UMary Allen
Igama elithi crane lisho “i-squawk” noma “umshayi ucingo” futhi lilingisa imisindo eyenziwa yile nyoni. Izinyoni azinaphutha namabala azo abomvu, amhlophe, namnyama emakhanda azo.
Izici
Abukeka kanjani ama-cranes?
Ama-cranes kulula ukuwabona ekuqaleni: ukuma kwawo, nemilenze yawo emide nentamo ende, kufana nonogolantethe. Kodwa makhudlwana futhi akhula aze afike ku-120 amasentimitha. Zicishe zibe ngamasentimitha angu-115 ubude ukusuka emlonyeni kuye emsileni futhi zinamaphiko afinyelela ku-240 amasentimitha ububanzi.
Zikhanya ngokumangazayo ngobukhulu bazo: zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayisikhombisa. Ama-cranes anombala ompunga, ikhanda nentamo kumnyama kunomugqa omhlophe phansi eceleni. Anebala elibomvu elikhanyayo phezulu emakhanda azo okuthiwa umqhele wekhanda. Uqhwaku lwayo lucishe lulingane nekhanda layo.
Uma ubona ama-cranes ezulazula ezimfeni, kuvame ukubukeka sengathi anomsila onezimpaphe. Nokho, lokhu akubandakanyi izimpaphe zomsila: lezi yizimpaphe ezinde ngokungavamile zamaphiko! Izimpaphe zangempela zomsila, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zifushane kakhulu. Ama-crane abesilisa makhudlwana kunezinsikazi, ngaphandle kwalokho, abukeka afana. Uma ama-cranes esemancane, anombala ompunga-nsundu futhi ikhanda libomvu ngokubomvu.
I-Cranes yiyona kuphela inyoni eyenza i-molts kuphela ngemva kweminyaka emibili: ehlobo, ayikwazi ukundiza phakathi namasonto lapho ishintsha izimpaphe zazo.
Bahlala kuphi okhrayini?
Ama-cranes ayevame ukusabalala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngenxa yokuthi kuya ngokuya kuba yivelakancane ukuba bathole izindawo ezifanelekayo zokuhlala, manje sebetholakala kuphela enyakatho nasempumalanga yeYurophu naseRussia kuya empumalanga yeSiberia. Banyamalele entshonalanga naseningizimu yeYurophu kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-19.
Izilwane ezimbalwa zisatholakala empumalanga nasenyakatho yeJalimane, ngaphandle kwalokho, zingabonwa zifuduka zisuka ezindaweni ezizalela kuzo ziya ezindaweni zasebusika eSpain, eningizimu yeFrance, nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika: Bese kuthi entwasahlobo nasekwindla zifinyelele ku-40,000 kuya ku-50,000. ama-cranes afuduka e-Central Europe kude. Uma unenhlanhla, ungababona ezindaweni zabo zokuphumula enyakatho yeJalimane.
Okhrane badinga izindawo ezivulekile ezinamaxhaphozi, ama-bogs, nezimfunda ezimanzi lapho bengakwazi ukudla khona. Ezindaweni zabo zasebusika, bafuna izindawo ezinamasimu nezihlahla. Ama-Cranes awatholakali kuphela ezindaweni eziphansi kodwa nasezintabeni - ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nasendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-2000.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-cranes akhona?
Namuhla kuthiwa sekusele o-cranes ababalelwa ku-340,000. Kepha eYurophu, amapheya angama-45,000 kuphela azala futhi eJalimane angaba ngamapheya angama-3000 kuphela. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-15 ezihlukene ze-crane. Izihlobo ze-European crane iCrown Crane, iDamsel Crane, White-naped Crane, kanye ne-Red-crown Crane. Okhreyini baseSandhill bahlala eNyakatho Melika nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeSiberia kanye nama-Wattled cranes e-Afrika.
Amakhreni athola iminyaka emingaki?
Kufakazelwe ukuthi u-crane ovalelwe waphila iminyaka engama-42. Ngokwemvelo, cishe abafiki eminyakeni yobudala ephezulu: abacwaningi basola ukuthi baphila kuphela iminyaka engama-25 kuya kwengama-30.
Behave
Ama-cranes aphila kanjani?
Ama-cranes empeleni ayizinyoni ezihlala njalo ebusuku, kuphela ngesikhathi sokufuduka lapho futhi ehamba ebusuku. Ama-Cranes ayathandeka. Amaqembu amakhulu kakhulu ngokuvamile ahlala ndawonye, afune ukudla ndawonye futhi alale ndawonye. Lawa maqembu abuye ahlale ndawonye ngesikhathi sokufuduka nokubuya ezindaweni zokuhlala zasebusika.
Ama-cranes anamahloni impela. Uma usondela kubo ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-300, ngokuvamile bayabaleka. Baphinde baqaphele uma kukhona okushintshile endaweni yabo. Abanamahloni kancane ezindaweni zabo zokubuthana, lapho bezizwa bephephile khona lapho bengamaqembu amakhulu.
Ama-cranes athuthela ezindaweni zawo zasebusika ngemizila emibili ehlukene. Izinyoni ezisuka eFinland nasentshonalanga yeRussia zindiza ziya eNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika zidlula eHungary. Ama-Cranes asuka eScandinavia naseYurophu Ephakathi afudukela eFrance naseSpain, ngezinye izikhathi aze afike eNyakatho Afrika.
Nokho, ebusika obupholile, ezinye izilwane zihlala eJalimane. Esitimeleni, ungawabona ngokwakheka koweji okuvamile namakholi afana necilongo. Esitimeleni sabo, bama ezindaweni ezifanayo zokuphumula unyaka nonyaka. Ngezinye izikhathi bahlala lapho amasonto amabili noma amathathu ukuze baphumule futhi bondle kakhulu.
Ama-cranes ayizinyoni ezinkulu futhi sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka ethakazelisa abantu. E-China, babebhekwa njengophawu lwempilo ende nokuhlakanipha. EGibhithe lasendulo, ayekhulekelwa “njengezinyoni zelanga” futhi enikelwa konkulunkulu. Nokho, nawo ayebhekwa njengento emnandi futhi adliwe.
ESweden, zazibizwa ngokuthi “izinyoni zenjabulo” ngoba ilanga nokufudumala kwakubuya nazo entwasahlobo. EJapane, i-crane ibhekwa njengenyoni enenhlanhla.