UMary Allen
Amaphutha ekufuyweni nasekuphakeleni aholela ezifweni ezingagwemeka ezibankwa zase-Australia. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imfundo nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kuyasiza.
Kanye nezimfudu zaseYurophu, amadragoni anentshebe aphakathi kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezivame ukugcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo ngakho-ke zivame ukwethulwa njengeziguli. Le ndatshana ihlose ukukujwayeza ngezinhlobo zezilwane kanye nokuxilonga nokwelashwa kwalezi zibankwa zase-Australia.
Biology
Ezinhlotsheni eziyisishagalombili zikadrako onentshebe ezichazwayo njengamanje, udrako onezintshebe ezinezinwele ezimthende kuphela (Pogona vitticeps) futhi - okungavamile kakhulu - udrako onentshebe encane abalulekile kwezohwebo e-Europe. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zitholakala enkabeni ye-Australia, isifunda esibonakala ngokushisa, elomile ehlobo namazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-30 no-40 °C kanye nesikhathi sasebusika esipholile nesinemvula namazinga okushisa aphakathi kuka-10 no-20 °C.
Izilwane zine-facultatively omnivorous futhi zingabonakala njengenzalo yamasiko. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo ibonakala ngohlaza olunamaqabunga aqinile kanye nemithi, okuyilokho umzila wokugaya wezilwane oklanyelwe wona. Amazinyo afana ne-endodontic saw blade asetshenziselwa ukuluma futhi ithumbu elikhulu elishiwo lisebenza njengegumbi lokuvubela lokuvutshelwa kokudla okunothe nge-cellulose. Ucwaningo olwenziwa ngu-Oonincx et al. (2015), lapho okuqukethwe yisisu sezilwane zasendle kwasuswa kusetshenziswa i-gastric lavage bese ihlaziywa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhwelana komuhlwa, ukuze kubonakale umuhlwa omningi onamaphiko esiswini. Noma kunjalo, okuqukethwe kwemifino esesiswini kwakungaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-40. Uma umuntu ecabangela isigaba esifushane sokundiza somuhlwa futhi uma ebheka ngokujulile ukusebenza kahle kwesampula yokugezwa kwesisu, kungacatshangwa ukuthi ingxenye yezitshalo ekudleni iphezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kuhambisana nobufakazi bezinye izifo ezihlobene nokudla kuma-dragons anentshebe adla ohlangothini olulodwa.
Ukuziphatha
Odrako besilisa abanentshebe babodwa futhi bayindawo. Iduna elibusayo lithanda ukuthatha indawo evulekile yokushiswa yilanga, eyethusa ezinye izilwane. Uma umngcele wendawo wephulwa, umnikazi wendawo ekuqaleni usabisa ngokunqekuzisa ikhanda ngokucophelela. Khona-ke indawo yomphimbo (intshebe) iyakhukhumala, ibe mnyama futhi ukuvuma ngekhanda kuyaqina. Kuphela uma lokhu kunganakwa lapho impi iqala khona.
Attitude
Abazalanisi nabadayisi batusa ukugcina iduna elilodwa nezinsikazi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu futhi uzidlise ngezinambuzane eziningi. Ngokombono wezilwane, kokubili kufanele kubhekwe ngokujulile kakhulu. Okufanelekile, izilwane kufanele zigcinwe ngazodwana futhi zivunyelwe ndawonye kuphela ngenkathi yokukhwelana. Ukukhwelana kanye nokuziphatha kokubekela amaqanda kungabonakala njengokunothisa kokuziphatha futhi, ngokumelene nesizinda sokuvuthwa kweqanda okudalwe, futhi njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ubunzima bangaphambi kwe-ovulatory laying. Kodwa-ke, ukuchanyuselwa kwamaqanda kumele kubuzwe ngokujulile, njengoba imakethe igcwele izilwane ezingamadoda ikakhulukazi.
Nakuba amadragoni anentshebe encane kulula ngokunengqondo ukuwagcina ku-120 × 60 × 60 cm, amadragoni anentshebe anemigqa adinga izindawo zokuhlala okungenani ezinkulu ngokuphindwe kabili.
Uma izilwane eziningana - ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo abesilisa abambalwa - zigcinwa ndawonye, i-terrarium kufanele ibe nepulani lesitezi esiyisikwele esinendawo okungenani engu-2 × 2 m. Ngokwakheka okucebile kanye nokunikezwa kwamabala amaningana elangeni, izilwane zingagwema zodwa. Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziwumngcingo, iduna elibusayo lihlala endaweni emaphakathi, ephakeme futhi licindezele ezinye izilwane ngobuqili. Ivame ukwenza lokhu ngokulala phezu kwezinye izilwane, okuvame ukuhunyushwa ngokuthi “ukugona” abanikazi abangenalwazi kodwa okungeyona ingxenye yochungechunge lokuziphatha lohlobo olungezona ezomphakathi.
Uma igcinwa ngayinye, i-terrarium akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-0.5 m2 endaweni. Indawo engasetshenziswa ingandiswa ngokusebenzisa amathuba okukhuphuka kanye namathafa ahlukahlukene. Izinga lokushisa elihlukile, ukukhanya, kanye nomswakama kufanele kudalwe ku-terrarium. Njengomthetho, lokhu kufinyelelwa yi-acentric, isibani selanga esinamandla nendawo yokucasha ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-terrarium. Lokhu kudala indawo ekhanyayo, efudumele (engaba ngu-40 °C) kanye nendawo eyomile elangeni. Endaweni yokucasha, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-30 ° C, okwandisa umswakama lapho. Gwema izindawo ezimanzi noma ngisho namaxhaphozi.
Njengoba amadragoni anentshebe emboza izidingo zawo zikavithamini D3 ngokuhlanganiswa kwawo, ukunikezwa okuhambisanayo kwemisebe ye-UV-B kuyadingeka. Ama-evaporator e-mercury ahlanganisiwe afakazele ukubaluleka kwawo lapha.
Lapho ufaka lezi zibani, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi alikho ifasitelana lengilazi phakathi komthombo wokukhanya nesilwane sokuhlunga imisebe ye-UV, nakuba ibanga elincane kufanele libhekwe ngokuqinile. Izibani zivame ukulengiswa phansi ukuze kufinyelele izinga lokushisa eliphezulu endaweni yokubhaka, okungase kuholele esikhumbeni.
I-substrate kufanele ilungele ukugqunywa kodwa iphinde idliwe ngomlomo yizilwane. Esikhundleni sezingxube zesihlabathi noma zesihlabathi sobumba, izinto ezigayeka kalula ezifana nomhlaba noma imicu kakhukhunathi zifaneleka ukugwema ukuqunjelwa.
Ukudla
Ngisho namadragoni anentshebe, njengezilwane zakudala zasogwadule, awavamile ukubonwa ephuza futhi uma isidingo samanzi esengeziwe siphansi ngokudla okufanele okuluhlaza, amanzi ahlanzekile kufanele atholakale unomphela ezilwaneni. Uma kuziwa ekudleni okunomsoco, ifolishi eluhlaza enothe ngefayibha (amakhambi emfucumfucu, ulethisi, akukho sithelo!) okuhamba phambili. Ukudla okugezwe ngaphambilini akufanele kusikwe kube izingcezu ezincane kodwa kunikezwe kuphelele ukuze kugcinwe izilwane. Ukuluma kunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-tartar futhi kwenziwa kube lula uma okuphakelayo kuvikelwe ngokuyibophela egatsheni. Nakuba izilwane ezisencane zisakwazi ukubhekana nenani eliphezulu lokuphakelwa kwezinambuzane futhi ziphinde zikudinge ngesikhathi sokukhula, izilwane kufanele ziphakelwe kuphela imifino kusukela lapho zinonyaka owodwa ubudala. Ngokudla okunomsoco kanye nokukhanya okuhle kwe-UV, asikho isidingo sokushintshwa okwengeziwe kwamavithamini namaminerali. Amagobolondo e-Cuttlebone anganikezwa endaweni ye-terrarium ukunikeza i-calcium kwabesifazane abazalelayo. Uma kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo amavithamini, ukugcwala ngokweqile kwevithamini D3 kufanele kugwenywe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubalwa kwezitho zomzimba.
I-Hibernation
Amadragoni amaningi anentshebe athola isigqi sawo sokulala futhi awathonywa neze izinga lokushisa nezinhlelo zokukhanya zabanikazi. Izilwane zivame ukwethulwa ezivele zihoxise ngo-Agasti noma zisafuna ukulala ngoMashi naphezu kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Njengoba kungekho mehluko phakathi kwezilwane ezigulayo ezivela ngaphandle, kuhle ukuhlola amakhemikhali egazi. Ngesikhathi sokulala, izilwane kufanele zigcinwe endaweni ethule ku-16 kuya ku-18 °C ngaphandle kokukhanyisa okwenziwe. Amanzi okuphuza kanye nesitshalo sefolishi (isb. i-Golliwog) kufanele kube khona uma kwenzeka izilwane ziphazamisa isigaba sokuphumula.
Ukuphatha amadragoni anentshebe
Amadragoni anentshebe anokuthula. Nokho, izinzipho zazo ezicijile zingabangela imihuzuko uma isilwane sizama ukubaleka phezu kwesandla. Odrako abanentshebe abahlukumezi abantu. Kodwa-ke, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ungafaki iminwe yakho phakathi kwemihlathi yakho, ikakhulukazi ngokufaka ngomlomo. Lezi zilwane zinemihlathi evalekile enamandla namazinyo aqondile, acijile, asetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa uhlaza oluqinile.
Ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo
Ukuze kuhlolwe umtholampilo, udrako onentshebe uhlala esandleni sobunxele esiyisicaba sabantu abasebenzisa kwesokudla. Ngesandla sokudla, umsila ubekwa kuqala ngemuva nge-engeli engu-90° ukuze ukwazi ukuhlola isisekelo somsila. Kulesi simo, ama-hemipenes amabili abesilisa avelele, ngisho nasezinsaneni ezisanda kuchanyuselwa. Isifunda se-cloacal sihlolelwa ukungcola. Khona-ke isandla sokudla sipampa i-coelomic cavity (hhayi ngokungangabazi kakhulu) ukusuka ku-cranial ukuya ku-caudal. Ngolwazi oluncane, ukwanda komjikelezo, ukwakheka kwegesi, ne-cong, umbuzo ungaphendulwa kalula. Khona-ke imbobo yomlomo iyahlolwa.
Izifo ezivamile
Izifo zama-dragons anentshebe zihlukahlukene futhi zihlanganisa wonke umuthi wezilwane. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi zenzeka kaningi.
isikali
Ukungondleki okwanele kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-tartar. Lokhu kungaholela ekuthelelekeni okuphawulekayo komhlathi. Ngakho-ke, izilwane kufanele zihlolwe njalo futhi, uma kunesidingo, zelashwe ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ngesikhathi sokuqala.
isifo sofuba/inyumoniya
Ukunqwabelana kwamafinyila emlonyeni womlomo kubangela izimpawu ezinkulu zokuphefumula futhi ngokuvamile kuhunyushwa ngokuthi inyumoniya. Kodwa-ke, i-mucus ingase ibe umphumela we-gastritis ebangelwa ukucindezeleka, okuyinto engavamile futhi ayikwazi ukuphathwa ngama-antibiotics. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amagciwane okunzima ukuwabona e-hematogenous angangena emaphashini futhi abangele inyumoniya yezinga eliphezulu okunzima ukuyelapha. Ngokufanelekile, ukutshalwa kwamagciwane nge-antibiogram ngakho-ke kuzodingeka kwenziwe ngezinto eziphuma emaphashini (i-transthoracic pulmoscopy yokuqoqwa kwesampula), okumba eqolo ekusebenzeni. I-tracheal swabs okungenani iyisinyathelo esiqonde endleleni efanele.
i-parasitosis
Ukuhlolwa kwe-fecal okuvamile kuphakathi kwezinyathelo ezinengqondo ze-prophylactic. Ama-oxyurids avame kakhulu ezihuquzelayo ngokuvamile. Njengoba inomjikelezo wokukhula oqondile futhi iyingozi empilweni uma ihlaselwe, kufanele zelashwe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngeshwa, akukho ukuhlobana phakathi kwe-infestation density kanye nokuphuma kweqanda. Ukuqeda ku-terrarium kunzima uma kungenakwenzeka.
Ukwelashwa kwe-coccidia kunzima ngokufanayo. Lokhu kungase futhi kube yingozi ezilwaneni ezindala, njengoba zingalimaza udonga lwamathumbu futhi zibangele izifo ze-hematogenous kwezinye izitho (isibindi, amaphaphu, inhliziyo, njll.). Ama-Flagellate ohlobo lwe-trichomonad nawo atholakala kaningi Kufanele elashwe ukuze angagayeki kahle. I-bile duct coccidia ayivamisile ukutholwa. Kokubili ukwelapha nokulawula impumelelo kunzima.
ukuqunjelwa
Akuvamile ukuthi izilwane zizame ukunxephezela ukuntuleka kwamaminerali ngokuthatha isihlabathi namanye ama-substrates. Ngokuya nge-substance kanye nezinga, ukuqunjelwa okukhulu kuwumphumela. Ukwelashwa kusondela ngokufakwa (isixazululo se-Ringer, 10-20 ml/kg), ukudla okunothe nge-fiber, ukudlidliza, ama-ns, nama-enema akusebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwesinye isikhathi ukulungiswa kokuhlinzwa akugwemeki. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kapharafini kufanele kungabe kusasebenza manje.
isimo esiphuthumayo
Uma ama-dragons anentshebe egcinwa emaqenjini obulili obuxubile, ingcindezi yocansi kwabesifazane ngokuvamile iba phezulu kakhulu. Izimpawu zokuntula zivela ngaphambi kwe-clutch yesithathu ngokulandelana futhi izinqolobane ze-calcium azisanele ukuqala inqubo yokubeka. Ifomu elikhethekile liwubunzima bokubeka i-preovulatory. Yilapho kwenzeka khona i-ovarian follicular stasis. Nakuba inkinga yokubeka yakudala isengaxazululwa ngezithako ze-calcium (10–100 mg/kg) ne-oxytocin (4 IU/kg), ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa okusheshayo kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale i-follicular stasis. Njengoba zonke izimo zandulelwa yisigaba eside se-vitellogenesis (ukwakheka kwe-yolk), kukhona amadiphozithi amaningi esibindi. Lokhu kungaphazamisa kakhulu i-metabolism yama-anesthetics.
i-bile stasis
Idiphozithi ye-calcium-protein ehlobene nokudla ku-gallbladder ijwayelekile kumadragoni anentshebe. Lezi ekuqaleni ziyi-rubbery bese ziqina ngokubala. Ukuxilongwa okuvivinyayo kungenziwa ngokushaya i-gallbladder evinjiwe futhi kuqinisekiswe i-ultrasound. I-gallbladder idinga ukuvulwa ngokuhlinzwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uyikhiphe.
i-nephropathy
Ukuzondla ngokudla okunamaprotheni kakhulu (izinambuzane zokudla), okuthandwa ngabagcini nabathengisi, ngokushesha noma kamuva kuholela ekulimaleni okuhlala njalo ezinso. Zonke izinhlobo ze-gout ezaziwayo zenzeka. Ngakho-ke amazinga e-uric acid kufanele ahlolwe njalo, ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni ezindala. Iseluleko sokuqala sokudla okunempilo sinenani eliphakeme kakhulu le-prophylactic.
ukulimala kokulunywa
Njengoba ama-dragons anentshebe engahambisani, ngokuvamile ukulimala kokulunywa, ikakhulukazi lapho ukhulisa izilwane ezincane ndawonye. Izinzwane kanye nechopho lomsila kuthinteka kakhulu. Nakuba izinzwane zivame ukunqunywa ngokulunywa, i-necrosis eyomile ekhuphukayo yomsila ivamile emsila. Le necrosis ikhuphuka ize ifike lapho konakala khona igazi eliya emsileni, okuvamise ukungabonakali. Uma nje i-necrosis yomile, ukunqunywa kufanele kugwenywe, njengoba i-necrosis izoqhubeka nokukhuphuka ngisho nangemva kokunqunywa kwesitho okucatshangwa ukuthi sibalulekile.
Ezilwaneni ezindala, ukulimala kokulunywa kwenzeka kaningi ngendlela yokuluma entanyeni. Lokhu kuvame ukuphilisa ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ngaphandle uma kukhona okunye ukulunywa endaweni elimele. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukugcina abesilisa nabesifazane kuphela ndawonye ngezinye izikhathi.
Imijovo, ukudonsa igazi
Ukubaluleka kwesistimu yemithambo yezinso-portal ezilwaneni ezihuquzelayo akukakahlolisiswa ngokugcwele. Noma kunjalo, isiqubulo siwukwenza izicelo ezingaphansi kwe-subcutaneous kanye ne-intramuscular kuphela ngaphambi kwesithathu somzimba. Izicelo ze-Intramuscular zenziwa emisipha yomgogodla wezingalo ezingenhla ngokuhambisana ne-humer. Indawo yesikhumba esithambile endaweni ye-armpit ifanele isicelo se-subcutaneous. Igazi liyathathwa futhi lilawulwe ngomthambo we-ventral tail vein. Ezilwaneni zesilisa, igazi akufanele lithathwe eduze kakhulu ne-cloaca ukuze kugwenywe ukulimaza izitho zokubopha kanye nemishini yazo yokubamba.
I-anesthesia ejwayelekile
Izimiso ze-anesthesia elinganiselayo ziyasebenza nasezihuquzelayo. Ngakho-ke, kunezinqubo ezihlukene zokubulala izinzwa zamadragoni anentshebe kuye ngenkomba, ukugula kwangaphambilini, nesimo. Izinga lokushisa le-ambient nalo lidlala indima ebalulekile: kuphela emazingeni okushisa athandwayo, lokho okubizwa nge-POTZ (indawo ekhethwayo yokushisa ephezulu), okuthi odrako abanentshebe iphakathi kuka-30 °C no-40 °C esiphezulu. amanga, i-metabolism isebenza kahle futhi imithamo ekhonjisiwe ikhombisa umphumela wayo. Uhlobo olulodwa olungaba khona luqala ngomjovo oxubile we-ketamine (10 mg/kg) kanye ne-medetomidine (100 µg/kg) SC. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-20, isilwane kufanele sikwazi ukungeniswa futhi i-anesthesia ingagcinwa nge-isoflurane (i-oxygen njengegesi elithwala).
Isiphetho
Amadragoni anentshebe ayinkimbinkimbi ezidingweni zawo zezokwelapha njenganoma yisiphi esinye isilwane. Ngakho-ke, lesi sihloko singanikeza kuphela uhlaka olunzima lokunakekelwa kwezilwane.
Umbuzo Ovame Ukubuzwa
Ingabe amadragoni anentshebe afanele abasaqalayo?
Yimaphi ama-dragons anentshebe afanele abaqalayo? Abasaqalayo kufanele bakhethe udrako onentshebe encane (i-Pogona henry lawson) kanye nodrako onezintshebe ezinemigqa (Pogona vitticeps).
Mangaki amadragoni anentshebe okufanele uwagcine?
Kufanele uwagcine kanjani amadragons anentshebe? Odrako abanentshebe babodwa. Ukuzigcina zodwa ku-terrarium ngakho-ke kulungele izinhlobo. Uma ufuna iqembu lama-dragons anentshebe, kufanele ugcine owesilisa oyedwa kuphela endaweni ye-terrarium.
Yiziphi izilwane ongazigcina namadragoni anentshebe?
Empeleni, amadragoni anentshebe angahlalisana nezinye izibankwa. Nokho, siyeluleka ngokumelene nalokhu. I-terrarium kufanele ibe nkulu kakhulu futhi ingozi engase ihlupheke izilwane iphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umuntu kufanele agweme ukuhlolwa okunjalo.
Udinga ukushisa okungakanani udrako onentshebe?
Uma kunezinkinga nge-molting, izimo zezindlu, ikakhulukazi umswakama kanye nokuqukethwe kwevithamini / amaminerali, kufanele kuhlolwe. Izidingo zokuklama isimo sezulu: Izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi kufanele libe phakathi kuka-26 no-28°C nokufudumala kwendawo kufika ku-45°C. Ebusuku izinga lokushisa liyehla libe ngu-20 kuya ku-23°C.
Udrako onentshebe udinga ukulala isikhathi esingakanani?
Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi baphinde bathola umehluko othile: umjikelezo wokulala wezibankwa, isibonelo, uvamile futhi uyashesha kakhulu: ezingeni lokushisa elingu-27 degrees Celsius, umjikelezo wokulala uthatha cishe imizuzwana engu-80 kuphela. Ngokuphambene, ihlala cishe imizuzu engama-30 emakati futhi cishe imizuzu engama-60 kuye kwengama-90 kubantu.
Yiziphi izithelo ezingadliwa odrako abanentshebe?
Izithelo ezinconyiwe zamadragoni anentshebe ama-apula, umango, nama-strawberry. Ukhukhamba, utamatisi, upelepele, nama-blueberries. Kufanele uhlale kude nezithelo ezisawolintshi nezinye izithelo ezinokuqukethwe kwe-asidi ephezulu.
Ungakwazi yini ukuthatha amadragoni anentshebe esandleni sakho?
Izilwane zibekezelela ukuthintwa kuphela ngoba zivame ukuba nemvelo ezolile. Nokho, ngokomthetho, amadragoni anentshebe asendaweni yawo yokuhlala, okuyi-terrarium kuleli cala. Kufanele zikhishwe kuphela ukuze zivakashelwe odokotela bezilwane noma zifakwe endaweni ebiyelwe ngaphandle.
Ingabe udrako onentshebe angaluma?
Amadragoni anentshebe angaluma ngoba anamazinyo. Amathuba okuthi udrako onentshebe akulume mancane kakhulu ngoba ngokuvamile ayizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezolile futhi ezijwayele ukubhekana nabantu kusukela ekuzalweni.
Kubiza malini udrako onentshebe ukumnakekela?
Ngisho nezindleko zesitsha samanzi, i-substrate, noma i-thermometer ingangeza ngokushesha isamba esihlelekile. Okokuqala, kufanele uhlele cishe ama-euro angama-400.