Ngaba amaTodi aseMelika angawutshintsha umbala wolusu?

Amaxoxo aseMelika (Anaxyrus americanus) zizidalwa ezinomdla ezikwaziyo ukutshintsha umbala wolusu lwazo. Olu phawu lukhethekileyo luthabathe ingqalelo yabaphandi kunye nabo bathanda indalo ngokufanayo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga isenzeko sokutshintsha kombala wolusu kumaxoxo aseMelika, izinto eziphembelela olu tshintsho, kunye nokubaluleka kolu hlengahlengiso.

I-Phenomenon yokutshintsha koMbala wolusu

Ukutshintsha kombala wolusu kumaxoxo aseMelika kubhekiselele kubuchule bezi zilwanyana zaselwandle ukuguqula umbala wolusu lwazo. Olu tshintsho lunokubonwa ngemizuzu okanye ixesha elide, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Umbala wesikhumba wexoxo unokuvela kumdaka okhanyayo ukuya kumdaka omnyama, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ude uthabathe umbala obomvu.

Ukuqonda i-American Toad

Ixoxo laseMelika luhlobo oluqhelekileyo olufumaneka kuMntla Melika, ngakumbi kwimimandla esempuma. Ngokuqhelekileyo zincinci ukuya kubukhulu obuphakathi, zifikelela kubude obuyi-intshi ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4. Imizimba yabo igqunywe lulusu olurhabaxa, olunamaqhuqhuva, olubonelela ngokufihlakeleyo kwiindawo abahlala kuzo zendalo.

Izinto Eziphembelela Umbala Wolusu

Ziliqela izinto ezinefuthe kumbala wolusu lwamaxoxo aseMelika. Ezi zinto ziquka ukuziqhelanisa nokuzifihla, ubushushu, iihomoni, ukuzala, ufuzo, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Nganye kwezi zinto inendima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ibala lolusu lwexoxo nangaliphi na ixesha.

Ukuziqhelanisa kunye neCamouflage

Ukukwazi ukutshintsha umbala wesikhumba kukulungelelaniswa okuvumela amaxoxo aseMelika ukuba adibane kunye neendawo eziwangqongileyo. Oku kufihlakala kubanceda baphephe amarhamncwa kwaye kuphucula namathuba abo okusinda. Ngokuhlengahlengisa ibala lolusu lwawo ukuze lihambelane nendawo akuyo, la maxoxo aphantse angabonakali kwizinto ezinokuba yingozi.

Ubushushu kunye nokwahluka koMbala wolusu

Ubushushu bukwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kukwahluka kombala wolusu lwamaxoxo aseMelika. Xa evezwe kumaqondo obushushu ashushu, amaxoxo athanda ukuba nombala wolusu olumnyama. Kwelinye icala, kumaqondo obushushu apholileyo, ulusu lwabo luba khaphukhaphu. Olu tshintsho luxhomekeke kwiqondo lobushushu lucingelwa ukuba luyimpendulo ye-physiological yokulawula ubushushu bomzimba wexoxo.

Indima yeeHormones kuTshintsho loMbala

IiHormone ngomnye uthunywashe ophambili ekutshintsheni kombala wolusu lwamaxoxo aseMerika. Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba ihomoni ye-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) inoxanduva lokulawula umbala webala kula maxoxo. Xa i-MSH ikhutshwa, ivuselela ukuveliswa kwe-melanin, i-pigment eyenza umbala wolusu.

Ukuzala kunye nombala wolusu

Ngexesha lokuzala, amaxoxo angamadoda aseMelika atshintsha ngokuphawulekayo kumbala wolusu. Bavelisa umqala omnyama, owaziwa ngokuba yi "nuptial pad," esetyenziselwa ukutsala amabhinqa. Olu tshintsho lwexeshana kumbala wolusu luphawu olubonakalayo kumaqabane anokuba ngamaqabane, lubonisa ukulungela ukuvelisa kwakhona.

Indima yeGenetics

Imfuza ikwadlala indima ekumiseleni umbala wolusu lwamaxoxo aseMerika. Ukwahluka kofuzo oluthile kunokubangela iipateni ezahlukeneyo zebala. Le yantlukwano yemfuza inegalelo kwiyantlukwano yemibala yolusu ebonwa kubemi baseMelika.

Imiba yokusingqongileyo kunye nombala wolusu

Izinto ezisingqongileyo, ezifana nokukhanya okukhanyayo kunye neempawu zendawo yokuhlala, zinokuchaphazela umbala wolusu lwamaxoxo aseMelika. Umzekelo, amaxoxo ahlala kwindawo enezityalo ezixineneyo anokuba nombala wolusu olukhaphukhaphu ukuze adibane nendawo eyingqongileyo, ngelixa lawo akwindawo yokuhlala evuleleke ngakumbi enokuba nolusu olumnyama ukuze azifihle ngcono.

Uphando ngamaToad aseMelika

Izazinzulu ziye zenza uphando olubanzi malunga namaxoxo aseMelika ukuqonda iindlela ezisemva kokutshintsha kombala wolusu. Olu phononongo lubonelele ngengqiqo ebalulekileyo kwimfuza, ihomoni, kunye nemiba yokusingqongileyo enegalelo kolu hlengahlengiso lunomdla. Ukuqonda ezi ndlela kunokunceda abaphandi baziqonde ngakumbi ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezikwaziyo ukutshintsha imibala.

Ukuqukumbela: Ixoxo elitshintsha umbala wolusu

Ukuqukumbela, amaxoxo aseMelika anamandla amangalisayo okutshintsha umbala wolusu lwawo. Olu hlengahlengiso lubavumela ukuba baxubane nendawo ebangqongileyo, balawule ubushushu bomzimba wabo, kwaye babonise ukulungela ukuzala. Izinto ezinjengokuziqhelanisa nemeko, ubushushu, iincindi zamadlala, ukuzala, imizila yemfuza, kunye neemeko ezisingqongileyo zonke zinempembelelo kumbala wolusu lala maxoxo. Ngophando oluqhubekayo, izazinzulu ziyaqhubeka nokutyhila iindlela ezintsonkothileyo ezisemva kwale nto inomtsalane kumaxoxo aseMelika.