Mary Allen
Chipembere chine makushe chaive hama yechipembere chanhasi. Yakanga ine nyanga huru mbiri pamhino dzayo nemvere hobvu. Mushure mekupera kweIce Age yekupedzisira makore 11,700 XNUMX apfuura, mhuka inoyamwisa yakatsakatika. Kuti chipembere chine makushe chakaita sei chinogona kuonekwa mumifananidzo yemapako yakagadzirwa nevanhu vekare.
Zvipembere zvine makushe zvakararama kubva makore angangoita mamirioni matatu apfuura kusvika makore angangoita 11,700 apfuura. Zvipembere zvine makushe zvakasara zvakawanikwa muEurope, North Africa, neAsia. Zvimwe zvezvisaririra izvi zvakaomeswa nechando muchando, zvimwe muchando chepermafrost. Kubva pane izvi, masayendisiti akakwanisa kuwana mufananidzo chaiwo wehuya rhinoceros. Muna 2014, pfumo rakawanikwa pachitsuwa cheSiberia. Vanhu vakaigadzira kubva kunyanga dzechipembere dzine makushe makore 13,300 XNUMX apfuura.
Chipembere chine makushe chakafanana nekukura kwechipembere chemazuva ano. Yakanga yakareba mamita mana uye yakareba mamita maviri. Panyanga mbiri dzaiva pamusoro payo, nyanga yepamberi yakanga yakakura kupfuura yezvipembere zvaivapo. Yaiva yakareba mita imwe chete. Chipembere chine makushe chaive nemuviri muhombe, muhombe une makumbo mana mapfupi, akasimba. Makushe ayo ane shavi uye muviri wakakora zvakaibatsira kurarama munzvimbo dzaitonhora.
Chipembere chine makushe chaidyiwa nehuswa. Yakadyawo zvimwe zvirimwa zvidiki, miti mitete, lichen, uye mosses. Sezvinoita zvipembere zvanhasi, chipembere chine makushe chaigara choga kana mumapoka madiki emhuri. Yaivhimwa nevanhu vepakutanga.