UMary Allen
I-zoo yindawo lapho izilwane zihlala khona ezivalekile. Izivakashi zingazibona lapho. Izilwane zinakekelwa futhi zondliwa abantu. Igama livela "engadini yezilwane". I-Zoology isayensi ephathelene nezilwane. Amanye amagama athi “ipaki yezilwane” nelithi “menagerie”.
Abantu baye bagcina izilwane zasendle izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Namuhla, abanikazi be-zoo bathi: Izivakashi akufanele nje zize e-zoo ngoba zijabulela ukubona izilwane. Izivakashi nazo kufanele zifunde okuthile. Nokho, kukhona nabantu abangacabangi ukuthi kukuhle ukuvalela izilwane zasendle.
Kukhona okungenani i-zoo eyodwa cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni. Ezinye zinkulu, ezinye zincane. Akuwona wonke umuntu onezilwane "ezingavamile" ezivela emazweni akude. EJalimane kuphela, ungavakashela ama-zoo angaphezu kuka-800. Bavakashelwa izigidi eziningi zabantu.
Okuthile okufana ne-zoo ipaki yezilwane zasendle noma i-safari park. Izilwane ngokuvamile zinendawo enkulu lapho. Izivakashi zivunyelwe kuphela ezindleleni ezithile ezinqamula epaki. Epaki ye-safari, bavame ukushayela ngoba kunezilwane eziyingozi ezigijima epaki: amabhubesi, isibonelo.
Abantu bayisungula nini i-zoo?
Ngisho ezikhathini zasendulo, ababusi nabacebile babenezivande ababevalela kuzo izilwane. I-Schönbrunn Zoo eseVienna isineminyaka engaphezu kuka-250 ikhona. Iyi-zoo endala kunazo zonke esekhona nanamuhla.
I-zoo yokuqala yesimanje yasungulwa eLondon ngo-1828. Empeleni yayihloselwe ukusiza ososayensi ukuze bakwazi ukufunda kangcono izilwane. Kodwa injongo yangempela yayiwukujabulisa abantu baseLondon. Yingakho lakhiwe phakathi nomuzi. I-London Zoo yaba imodeli kwamanye ama-zoo amaningi.
Yini ekhona ema-zoo?
Uma ucabanga nge-zoo, into yokuqala efika emqondweni yizindawo lapho izilwane zihlala khona: amakheji, izindawo ezivalekile, ama-aquariums, nokunye. Ngokwesibonelo, kunendlu yezinkawu enamakheji ezinkawu kanye namaphasishi ezivakashi. Futhi, idinga izakhiwo zabantu abasebenza ezu, njengabagcini be-zoo. Izakhiwo ezinjalo ziphinde zifake izinto ezisetshenziswayo, isibonelo, ukuhlanza ikheji.
Izivakashi kufanele zibe nosuku oluhle e-zoo. Ngokuvamile kuba nezinkundla zokudlala zezingane. Amanye ama-zoo anezindawo zamabhayisikobho ezibonisa amafilimu ezilwane. Ezitolo zezikhumbuzo, isibonelo, ungathenga imifanekiso yezilwane. Okokugcina, izivakashi kufanele zikwazi ukuthenga okuthile okudliwayo nokuphuzwayo.
Amanye ama-zoo madala kakhulu. Kungakho kunezakhiwo ezindala zokuthakasela kuwo, ezithakaselekayo ngokwazo. Izifanekiso ezibonisa izilwane noma abaqondisi be-zoo bakudala nazo zivamile.
Enzani ama-zoo?
Namuhla abanikazi be-zoo ngokuvamile bathi i-zoo inemisebenzi eminingana. Ngokwesibonelo, i-zoo ilapho ngenjongo yokuzijabulisa nokuzilibazisa kwabantu. Ngakho uya e-zoo ngoba uthanda ukubona izilwane. Futhi, abantu abaningi bakuthola kuphumule futhi kuzolile ezu.
I-zoo kufanele futhi ifundise abantu okuthile. Kunolwazi ngezimpawu ezinkambeni nasezindaweni ezivalekile: ukuthi isilwane sibizwa ngani, sivelaphi, esikudlayo, nokunye. Izisebenzi zase-zoo zachazela izivakashi okuthile ngezilwane. Amakilasi esikole nawo avakashela ama-zoo.
Uma abantu bazi kabanzi ngezilwane, bangase bakuthole kubalulekile ukuthi izilwane zivikelwe. Abantu kufanele bamele imvelo futhi baphile ngokuqaphela. Bese kuba nethuba elikhulu lokuthi izilwane ngeke zisasongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
Abantu abasebenza e-zoo bafunda okuningi ngezilwane abazinakekelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi baseziqiwini benza ucwaningo ngezilwane. Ngalolu lwazi ungakwazi, isibonelo, ukusiza izilwane ezigulayo kangcono, noma ungafunda ukuthi indawo yazo kufanele ibe njani. Ososayensi bangabona izilwane kalula ema-zoo kunasendle.
Phela izilwane zizalelwa eziqiwini, ezingeziningi emhlabeni. Ngale ndlela, kungase kulondolozwe uhlobo oluthile olwalungashabalala endle. Ama-zoo aphinde adedele izilwane endle, okusho ukuthi azethula ngesineke izilwane ezizalelwa ema-zoo emvelweni. Lezi zilwane zingabe seziphila futhi zizalane ngokwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ama-zoo kufanele avikele izilwane eziphilayo.
Kungani wonke umuntu engawathandi ama-zoo?
Ezikhathini zasendulo, izilwane zazivalelwa emakhejini amancane. Lokhu kuvame ukuhluka namuhla, okungenani kwamanye ama-zoo. Izilwane zinendawo eningi ezindaweni ezivalekile futhi zingahoxa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Noma kunjalo, izilwane zihlala zivaliwe. Ikakhulukazi ezilwaneni zasendle, okungukuthi azikho izilwane ezifuywayo, impilo enjalo idabukisa kakhulu, iyadina kakhulu, noma icindezela kakhulu. Azikwazi ukuzulazula endalweni noma ukugwema ezinye izilwane. Oshaka abahlale bebhukuda bezungeza noma izinkawu ezihlale zenza into efanayo abazona izilwane ezijabule.
Ngezinye izikhathi ama-zoo adedela izilwane ziye endle, ngakho lezi zilwane zisahlala endle. Kodwa lokho akuvamile ukwenzeka. Uma isilwane sise-zoo, khona-ke sikhohliwe noma asifundanga nhlobo ukuthi singasinda kanjani emvelweni. Ngokwesibonelo, ayazi ukuthi ingathola kanjani okuthile okuzokudla yona.
Ngokuphambene, ama-zoo amaningi avumela izilwane ukuba zibanjwe endle. Yingakho kunezilwane eziningi futhi ezihlukene kangaka e-zoo namuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izilwane azigugi kakhulu ema-zoo kodwa zibulawa izifo. Khona-ke ama-zoo kufanele abambe izilwane ezintsha futhi.
Ungabona kahle izilwane eziziqiwini. Lokho kuhle ocwaningweni. Kodwa izilwane ezise-zoo azihlali ziziphatha ngendlela ebezingaziphatha ngayo emvelweni. Yingakho abanye abantu becabanga kabi ngocwaningo olunjalo.
Labo abamelene nama-zoo ngokuvamile abakholelwa ukuthi izivakashi zifunda okuningi ngempela ngezilwane. Izivakashi eziningi zifuna nje ukubona izilwane futhi zibe nosuku oluhle. Abalwela amalungelo ezilwane bathi abanandaba nokuhlupheka kwezilwane. Abanye abantu baphazamisa izilwane ngamabomu, bazigcone, noma balahle udoti ezindaweni ezivalekile.
Ama-zoo amaningi angamabhizinisi afuna ukwenza imali. Kubo, kubalulekile ukuthi izivakashi eziningi zize. Izilwane azikhuliswa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngoba zisongelwa ngokushabalala, kodwa kunezilwane ezinhle zezingane okufanele uzibuke. Abagxeki bathi: Lapho izingane zezilwane zikhula, zivame ukudayiswa kwamanye ama-zoo noma zibulawe.
Kuthiwani ngokubukisa abantu ema-zoo?
Abanye ababhali bawuthola uthakazelisa lo mcabango: Kuthiwani uma kufika abafokazi bakhiyele abantu ema-zoo? Kunezindaba lapho abakwamanye amazwe zindiza endaweni yonke kuma-UFO abo futhi bathathe izidalwa ezimbalwa bahambe nazo eplanethini ngayinye. Abantu abakulezi zindaba bazizwa bevaleleke bese bezama ukubaleka.
Kodwa empeleni, abantu babebukiswa eziqiwini. Emazweni acebile aseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, abantu babefuna ukubona ukuthi hlobo luni lwabantu oluhlala emakoloni ase-Afrika, ngokwesibonelo. Laba bantu baboniswa ezu noma esekisini, ngendlela efanayo nendlela izilwane eziboniswa ngayo. Umbukiso onjalo wawubizwa ngokuthi “Völkerschau”, “Human Zoo”, “Colonial Show”, “African Village” noma enye into.
EJalimane, i-Tierpark Hagenbeck eseHamburg yaqala ukubonisa abantu. Lokho kwenzeka ngo-1874. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakunzima kubantu abamnyama ukuthola umsebenzi ovamile eJalimane. Yingakho abanye besebenze emibukisweni yezizwe, kuhlanganise nezingane. Kamuva babika indlela ababenamahloni ngayo: babebukwa njengezilwane zasendle.
Ngo-1940 i-"Völkerschau" yaphela eJalimane: I-National Socialists yavimbela abantu abamnyama ukuba benze konke. Kamuva ayisekho “imibukiso ye-ethnological”. Esinye isizathu salokhu kwakuyithelevishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaJalimane amaningi ayekwazi ukuzihambela ngokwawo kwamanye amazwe. Namuhla, le “miboniso” ibhekwa njengobandlululo nokululaza.