Nhanganyaya: Ndeipi Mhuka Inokurumidza Kutuhwina?

Kutuhwina hunyanzvi hwakakosha kumhuka zhinji, kungave kwekuvhima, kutama, kana kungofamba-famba. Nepo dzimwe mhuka dzichishambira zvishoma, dzimwe dzinogona kusvika pakumhanya kunokatyamadza. Asi ndeipi mhuka inokurumidza kushambira? Mubvunzo uyu wakafadza masayendisiti nevadi vemhuka zvakafanana, zvichiita kuti pave nezvidzidzo zvakawanda uye nharo. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora maitiro ekuona anokurumidza kushambira, pamwe nevakwikwidzi vepamusoro muumambo hwemhuka.

Mamiriro eKusarudza Inokurumidza Kushambira

Tisati taziva kuti ndeipi mhuka inokurumidza kushambira, tinofanira kutanga tamisa nzira. Kutanga, tinofanira kutsanangura zvatinoreva ne "kutsanya." Ndiwo here sipidhi yakakura iyo mhuka inogona kusvika, kana kuti kumhanya kwainogona kuchengetedza kwenguva yakati? Chechipiri, tinofanira kufunga nezvemhoteredzo inotuhwina mhuka yacho, sezvo kuwanda kwemvura, tembiricha, uye munyu zvinogona kukanganisa kuita pakushambira. Chechitatu, tinofanira kufunga nezvehukuru uye chimiro chemuviri wemhuka, pamwe chete nekushambira kwayo uye kugadzirisa. Nokufungisisa zvinhu izvi, tinogona kuenzanisa kumhanya kwekushambira kwemhuka dzakasiyana nenzira yakarurama.

Vashanu Vepamusoro Vanoshambira muHumambo hweMhuka

Zvichienderana nezvidzidzo zvakasiyana uye zvakacherechedzwa, heano vashanu vepamusoro vanokurumidza kushambira muumambo hwemhuka:

Sailfish: Iyo Inokurumidza Kushambira muOcean

Sailfish imhando yebhillfish inowanikwa mumakungwa anodziya uye anodziya pasi rese. Inogona kusvika pakumhanya kusvika 68 mamaira paawa (110 makiromita paawa), ichiiita iyo inokurumidza kushambira mugungwa. Muviri wesailfish wakagadzirirwa kumhanya, iine chimiro chakareba uye chakapfava, chimbi chihombe chemushure (naizvozvo zita rayo), uye muswe une simba. Iinewo mhasuru dzakakosha uye nhengo dzinoibvumira kushambira nekumhanya kukuru ichichengetedza simba.

Iyo Yakajairika Dolphin: Iyo Inokurumidza Kushambira muMammal Kingdom

The common dolphin imhando yecetacean inowanikwa mumakungwa mazhinji nemakungwa. Inogona kushambira ichimhanya zvekusvika makiromita makumi matatu nenomwe paawa (makiromita makumi matanhatu paawa), ichiita kuti ive iyo inokurumidza kushambira pakati pemhuka dzinoyamwisa. Muviri we dolphin wakavakirwawo kumhanya, uine fusiform shape, dorsal fin, uye muswe wakaita sefluke. Inoshandisawo imwe nzira yekushambira inonzi "porpoising," apo inosvetuka kubva mumvura uye inosvetukira mberi kuderedza kudhonza.

The Marlin: Anokurumidza Kushambira muHove Kingdom

Marlin imhando yebhillfish inowanikwa mumvura dzinopisa uye dzinopisa. Inogona kushambira ichimhanya zvekusvika 82 mamaira paawa (132 makiromita paawa), ichiiita iyo inokurumidza kushambira pakati pehove. Muviri we<em>marlin wakafanana nowe<em>sailfish, ine mhuno yakareba uye yakanongedza, chimbi chirefu chemushure, uye muswe wakaita secrescent. Iyo ine zvakare yakakosha circulatory system inoita kuti idziye tsandanyama dzayo uye kushambira nekukurumidza mumvura inotonhora.

Iyo Crocodile: Inokurumidza Kushambira muHumambo hweReptile

Garwe imhuka huru ine simba uye ine simba inowanikwa mumvura yakachena uye mumvura ine munyu. Inogona kushambira ichimhanya zvekusvika makiromita makumi maviri paawa (makiromita makumi matatu nemaviri paawa), ichiiita iyo inoshambira inokurumidza pakati pezvinokambaira. Muviri wegarwe wakagadzirirwa zvose zviri zviviri pasi nemvura, ine muswe wakareba uye une tsandanyama, tsoka dzine dandemutande, uye mhuno yakatsetseka. Iyo ine zvakare yakasarudzika nzira yekushambira inonzi "crocodile gallop," iyo inoshandisa muswe wayo kuti ienderere mberi ichienda mberi nenzira ye zigzag.

Penguin: Inokurumidza Kushambira muShiri Humambo

Penguin ishiri isingabhururuke inowanikwa kuSouthern Hemisphere, kunyanya kuAntarctica. Inogona kushambira ichimhanya zvekusvika makiromita makumi maviri nemaviri paawa (makiromita makumi matatu neshanu paawa), zvichiita kuti ive iyo inoshambira inokurumidza pakati peshiri. Muviri wepenguin wakanyatsogadzirirwa kushambira, ine mutsindo wakakora weminhenga inodzivirira, chimiro chakakwenenzverwa, uye mapapiro akafanana nemapapiro. Inoshandisawo mapapiro ayo "kubhururuka" pasi pemvura uye kubata mhuka.

The Seahorse: Inononoka Kushambira muHumambo hweMhuka

Nepo dzimwe mhuka dzichimhanya zvinoshamisa, dzimwe dzinononoka. Seahorse, semuenzaniso, ndiyo inoshambira inononoka murudzi rwemhuka, ine kumhanya kwepamusoro kwemamaira 0.01 paawa (makiromita 0.016 paawa). Muviri wehosi yegungwa hauna kuvakwa kuti imhanyire, iine chimiro chakakombama, kabapi kemushure, uye zvimbi zvidiki zvinobhururuka nekukasira kuenda kumberi. Zvisinei, kumhanya kunonotsa kushambira kwebhiza kunotsiviwa nekukakamira kwayo kwakanaka uye kugona kufamba kwayo.

Iyo Fizikisi Kuseri KweMhuka Kutuhwina Kumhanya

Kumhanya kwemhuka pakutuhwina kunotsamira pazvinhu zvakati kuti zvemuviri, zvinosanganisira kukura kwemuviri wayo uye maumbirwo ayo, kusimba kwemhasuru yayo uye kubatana kwayo, uye mafambiro emvura emvura. Kuti ishambire nekukurumidza, mhuka inoda kuderedza kukweva, kuwedzera kufambisa, uye kuchengetedza simba. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana, senge miviri yakarongeka, mhasuru dzine simba, uye zvitaera zvekutuhwina zvine hunyanzvi. Kunzwisisa fizikisi yekutuhwina kwemhuka kunogona kutibatsira kugadzira zvirinani mota dzepasi pemvura uye kudzidza ecology yenzvimbo dzemumvura.

Mhedziso: Ndeipi Mhuka Inonyanya Kushambira Pakazara?

Zvichienderana nemaitiro atakamisa kare, zvinonetsa kuona kuti ndeipi mhuka inoshambira inokurumidza. Mumwe nemumwe wevakwikwidzi vepamusoro ane akasiyana ekugadzirisa uye zvipingaidzo zvinokanganisa kuita kwavo kushambira. Nekudaro, tinogona kutaura kuti sailfish ndiyo inokurumidza kushambira maererano nekumhanya kwakanyanya, nepo dolphin yakajairika ndiyo inokurumidza kushambira pakati pemhuka dzinoyamwisa. Marlin ndiyo inokurumidza kushambira pakati pehove, garwe ndiro rinomhanya kupfuura mamwe pakati pezvinokambaira, uye penguin ndiyo inotuhwina inokurumidza pakati peshiri. Pakupedzisira, munhu anokurumidza kushambira mumhuka anoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye maonero.

Kukosha Kwekudzidza Mhuka Kutuhwina Kumhanya

Kudzidza kumhanya kwekushambira kwemhuka kune zvazvinoita uye zvesainzi. Inogona kutibatsira kunzwisisa maitiro uye ecology yemhuka dzemumvura, pamwe nefizikisi yemvura inoshanduka. Inogonawo kukurudzira biomimicry, uko mainjiniya nevagadziri vanoshandisa zvigadziriso zvemhuka kugadzira matekinoroji anoshanda uye akasimba. Uyezve, kudzidza kumhanya kwekushambira kwemhuka kunogona kusimudzira ruzivo nezve kusiyana uye kunaka kwepasirese, uye kukosha kwekuzvidzivirira kubva kuzviitiko zvevanhu.