UMary Allen
Isikhova singesinye sezikhova ezisabalele kakhulu emhlabeni: sihlala emazwenikazi amahlanu.
Izici
Zibukeka kanjani izikhova zasesibayeni?
Izikhova zezikhova zinesimo esijwayelekile sezikhova: amehlo asekhanda lazo eliyindilinga abheke phambili futhi awekho ohlangothini lwekhanda njengezinye izinyoni. Zingahlukaniswa kuzo zonke ezinye izikhova ngezimpawu zazo ezijwayelekile, ezimise okwenhliziyo, ezimhlophe ebusweni, lokho okubizwa ngeveli lobuso.
Izikhova ze-Barn zingamasentimitha angama-33 kuya ku-35 ubude futhi zinesisindo esiphakathi kuka-300 no-350 amagremu. Ubude bamaphiko bungamasentimitha angama-85 kuye kwangama-95. Ezisikazi zikhudlwana kuneziduna. Iqolo lazo linombala osagolide onsundu, ingaphansi linonsundu ngokugqwala ukuya komhlophe. Zonke izimpaphe zawo zimbozwe amachashaza amnyama anjengeveli. Uqhwaku luphuzi ukuya kokumpunga-mhlophe. Izikhova zezikhova zinezimpiko ezinde, ezicijile ezinwebeka ngamasentimitha ambalwa ngaphezu kwemisila yazo lapho zihlezi - inkomba yokuthi izikhova ezingotsheni zizingela endle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izikhova zasehlathini zinamaphiko amafushane ayindilinga. Ngenxa yalezi zici, ezizihlukanisa kwezinye izikhova, ososayensi baye bahlukanisa izikhova ezingosini emndenini wazo, iTytonidae.
Zihlala kuphi izikhova zasesibayeni?
Izikhova zase-Barn zitholakala eYurophu, e-Asia, eNyakatho Melika, e-Afrika nase-Australia. Bahlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi naseziqhingini eziningi ezisolwandle. Lapho ikakhulukazi bahlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Izifunda ezipholile kuphela ze-Arctic ne-Antarctica ezingakanqotshwa.
Izikhova zasebarn zihlala ezindaweni ezinamatshe. Kodwa-ke, njengoba bebizwa ngokuthi "abalandeli bamasiko", bahlala ezindaweni zokuhlala abantu futhi baqoqe izinqolobane, imibhoshongo, nezakhiwo ezindala lapho. Ngezinye izikhathi baze baphile njengabaqaphi ezindlini zamajuba.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezikhova ezikhona?
Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye kanye nezinhlobo ezingama-36 zezikhova ezingomakhelwane emhlabeni jikelele.
Izikhova zasesibayeni ziba neminyaka emingaki?
Izikhova zasebarn ziphila isikhathi eside impela: zingaphila iminyaka eyi-15 kuye kwengama-20. Nokho, kunezilwane ezimbalwa kuphela ezifinyelela eminyakeni ephakeme kangaka. Iningi lineminyaka emine nje ubudala.
Behave
Ziphila kanjani izikhova zasesibayeni?
Ebusuku izikhova zasesibayeni ziyavuka ziyozingela. Bese endizela emasimini nasemadlelweni, lapho ikakhulukazi ezingela amagundane nama-shrews, ngezinye izikhathi nezinye izinyoni noma izilwane ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini kanye nezinambuzane. Izikhova zasesibayeni zizingela phakathi kokuhlwa naphakathi kwamabili namahora amabili ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa.
Emini izilwane ziyaphumula futhi zihlala endaweni yazo yokuphumula. Uma bezizwa besongelwa, bahlala benganyakazi futhi bancinze ubuso bazo ndawonye ukuze amehlo abo amakhulu angabonakali. Nakuba izikhova ezingotshwala zihlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, zithanda izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abakwazi ukudla amadiphozithi amafutha. Ebusika obubandayo kungenzeka ukuthi kufike kumaphesenti angama-90 ezilwane emhlambini zife. Uma zisinda, ngokuvamile ziba buthaka kakhulu ukuba zingazalana ngemva kobusika obushubile.
Izikhova ze-Barn zihlala ku-monogamy. Lapho iduna nensikazi sebetholene, bayoshada unyaka nonyaka ukuphila kwabo konke. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, izikhova zasesibayeni zihlala zodwa futhi zihlala zodwa. Ngokungafani nezinye izikhova, izikhova ezingotsheni zingaveza imizwa ngezimpawu zazo zobuso: zibonisa intukuthelo, ukwesaba, noma ukumangala futhi zenze ngisho nobuso bangempela.
Abangane nezitha zezikhova zasesibayeni
Ngaphandle kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, ukudla okuyivelakancane kuyisitha esikhulu sesikhova esisesibayeni: eminyakeni lapho kunamagundane ambalwa, eziningi zalezi zikhova zibulawa indlala. Abaningi baphinde bagijinywe izimoto ngesikhathi bezingela emazingeni aphansi emigwaqweni.
Zizalana kanjani izikhova?
Izikhova ze-Barn zivuthwa ngokocansi cishe ngonyaka owodwa ubudala. Isikhathi sokuzalanisa izikhova ezingotsheni sisentwasahlobo. Kusukela ngoFebhruwari, abesilisa benza imisindo esabekayo eklabalasayo ukuze bahehe uthando lwabesifazane. Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, iduna linikeza insikazi igundane elifile bese liyibonisa indawo ezalela kuyo.
Kusukela ngo-April noma ngoMeyi ezinsikazi ngokuvamile zizalela amane kuya kwayisikhombisa, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nayishumi nambili, amaqanda amhlophe endaweni engenalutho yendawo yokuzalela. Abakhi isidleke. Ngokuvamile amaqanda awabekelwa kanyekanye, kodwa ahlukaniswe izinsuku ezimbalwa. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi insikazi iqala ukufukamela ngokushesha ngemva kokubekela iqanda lokuqala, amaphuphu achanyuselwa izinsuku ezimbalwa ehlukene futhi awafani ncamashi ngeminyaka. Umehluko weminyaka ungaba amasonto amabili.
Phakathi kwe-oviposition kanye nokuchanyuselwa kunezinsuku ezingaba ngu-30 kuya kwezingama-32. Ngesonto lokuqala, insikazi iyafukamela futhi eyeduna ilethe ukudla. Ngemva kwalokho, bobabili abazali bayashintshana.
Ngalesi sikhathi, izikhova ezizikhova ezinamazinyane azo zidinga cishe amagundane ayikhulu ngenyanga. Eminyakeni lapho ukudla kuyinala, wonke amazinyane ayaphumelela. Nokho, lapho ukudla kuyindlala, izingane zakwabo ezincane zivame ukufa, zilahlekelwa yizinsizwa ezindala, ezinamandla lapho zifuna ukudla.
Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kunonya, kuqinisekisa ukuthi okungenani izinyoni ezimbili noma ezintathu ezincane zondliwe ngokwanele futhi zinamandla ngokwanele ukuba ziphile. Izikhova ezincane ze-barn zibaleka cishe ezinsukwini ezingu-60 futhi ngemva kwamasonto ayishumi izikhova ezincane zizimele.
Izikhova zasesibayeni zizingela kanjani?
Izikhova zezikhova zingabazingeli abahle kakhulu. Amehlo abo angakwazi ukubona ukunyakaza okuphansi ikakhulukazi futhi angabona kahle, ikakhulukazi ebumnyameni. Zibuye zizwe kahle kakhulu futhi zicoshe ukunyakaza kwazo okuncane. Amagundane asengawezwa ngaphansi kwamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili eqhwa. Uma isikhova sesibona isilwane esizingelayo, sintweza buthule phezu kwesisulu saso bese sisibamba ngezinzipho ezinde.