UMary Allen
Amakamela awumndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo. Ngokungafani nezinkomo noma izinyamazane, zihamba nge-calluses yazo, okungukuthi hhayi esihlokweni sonyawo, kodwa esithendeni. Amakamela eza ngezinhlobo eziningana: i-llama, i-guanaco, i-vicuna, i-alpaca, ikamela lasendle, i-dromedary, kanye nekamela elifanele, elibizwa ngokufanelekile ngokuthi “ikamela le-bactrian.”
Izilwane zazo zonke izinhlobo zinkulu, zidla izitshalo kuphela, futhi zinezintamo ezinde. Amazinyo afana nalawo onogwaja. Lapho izilwane ziphumule, zilala ngendlela yokuthi imilenze ihlale ngaphansi komzimba.
I-guanaco iyisilwane sasendle esizalelwa eNingizimu Melika. Kulezi, i-llama iwuhlobo lwesilwane esifuywayo: ikhula ngokuphawulekayo, futhi abantu bayizala ngaleyo ndlela ngoba bathanda uvolo. Ifana ne-vicuna noma i-vicuña. Izinhlobo ezifuywayo zalokhu zibizwa ngokuthi i-alpaca noma i-alpaca.
Ikamela lasendle lihlala enkabeni ye-Asia futhi linamahump amabili. Kukhona uhlobo lwaso, i-dromedary. Ine-hump futhi igcinwa eningizimu ye-Asia nase-Arabia.
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ngekamela lapho bezwa igama elithi “ikamela”, elibuye libizwe ngokuthi “ikamela le-Bactrian”. Isisindo sayo sifinyelela ku-1000 kilograms futhi inama-humps amabili. Ngoboya bayo obuminyene, bubukeka buqina nakakhulu. Njenge-dromedary, ibhekwa njengesilwane sokugibela noma ukuthwala imithwalo.
Kungani amakamela engavamile ukuphuza?
Amakamela angaphila namanzi amancane kakhulu. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu: Azinawo izinga lokushisa elithile lomzimba njengazo zonke ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Umzimba wakho ungafudumala kufika kuma-degree Celsius ayisishiyagalombili ngaphandle kokukulimaza. Ngenxa yalokho, bajuluka kancane futhi bonga amanzi.
Amakamela anezinso ezinamandla ngokukhethekile. Bakhipha imfucuza eningi egazini, kodwa amanzi amancane kuphela. Ngakho-ke umchamo wakho awunamanzi kakhulu. Kuzokwenza ukuthi uchame futhi. Ubulongwe bazo buphinde bome ukwedlula owezinye izilwane ezincelisayo.
Amakhala futhi angenza okuthile okukhethekile: Angakwazi ukubuyisa umswakama, okungukuthi amanzi, emoyeni esiwuphefumulayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela awugcine emzimbeni. Lokho thina bantu esikubona njengefu lomhwamuko lapho siwukhipha umoya ebusika bekungeke kuvame kakhulu emakameleni, ngisho nalapho amazinga okushisa aphansi.
Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anesimo esikhethekile. Ngakho-ke, amakamela angaphuza amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kokuba igazi lawo lihlanjululwe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakamela aphuza kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Amakamela akwazi ukugcina amanzi emizimbeni yawo. Nokho, lokhu akwenzeki kuma-humps, njengoba kuvame ukucatshangwa. Yilapho abagcina khona amafutha. Ngakho-ke ikamela elinamaqhubu angenalutho alomile kodwa likudinga kakhulu ukudla okwanele. Lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi yakhe kabusha izindawo zayo ezigciniwe.
Amakamela azala kanjani?
Emvelweni, amakamela ngokuvamile ahlala ngamaqembu amancane. Lezi zihlanganisa owesilisa oyedwa kanye nabesifazane abambalwa. Ngakho-ke abizwa ngokuthi "amaqembu e-harem". Izilwane ezincane nazo ziyingxenye yeqembu lama-harem. Njengoba abesilisa abancane bekhula, bayaxoshwa eqenjini labesifazane. Bakha amaqembu abo bese bezama ukususa umholi wabesifazane futhi bazithathele bona ngokwabo.
Eyeduna ishada nentokazi ngayinye futhi izama ukuba nezingane nayo. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha unyaka futhi mhlawumbe izinyanga ezimbili ngaphezulu. Insikazi ivamise ukuzala iwundlu elilodwa kuphela. Njengamahhashi, izilwane ezincane zibizwa ngokuthi "amathole". Ithole liphuza ubisi lukanina isikhathi esingangonyaka. Isilwane esincane kufanele sibe neminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu ngaphambi kokuba sikhule ngokwaso ngokocansi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingakwazi ukuhlinzekela inzalo ngokwayo. Kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, amakamela aphila iminyaka ephakathi kuka-25 no-50.