UMary Allen
Izinkukhu yizinyoni ezibekela amaqanda amaningi. Siyazazi izinkukhu zasepulazini noma zasesitolo. Lapho sithenga izinkukhu esizozidla. EJalimane, sivame ukukhuluma ngenkukhu, e-Austria yenkukhu. E-Switzerland, sidinga igama lesiFulentshi elithi Poulet. Siphinde sithole amabhokisi anamaqanda enkukhu emashalofini.
Sikhuluma ngezinkukhu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ku-biology, kukhona i-oda elithi Galliformes. Lezi zihlanganisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: i-partridge, izigwaca, i-turkey, i-capercaillie, i-pheasant, ipigogo, nezinyoni zasekhaya. Uma sikhuluma ngezinkukhu sisuke sisho izinkukhu zasekhaya.
Kwezolimo, izinyoni zasekhaya zibalwa phakathi kwezinkukhu. Eyeduna ibizwa ngokuthi iqhude noma iqhude. Insikazi yisikhukhukazi. Uma isencane, ibizwa ngokuthi isikhukhukazi. Amaphuphu abizwa ngokuthi amatshwele.
Ama-Bantam anesisindo esingaba nguhhafu wekhilogremu, ezinye izinkukhu zifinyelela ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu amahlanu. Amaqhude ahlale esinda kancane kunezikhukhukazi. Izinkukhu zigqoka izimpaphe njengazo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni. Kodwa-ke, zingandiza kabi futhi ngokuvamile zihlale phansi.
Inkukhu yasekhaya iphumaphi?
Inkukhu yasekhaya iyisilwane esifuywayo esivame kakhulu kubantu. Emhlabeni, kunesilinganiso sezinkukhu ezintathu kumuntu ngamunye. Izinkukhu zethu zifuywa ezinkukhwini zase Bankiva.
Inkukhu yaseBankiva iyinkukhu yasendle ezalelwa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ukuzalanisa kusho ukuthi abantu bebelokhu bedinga izinkukhu ezingcono kakhulu ukuze bakhe abancane. Kuphakathi kokuthi lezi izinkukhu ezizalela kakhulu noma amaqanda amakhulu. Noma-ke izinkukhu, ezikhuluphala kakhulu. Kodwa ungakwazi futhi ukuzalanisa izinkukhu ezinempilo kakhulu. Zavela kanje izinhlanga ezahlukene.
Ziphila kanjani izinkukhu ezifuywayo?
Lapho izinkukhu ziphila ngokukhululeka epulazini, zidla utshani, okusanhlamvu, izikelemu, iminenke, izinambuzane ngisho namagundane. Izinkukhu nazo zigwinya amatshe. Njengoba imisipha ezungeze isisu ifinyela ngesigqi, amatshe agaya ukudla.
Baphila ngokukhululeka ngamaqembu. Iqembu elinjalo lihlale lineqhude elilodwa nezikhukhukazi eziningi. Kunohlelo oluqinile phakathi kwezinkukhu. Kubizwa ngokuthi ukulandelana kokucofa ngoba ngezinye izikhathi izilwane ziqophisana ngemilomo yazo. Inkukhu esezingeni eliphezulu ilala phezulu bese ikhetha okuphakelayo okungcono kakhulu. Yingakho kufanele usabalalise ukudla kwenkukhu ukuze kungabi khona ukulwa.
Nokho, iqembu elilodwa lezinkukhu epulazini liya ngokuya liyivelakancane. Izinkukhu eziningi ziphuma emapulazini amakhulu. Izinkukhu zamahhala ziphila kangcono. Ngakho unokuzivocavoca kwangaphandle kwansuku zonke. Phakathi kukhona izinkukhu ezihlala esibayeni. Bahlala phansi ehholo. I-Caging yinto engeyona eyemvelo kakhulu. Izinkukhu zivele zihlale emigodweni noma ngisho naphansi kwehhoko.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkukhu zasekhaya?
Izinkukhu ezizalayo zigcinelwa inzalo yazo. Ngakho-ke isikhukhukazi neqhude zikhethwa ngokucophelela futhi zihlanganiswe. Inkukhu yasekhaya iyinkukhu ezalayo, kodwa kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene. Lokhu kuncike ekutheni inyama noma amaqanda azokhiqizwa. Izinkukhu ezizalayo aziphili ngendlela ehlukile kunezinkukhu ezizalelayo noma ama-broilers. Ngenxa yokuzalana kohlangothi olulodwa, kunezilwane eziningi ezigulayo nezibuthakathaka ezingasasetshenziswa.
Izikhukhukazi ezizalelayo zazizalela amaqanda amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngo-1950, isikhukhukazi esihle sokuzalela sakwazi ukubekela amaqanda angaba ngu-120 ngonyaka. Ngo-2015 bekunamaqanda angaba ngu-300. Lokhu kulingana namaqanda ayisithupha ngesonto. Ziqala ukubekela amaqanda emasontweni angama-20 ngemva kokuchanyuselwa. Ngemva kwamasonto angaba ngu-60 ziyabulawa ngoba amaqanda aya ngokuya encipha. Lokho akusamkhokheli umlimi wezinkukhu.
Ama-broilers kufanele akhuluphale ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze alungele ekhishini ngemva kokuhlatshwa. Amaqhude nezikhukhukazi zisetshenziselwa izitsha zenkukhu. EJalimane, zibizwa ngokuthi i-Hähnchen, e-Austria Hendl, naseSwitzerland Poulet. Izinkukhu zokukhuluphaliswa zihlatshwa emva kwamaviki ama-4 kuya kwayisi-6. Bese iba yikhilogremu eyodwa nengxenye noma amabili nengxenye.
Zizala kanjani izinkukhu zasekhaya?
Izikhukhukazi ziyazisa amaqhude uma eselungele ukukhwelana. Isikhukhukazi siyaqoshama futhi sibhakuze izimpaphe zomsila. Iqhude likhwela isikhukhukazi ngemuva. Iqhude libe selicindezela orifice lalo phezu kwezikhukhukazi. Bese kuphuma isidoda sakhe. Ama-sperm cell athola indlela eya kuma-egg cells ngokwawo. Amangqamuzana esidoda angahlala lapho izinsuku ezingafika kweziyi-12 futhi avundise amaseli amaqanda.
I-germinal disc yakhiwa ngeqanda elivundisiwe. Kulokhu, itshwele liyakhula. Ithatha isikhuphasha seqanda nayo njengokudla. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-yolk. Lokhu kusongwe ngohlobo lwesikhumba, njengoswidi ephepheni laso.
I-embryonic disk ihlezi phezu kwalesi sikhumba esikhanyayo. I-albumen noma i-albumen izungeze ngaphandle. Igobolondo eliqinile lilandela ngaphandle. Noma ubani oqhekeza iqanda elingaphekiwe angabona i-embryonic disc esikhumbeni esisobala eduze kwesikhupha.
Kuthatha amahora angu-24 kuphela kusukela ekukhulelweni kuze kube yilapho isikhukhukazi sizalela iqanda laso. Khona-ke iqanda elilandelayo liyalunga. Uvundiswa ngokutholakala kwamangqamuzana esidoda. Uma isikhukhukazi siphila ngaphandle kweqhude, noma uma ukunikezwa kwamaseli wesidoda kuphelile, amaqanda asazokhula. Ungawadla, kodwa awavezi amatshwele.
Isikhukhukazi kufanele sifukamele iqanda elizalelwe izinsuku ezingama-21. Lokhu kungenziwa futhi ku-incubator enokushisa okwenziwayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-embryonic disc ikhula ibe itshwele eliqediwe. Iphuzu elincane likhule emlonyeni walo, i-hump. Ngalokhu, itshwele lishaya igobolondo leqanda futhi lenze inothi nxazonke. Ngemva kwalokho idudula izinhlangothi zombili ngamaphiko ayo.
Izinkukhu precocial. Asukume ame ngezinyawo ngokushesha ahambe nonina. Ngakho-ke abadingi ukondliwa abazali babo njengezinye izinyoni eziningi. Isikhukhukazi sivikela amatshwele aso futhi siwaholela emanzini nasezindaweni zokudla ezinhle. Iqhude alinandaba nenzalo yalo.