UMary Allen
Ama-arthropods awuhlobo lwezilwane. Zihlanganisa izinambuzane, ama-millipedes, izinkalankala, nama-arachnids. Lokho ngamakilasi amane. Isigaba sesihlanu, ama-trilobite, asevele ashabalala. Izingxenye ezine kwezinhlanu zazo zonke izilwane emhlabeni ziyi-arthropods.
Ama-arthropods atholakala emhlabeni wonke. Eziningi zibhekwa njengenzuzo kubantu, ikakhulukazi izinambuzane ezithutha izimbali. Siphinde sidla ezinye izinhlobo, njengama-lobster noma izimfanzi. Uju siluthola ezinyosini nosilika emibuthweni kasilika. Kwamanye amazwe, abantu bathanda ukudla ama-arthropod ahlukene. Nalapha futhi, ziya ngokuya ziba ziningi emapuletini ethu, njengezintethe noma izikelemu.
Kodwa futhi sibheka ezinye njengezinambuzane: amabhungane athile alimaza ihlathi, futhi izintwala zimunca ubisi emaqabunga ezitshalo zasengadini, zibangele ukuba zife. Lapho isikelemu sidla ukudla kwethu, asisabhekwa njengenzuzo, kodwa futhi njengezinambuzane.
Unjani umzimba we-arthropod?
Ama-arthropods ane-exoskeleton. Leli igobolondo elifana nelembaza noma isikhumba esiqinile. Kumele ziwachithe kaningi ukuze zikwazi ukukhula. Umzimba wakho wakhiwe izingxenye ezahlukene ezibizwa ngokuthi amasegmenti. Ungababona kahle kakhulu ezinyosini, isibonelo. Zinemilenze engxenyeni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, zibonakala ngokucacile kuma-millipedes.
Ama-arthropods amaningi aphefumula nge-tracheae. Lezi iziteshi zomoya ezinhle eziholela yonke indawo ngesikhumba ukuya emzimbeni. Lokhu kunikeza umzimba wakho umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kwenzeka “ngokuzenzakalelayo”, okusho ukuthi lezi zilwane azikwazi ukuphefumula nokuphuma ngokuqaphela. Amanye ama-arthropods aphefumula ngamagill. Njengezinhlanzi, bangazisebenzisela ukuphefumula ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ama-arthropod amaningi anezimpondo, ezibizwa nangokuthi “imizwa”. Ngeke nje uzwe okuthile ngayo, ungaphinde uyinuke. Kwabanye, lezi zimpondo ziqukethe izixhumanisi eziningi ezingakwazi ukuzihambisa ngazinye. Ambalwa ama-arthropods angenazo izimpondo. Ngabo, imilenze yangaphambili ithatha le misebenzi.
Ama-arthropods anenhliziyo enomgodi owodwa. Ayimpompe igazi, kodwa kunalokho uketshezi olufanayo emzimbeni olubizwa nge-hemolymph. Bathi "i-hemolums". Izitho zokugaya ukudla zihlanganisa isisu, noma isivuno nje, esifana nesikhwama sokudla. Bese kulandela amathumbu. Kukhona nezitho ezifana nezinso eziqeda amanzi nemfucuza. Indle nomchamo kushiya umzimba ngendlela efanayo yokuphuma, i-cloaca.
Ama-arthropods afika kwabesilisa nabesifazane abahlangana ukuze bakhiqize abasha. Insikazi izalela amaqanda noma izale ukuze iphile isencane. Abanye abazali banakekela amaphuphu abo, abanye bashiya amaqanda ukuze azinakekele.