu lwezicubu ezixhumene phakathi kwemisipha yobuso nesikhumba. Abantu futhi bane-fiber layer, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-SMAS (uhlelo lwe-superficial musculoaponeurotic). Ngaphezu kwemisipha yangempela yokulingisa, kubhekwa njengento enqumayo yokuhamba okuphezulu kobuso bomuntu futhi kungase futhi kube negalelo ekulingiseni ukuguquguquka ezinjeni.
Ukushicilelwa kwe-Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, lapho iqembu elizungeze i-Burrows lachaza khona ngo-2019 ukuthi izinja zinemisipha eqinile yokukhulisa ingxenye emaphakathi yeshiya kunezimpisi, kwasakazwa kakhulu kwabezindaba. Lokhu kudala "ukubukeka kwenja" okuvamile okubangela ukuziphatha okukhathalelayo kubantu.
Umbuzo Ovame Ukubuzwa
Kusho ukuthini ukubukeka kwenja?
Ochwepheshe bezokuziphendukela kwemvelo bakhuluma ngengcindezi yokukhetha edale ukubukeka kwenja okuvamile: Abantu cishe babenakekela izinja ezazinokubukeka okudabukisa inhliziyo kaningi futhi ngokujulile, ngakho zazikhethwa. Futhi ngakho imisipha yeshiya ibanjwe njengenzuzo yokusinda.
Ibukeka kanjani inja?
Abacwaningi basola ukuthi lezi zakhula zaba izinja ezifuywayo ngesikhathi sokuthambisa izimpisi. Ukubukeka kwenja okuvamile kwenza izilwane zibukeke njengezingane. Futhi, zifana nomuntu odabukile, okubangela imvelo yokuzivikela kubantu.
Kungani izinja zinamashiya?
Amashiya ayindlela ebalulekile yokuxhumana futhi izinja zikufake ngaphakathi lokho. Thina, bantu, sixhumana nezinja kakhulu ngokubukeka. Lapho inja ilahlekile, ibheka umuntu emehlweni, phezulu kweso ukuze iqonde.
Inja ibona kanjani?
Izinja zibona imibala kububanzi obuluhlaza-violet kanye nobubanzi obuphuzi-oluhlaza. Ngakho-ke abanalo umbono we-spectrum yombala obomvu - uma kuqhathaniswa nomuntu obomvu-oluhlaza-ongaboni. Izinhlanzi nezinyoni eziningi, kodwa nezinye izilwane, zinezinhlobo ezine zama-cones, ngakho zibona imibala eminingi kunathi!
Ingabe inja inomqondo wesikhathi?
Isici esibalulekile esinikeza izinja uhlaka lomqondo wazo wesikhathi yi-biorhythm yazo. Njengezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, izinja ziphila ngokuvumelana nesigqi sokujikeleza: imizimba yazo izitshela ukuthi zingasebenza nini nokuthi zidinga nini ukuphumula cishe amahora angama-24.
Kungani inja yami ibukeka idabukile?
Ezinye izinja zibonisa ukuziphatha okubonisa ukuthi zizwa usizi lapho othandekayo efa noma engasekho. Izinja zamukela kakhulu ulimi lomzimba womuntu kanye nemizwa futhi zingamukela ukudabuka kwethu ngemva kokulahlekelwa othile okhethekile.
Ingabe inja ingakhala kahle?
Izinja azikwazi ukukhala ngenxa yokudabuka noma injabulo. Kodwa bayakwazi nokukhala izinyembezi. Izinja, njengabantu, zinemibhobho yezinyembezi egcina iso limanzi. Uketshezi oludlulele luthuthwa ngemigudu lungene emgodini wamakhala.
Inja ingahleka?
Lapho izinja ziveza amazinyo, abantu abaningi basacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuhlale kuyisenzo esisongelayo. Kodwa lokho abanikazi bezinja abaningi asebekukholelwa isikhathi eside manje nakho kuqinisekiswa ucwaningo: izinja zingahleka.