UMary Allen
Isingeniso: Isixhumanisi Phakathi Koshukela kanye Nokungasebenzi
Sekungamashumi eminyaka kukholakala kabanzi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukashukela kungaholela ekubeni izingane zingasebenzi kahle. Le nkolelo isekelwe ubufakazi obungajwayelekile kanye nezifundo ezithile, kodwa ubufakazi besayensi buye bungaqiniseki. Isizathu esisodwa salokhu ukuthi izifundo zangaphambilini bezivame ukuncika ezinyathelweni zokuzibika zokuthatha ushukela noma azizange zilawule ukuguquguquka okudidayo. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwakamuva luye lwazama ukubhekana nale mikhawulo ngokusebenzisa amamodeli ezilwane ukuze aphenye ubudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kukashukela kanye nokushuba ngokweqile.
Ucwaningo: Indlela kanye nabahlanganyeli
Ocwaningweni lwakamuva, abacwaningi abavela eNyuvesi yaseBordeaux eFrance baphenye imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kukashukela ekuziphatheni kwamagundane. Ucwaningo lusebenzise amagundane e-C57BL/6J wesilisa, anikezwe ngokungahleliwe eqenjini elilawulayo noma iqembu likashukela. Iqembu likashukela lithole isixazululo se-sucrose engu-10% emanzini alo okuphuza amasonto amane, kuyilapho iqembu elilawulayo lathola amanzi angenalutho. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abacwaningi balinganise amaleveli omsebenzi wamagundane besebenzisa uchungechunge lokuhlola, okuhlanganisa ukuhlola kwendawo evulekile, ukuhlola okuphakeme okuhlanganisa ne-maze, nokuhlolwa kokumiswa komsila. Amagundane aphinde aqashwe ngeso lokhozi mayelana nezinguquko zesisindo somzimba kanye nokudla.
Imiphumela: Ukuthatha Ushukela kanye Nokungasebenzi Kwamagundane
Imiphumela yocwaningo ibonise ukuthi amagundane eqenjini likashukela ayesebenza kakhulu kunamagundane eqenjini lokulawula. Iqembu likashukela liphinde lakhombisa ukwanda kokuziphatha okufana nokukhathazeka ekuhlolweni okuphakeme kwe-maze, kanye nokunyuka kokunganyakazi ekuhlolweni kokumiswa komsila. Kodwa-ke, kwakungekho umehluko ophawulekayo ngesisindo somzimba noma ukudla okudliwayo phakathi kwamaqembu amabili. Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukashukela kungase kwandise ukungakhululeki nokuziphatha okunjengokukhathazeka kumagundane, kodwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe le miphumela.
Ukuhlaziya: Ukuhlonza Ubudlelwano Obumbangela
Nakuba ucwaningo lunikeza ubufakazi bobudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kukashukela kanye nokunganyakazi kahle kwamagundane, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlobana akusho ukuthi imbangela. Abacwaningi bazame ukulawula ukuguquguquka okudidayo, njengokushintsha kwesisindo somzimba nokudla, kodwa kusengenzeka ukuthi lezi zici zingaba nomthelela emiphumeleni. Ukwengeza, ucwaningo luphenye kuphela imiphumela yesikhashana yokusetshenziswa ushukela, ngakho-ke akucaci ukuthi imiphumela izoqhubeka yini isikhathi eside.
Imikhawulo: Izinto Ezingaba Khona Ezididayo
Omunye umkhawulo wocwaningo ukuthi lusebenzise amagundane abesilisa kuphela, ngakho-ke akucaci ukuthi ngabe imiphumela izosebenza yini kumagundane esifazane noma kubantu. Ukwengeza, lolu cwaningo aluzange luphenye izindlela ezihlanganisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kukashukela kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile. Kungenzeka ukuthi izinguquko kumakhemikhali emizwa noma amahomoni zingase zibe nesibopho semiphumela ebonwayo, kodwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe lokhu.
Imithelela: Imiphumela Yoshukela Ekusebenzeni Kobuchopho
Okutholwe yilolu cwaningo kunemithelela ebalulekile ekuqondeni kwethu imiphumela kashukela ekusebenzeni kobuchopho. Ngenkathi ucwaningo lwenziwa kumagundane, imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukashukela kungase kube nemiphumela efanayo ekuziphatheni komuntu. Lokhu kungase kube nomthelela ezinganeni, njengoba ukuxakeka ngokweqile kanye nokuziphatha okufana nokukhathazeka kuyizimpawu ezivamile ze-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Nokho, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kutholwe ukuthi lokhu okutholakele kuyasebenza yini kubantu.
Isiphetho: Ukuxhumanisa Ushukela kanye Ne-hyperactivity kumagundane
Ucwaningo lunikeza ubufakazi bobudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kukashukela kanye nokungabi namandla kwamagundane, kodwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela nokuhlonza izindlela eziyisisekelo. Noma kunjalo, okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukashukela kungase kube nemiphumela ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kobuchopho nokuziphatha, futhi kungaba nomthelela empilweni yomphakathi.
Ucwaningo Lwesikhathi esizayo: Ukuphenya Ukuziphatha Kwabantu
Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele luphenye imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kukashukela ekuziphatheni komuntu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezine-ADHD. Lolu cwaningo kufanele lusebenzise indlela eqinile, efana ne-double blind, isivivinyo esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe, futhi kufanele lulawule ukuguquguquka okudidayo. Ukwengeza, ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele luphenye izindlela ezihlanganisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kukashukela kanye nomsindo omkhulu.
Impilo Yomphakathi: Imithelela Yokusebenzisa Ushukela
Okutholwe yilolu cwaningo kunemithelela ebalulekile kunqubomgomo yezempilo yomphakathi. Nakuba ubudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kukashukela nokushuba ngokweqile bungakaqondwa ngokugcwele, kusobala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukashukela ngokweqile kungaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni, okuhlanganisa ukukhuluphala, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, nokubola kwamazinyo. Ngakho-ke, imikhankaso yezempilo yomphakathi kufanele igxile ekwehliseni ukusetshenziswa kukashukela, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, nasekukhuthazeni imikhuba yokudla enempilo.
Imicabango Yokugcina: Ukuqonda Isayensi Yoshukela kanye Nokusebenza Okukhulu
Ucwaningo lunikeza ubufakazi bobudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kukashukela kanye nokunganyakazi kahle kwamagundane, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ubudlelwano bunzima futhi abukaqondwa ngokugcwele. Nakuba okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukashukela ngokweqile kungase kube nemiphumela emibi ekusebenzeni kobuchopho nokuziphatha, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe le miphumela futhi kuhlonzwe izindlela eziyisisekelo. Noma kunjalo, lolu cwaningo lugqamisa ukubaluleka kokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukashukela kanye nokukhuthaza imikhuba yokudla enempilo impilo nempilo yonke.