UMary Allen
Ukuthi i-goldfish, ama-guppies, noma i-carp: izinhlanzi ziphakathi kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezidume kakhulu zamaJalimane futhi zihlala ezindaweni ezihlala emanzini ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.9 ezweni lonke. Nokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane, kuncane esikwaziyo ngezinhlanzi. Noma ingabe uke wacabanga ukuthi kungani izinhlanzi zineziqephu nokuthi zigula yini ngenxa yamagagasi anyakazayo? Cha? Khona-ke sekuyisikhathi sokubhekana nezakhamuzi eziphila ngaphansi kwamanzi. Banezinto ezimbalwa ezingalindelekile futhi emakhulwini eminyaka adlule baye benza izindlela ezijabulisayo eziqinisekisa ukusinda kwabo emachibini nasezilwandle zomhlaba wethu.
Ingabe Izinhlanzi Kufanele Ziphuze?
Yiqiniso, nakuba izinhlanzi bezizungezwe amanzi impilo yazo yonke, zidinga ukuphuza njalo. Ngoba, njengazo zonke izilwane nezitshalo, isimiso esithi “ngaphandle kwamanzi, akukho ukuphila” siyasebenza nakuzo. Nokho, ngokungafani nathi bahlali basemhlabeni, izinhlanzi zasemanzini ahlanzekile aziwaphuzi ngokuqhubekayo amanzi, kodwa kunalokho, ziwangenisa ngokuzenzekelayo ngolwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye nangaphezulu komzimba wazo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi usawoti omningi emizimbeni yezilwane uphakeme kunendawo ezizungezile ngakho-ke amanzi angena ngokwemvelo ezinhlanzini ukuze kunxeshezelwe lokhu kungalingani (isimiso se-osmosis).
Isimo sihluke ngandlela thile ngezinhlanzi zasemanzini anosawoti: Lapha okuqukethwe kukasawoti emanzini kungaphezu kwalokho okusemzimbeni wezinhlanzi. Ngakho-ke, isilwane silahlekelwa amanzi unomphela endaweni yaso. Ukuze kulungiswe lokhu kulahlekelwa koketshezi, inhlanzi kufanele iphuze. Ukuze usawoti ucwecwe emanzini, uMama Wemvelo uye wahlomisa abantu abahlala emanzini ngamaqhinga ahlukahlukene: Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zisebenzisa izimbotshana zazo, ezinye zinezindlala ezikhethekile emathunjini eziphatha amanzi olwandle ukuze zenze amanzi okuphuza. Izinhlanzi zibe sezikhipha usawoti omningi ngamathumbu azo.
Ingabe Izinhlanzi Ziyakwazi Ukulala?
Lo mbuzo ungaphendulwa ngokuthi “yebo” olula. Ukuze ubhekane nempilo yansuku zonke ngempumelelo futhi uphinde ushaje amabhethri, izinhlanzi nazo zidinga ukulala.
Nokho, ukulala kancane akulula neze ukukubona njengoba kwenzeka kithina bantu. Izinhlanzi azinawo amajwabu amehlo futhi zilala zivule amehlo. Ukulala nakho kuyahluka ngezinye izindlela: Nakuba ukushaya kwenhliziyo kwazo kuncipha futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuncishisiwe, izilinganiso zibonisa ukuthi izinhlanzi azinazo izigaba zokulala okujulile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziwela ohlotsheni lwesimo sokuhwalala esingaphazanyiswa ngokushesha ukunyakaza kwamanzi noma isiyaluyalu. Akumangalisi, ngoba i-guppy elele ngokujulile noma i-neon tetra ingaba ukudla okuhle kwezinhlanzi ezidla inyama elambile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi eziningi zilala. Amanye ama-wrasses nama-stingrays, isibonelo, azingcwaba esihlabathini ngesikhathi sokulala, kuyilapho ama-damselfish ekhasa kumakhorali abukhali.
Kungani Izinhlanzi Zinezikali?
Izikali azinakushintshwa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinhlanzi, njengoba ziqinisa umzimba wezinhlanzi futhi ziwuvikele ekuhutsheni ezitshalweni noma ematsheni. Amapuleti agqagqene enziwe ngento efana nezinzipho zethu futhi aqukethe umcako. Lokhu kuzenza ziqine futhi zivumelane nezimo ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlanzi zingakwazi ukugoba kalula emifantwini ewumngcingo noma ezintubeni zokungena emigedeni. Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi i-flake iwele. Nokho, lokhu akuyona inkinga njengoba ngokuvamile ikhula ngokushesha.
Noma ubani owake wathinta inhlanzi uyazi futhi ukuthi izinhlanzi ngokuvamile ziyashelela. Lokhu kubangelwa ulwelwesi lwamafinyila oluncane oluvala izikali. Ivikela izinhlanzi ekungeneni kwamagciwane futhi iqinisekise ukuthi zikwazi ukutshuza kalula emanzini ngenkathi zibhukuda.
Ingabona Kahle Kangakanani Izinhlanzi?
Njengathi bantu, izinhlanzi zinalokho okubizwa ngokuthi amehlo e-lens, azenza zikwazi ukubona izinhlangothi ezintathu futhi zibone imibala. Nokho, ngokungafani nabantu, izinhlanzi zingakwazi ukubona ngokucacile izinto nezinto eziseduze (kuze kufike kumitha), njengoba zingenayo indlela yokuguqula abafundi bazo ngokuhamba kwe-iris.
Nokho, lokhu akuyona inkinga, futhi imvelo yayihlose ukuba kube kanjalo: Phela, izinhlanzi eziningi zihlala emanzini adungekile namnyama, ukuze ukubona okungcono kungabi nangqondo noma kunjalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanzi zinomqondo wesithupha - okuthiwa i-lateral line organ. Ilala ngaphansi nje kwesikhumba futhi idlulele nhlangothi zombili zomzimba isuka ekhanda iye esihlokweni somsila. Ngayo, inhlanzi ingakwazi ukuzwa izinguquko ezincane kunazo zonke ekugelezeni kwamanzi futhi ngokushesha ibone lapho izitha, izinto, noma ukulunywa okumnandi kwenyamazane kusondela.
Kungani Izinhlanzi Zingachotshozwa Ukucindezela Kwamanzi?
Uma sitshuza abantu ekujuleni kwamamitha ambalwa, kungaba yingozi kithi ngokushesha. Ngoba lapho sicwila sijula, kuyanda umfutho wamanzi emizimbeni yethu. Ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha ayishumi nanye, isibonelo, amandla ezimoto ezingaba ngu-100,000 asebenza kithi futhi enze ukusinda ngaphandle kwebhola le-diving kungenzeki nhlobo. Okuhlaba umxhwele nakakhulu ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zisabhukuda imizila yazo ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha amaningana futhi azibonakali zizwa ingcindezi nhlobo. Kanjani
Incazelo ilula kakhulu: Ngokungafani nabantu abahlala emhlabeni, amangqamuzana ezinhlanzi awagcwaliswa umoya kodwa ngamanzi futhi ngenxa yalokho awakwazi ukuvele aminyaniswe ndawonye. Izinkinga zingavela kuphela ngesinye sokubhukuda senhlanzi. Nokho, lapho kuvela izinhlanzi ezijulile zolwandle, lokhu kungase kuhlanganiswe amandla emisipha noma kumane kungabibikho ngokuphelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo zokubhukuda ezijulile ikakhulukazi ezigcinwa zizinzile ngokukhuphuka kwengcindezi yangaphakathi emzimbeni futhi zingashiyi indawo yazo, njengoba zingaqhuma ngisho naphezu kwamanzi.
Ingabe Izinhlanzi Ziyakwazi Ukukhuluma?
Yiqiniso, ayikho ingxoxo yomuntu nomuntu phakathi kwezinhlanzi. Noma kunjalo, banezinqubo ezihlukene zokuxhumana. Ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi i-clownfish, ikhexisa izivalo zezinyosi zayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela ixosha izitha endaweni yazo, ama-sweetlips axhumana ngokukhuhlana amazinyo.
Ama-Herrings nawo asungule indlela yokusebenzisana ethokozisayo: Aphusha umoya esinyeni sawo sokubhukuda aye emgudwini wendunu futhi ngale ndlela akhiqize umsindo “onjengomdlwane”. Kungenzeka ukuthi izinhlanzi zisebenzisa amazwi azo akhethekile ukuze zixhumane esikoleni. Ngempela, abacwaningi baye baqaphela ukuthi imvamisa ye-pupae iyanda ngenani lama-herrings eqenjini.
Ukuxhumana okuningi phakathi kwezakhamuzi zangaphansi kwamanzi, nokho, akwenzeki ngomsindo, kodwa kunalokho ngokunyakaza nemibala. Ukuze uhlabe umxhwele othandekayo, izinhlanzi eziningi, ngokwesibonelo, zenza imidanso yokumatanisa noma ziveze ingubo yazo echithiwe enemibala ehlaba umxhwele.
Ingabe Izinhlanzi Zingaguliswa Ulwandle?
Uma nje umkhumbi ususukile ethekwini, ingabe uphathwa yikhanda, umjuluko, nokuhlanza? Icala lakudala lokugula olwandle. Kodwa zinjani izidalwa zasolwandle ezilwa namagagasi nsuku zonke? Ingabe Ugonyelwe Ukugula Ulwandle?
Ngeshwa, cha. Ngoba njengathi thina bantu, izinhlanzi nazo zinezitho zokulinganisa, ezitholakala kwesokunxele nakwesokudla sekhanda. Uma inhlanzi ijikijelwa emuva naphambili olwandle olugcwele izinkathazo, ingadideka futhi iphathwe izimpawu zokuguliswa ulwandle. Izinhlanzi ezithintekile ziqala ukuphenduka futhi zizame ukulawula isimo ngale ndlela. Uma lo mzamo wehluleka futhi isicanucanu siba sibi nakakhulu, izinhlanzi zingakwazi ngisho nokuhlanza.
Nokho, endaweni ezihlala kuyo izinhlanzi akuvamile ukuba zibhekane nenkinga yokuguliswa ulwandle, njengoba zikwazi ukuhlehlela shí olwandle lapho zingazizwa kahle futhi kanjalo zigweme amagagasi anamandla. Isimo sihlukile lapho izinhlanzi zidonswa kungazelelwe ngamanetha okuphepha noma - zipakishwe ngokuphepha - zithuthwa ngemoto. Ukuze baqiniseke ukuthi ukufika ekhaya elisha akulona “puke”, abalimi abaningi bayakugwema ukuphakela izinhlanzi zabo ngaphambi kokuba zihanjiswe.