UMary Allen
Ngenhlanzi yasemanzini anosawoti, izinto zihlukile: amanzi olwandle anosawoti ebhukuda kuwo akhipha amanzi emzimbeni wayo ngesikhumba sayo, aphinde akhiphe amanzi ngomchamo wawo. Udinga ukuphuza amanzi ukuze angabuni.
Iphuza kanjani inhlanzi yasemanzini anosawoti?
Zithatha uketshezi oluningi ngemilomo yazo, ziphuze amanzi anosawoti. Emzimbeni, bakhipha usawoti oncibilikisiwe emanzini aphuzile futhi bawabuyisele emanzini ngendlela yomchamo onosawoti omningi noma ngamangqamuzana e-chloride akhethekile kumagill. Izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile aziphuzi.
Kungani izinhlanzi kufanele ziphuze amanzi anosawoti?
Okuphambene nalokho kuyiqiniso ngezinhlanzi emanzini anosawoti. Kumele baphuze ukuze bangomi. Usawoti osemanzini olwandle uhlale udonsa amanzi emzimbeni wezinhlanzi. Lapho inhlanzi yasemanzini anosawoti iphuza, ihlunga usawoti wasolwandle ngamathumba ayo.
Ingabe izilwane zingawaphuza amanzi anosawoti?
Kodwa ama-wallabies ahambisana kahle nosawoti. Abacwaningi base-Australia babonise lokhu emuva ngawo-1960 ngokuhlolwa lapho banikeza ama-wallabies amanzi anosawoti ukuba aphuze izinsuku ezingu-29.
Kungani izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti zidinga ukudakwa futhi izinhlanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti zingaziphuzi?
Usawoti omningi ezinhlanzini uphakeme kunamanzi azungezile. Njengoba kwaziwa kahle, amanzi ahlala egeleza ukusuka phansi ukuya endaweni ephezulu. Izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile aziphuzi - ngokuphambene nalokho, zihlala zikhipha amanzi ngezinso - ngaphandle kwalokho, zizoqhuma ngesikhathi esithile.
Kungani izinhlanzi kungadingeki ziphuze?
I-osmosis - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa uma ucabanga ngotamatisi ofakwe usawoti, kuyisimiso esifanayo: amanzi aphushela kusawoti. Ngakho izinhlanzi zaziyolahlekelwa amanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngamanye amazwi, uma lingawaphuzi amanzi, liyokoma phakathi nolwandle.
Ziya kanjani izinhlanzi endlini yangasese?
Ukuze kugcinwe indawo yazo yangaphakathi, izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile zimunca i-Na+ kanye ne-Cl- ngamaseli e-chloride asezindleleni zawo. Izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile zimunca amanzi amaningi nge-osmosis. Ngenxa yalokho, baphuza kancane futhi bachame cishe njalo.
Ingabe inhlanzi ingaqhuma?
Kodwa ngingaphendula kuphela umbuzo oyisisekelo esihlokweni ngo-YEBO ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami siqu. Izinhlanzi zingaqhuma.
Ingabe inhlanzi ingalala?
Ama-Pisces, noma kunjalo, awapheli ngokuphelele ebuthongweni bawo. Nakuba benciphisa ngokucacile ukunaka kwabo, abalokothi bawele esigabeni sokulala okujulile. Ezinye izinhlanzi zize zilale ngohlangothi ukuze zilale, njengoba nje senza.
Uphuza kanjani ushaka?
Njengezinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile, oshaka nemisebe kudonsa amanzi ebusweni bemizimba yabo ngakho-ke kufanele bawakhiphe futhi.
Yiziphi izilwane ezingaphuza amanzi olwandle?
Izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle njengamahlengethwa, izimvu zamanzi, nemikhomo ziqeda ukoma kwazo ngokudla kwazo, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlanzi. Izinhlanzi zisefa amanzi anosawoti ngezinyosi zazo ngakho-ke azinawo usawoti emizimbeni yazo futhi zibekezelelwa kahle izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle.
Isiphi isilwane esifayo uma siphuza amanzi?
Amahlengethwa ayafa ngokuphuza amanzi olwandle. Nakuba amahlengethwa ehlala olwandle olunosawoti omningi, awawabekezeleli kahle amanzi azungezile. Njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, kufanele zidle amanzi ahlanzekile.
Ingabe amakati angawaphuza amanzi anosawoti?
Amakati angaphuza amanzi anosawoti, kodwa awakwazi ukunambitha izinto ezimnandi.
Ungakwazi ukuminza inhlanzi?
Cha, akusilo ihlaya: ezinye izinhlanzi zingaminza. Ngoba kunezinhlobo ezidinga ukuvela njalo futhi ziphefumule. Uma zinqatshelwe ukufinyelela emanzini, zingaminza ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani inhlanzi yasemanzini anosawoti emanzini angenasawoti?
Izinhlanzi eziningi zasemanzini ahlanzekile azikwazi ukuphila emanzini olwandle, kodwa inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi zasolwandle livakashela amachweba noma izindawo eziphansi zemifula, okungenani isikhathi esifushane. Cishe kuphela izinhlobo ezingu-3,000 zezinhlanzi ezifana ne-salmon, ama-sturgeon, ama-eels, noma ama-sticklebacks ezingaphila emanzini ahlanzekile nasolwandle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kungani izinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti zinganambitheki usawoti?
Njengoba ngokuvamile asidli ama-gill noma isisu, kodwa inyama yemisipha yezinhlanzi, futhi lokhu akuhlangani namanzi anosawoti, akunambitheki usawoti.
Izinhlanzi ziyikhipha kanjani indle?
Le nhlanzi idla ulwelwe oluncane oluvela osebeni lwamakhorali futhi idla izinhlayiya ze-calcareous. Nokho, azikwazi ukugaya lezi zinto ngendlela efanele futhi ngaleyo ndlela zikhiphe izinhlayiya ezincane ezimhlophe. Lokhu kubikwa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, yinhlangano yase-US engenzi nzuzo i-Waitt Institute. Uphinde abize le nqubo ngokuthi “isihlabathi esipopayo”.
Ingabe inhlanzi ingajuluka?
Ingabe izinhlanzi zingajuluka? Cha! Izinhlanzi azikwazi ukujuluka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, azikwazi ukuba yiqhwa zize zife emanzini abandayo, ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi ziyizilwane ezinegazi elibandayo, okungukuthi zivumelanisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo ngaleyo ndlela ukujikeleza kwazo kanye nokugaywa komzimba kuhambisane nezinga lokushisa elikuzungezile.
Ingabe inhlanzi ingadla ngokweqile?
Uthe izinhlanzi zingashisa ngokweqile? Yebo, lokho kuyiqiniso, ngeshwa. Lokhu kungaholela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi “izisu ezibomvu” noma ukuqunjelwa. Ngokuvamile, lokho kusho ukufa.