#10 U-Aristotle emibhalweni yakhe wancoma amandla amangalisayo namandla emvelo ezinja zempi.
#11 Izithombe zezinja ezinkulu zitholakala kuma-runestones asaphila kuze kube yilolu suku, zishiwo ku-Old Icelandic epic, "Elder Edda", iqoqo le-Museum of Natural History yaseDenmark lingaziqhayisa ngalabo abatholakala ngesikhathi sokumba. e. kanye nekhulu le-X A.D. e.
#12 Kwaphela isikhathi eside kunokudideka kwangempela mayelana namagama.
I-French Dogue Allemand, i-German Englische Docke, i-English German boarhound, i-German Dogge, i-German Mastiff, kanye ne-Ulmer Dogge, i-Danische Dodge, i-Hatzrude, i-Saupacker, i-Kammerhunde nezinye izinhlobo zamagama, empeleni, yayisho uhlobo olufanayo lwenja, nakuba ivela. - besingekho isidingo sokukhuluma ngohlobo olulodwa lomehluko we-phenotype.