Nhanganyaya: Chakavanzika cheKutariswa Kweruzha

Ruzha chinhu chinokosha pakukurukurirana mumhuka. Zvingave zvekufambisa, kuvhima, kana kushamwaridzana, mhuka dzinotsamira paruzha pakukurukurirana. Nekudaro, haasi ese manzwi anosikwa akaenzana. Mamwe manzwi anobudisa maungira, asi mamwe haaiti. Chakavanzika chokuti nei mamwe manzwi achidzokera kumabviro awo uye mamwe asina chave chichishamisa masayendisiti kwemazana emakore.

Kunzwisisa Sayenzi yeEchoes

Kuti tinzwisise sainzi yemaungira, isu tinofanirwa kutarisa fizikisi yezwi. Masaisai eruzha anogadzirwa kana chinhu chichizunguzika, zvichiita kuti zvidimbu zvemhepo zvifambe zvichienda mberi nekudzoka. Masaisai eruzha aya anofamba mumhepo kusvika asvika pane chimwe chinhu. Kana masaisai eruzha achirova chinhu chacho, anodzokera shure odzokera kwaaibva. Izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti maungira.

Kuratidzira kwemasaisai eruzha kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakati kuti, zvakaita sechimiro nemagadzirirwo echinhu chacho, nhambwe iri pakati pechinhu nekwaibva inzwi, uye kuwanda kwemasaisai eruzha. Kunzwisisa zvinhu izvi kwakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti nei dzimwe mhuka dzichigadzira maungira uye dzimwe dzisingaite.

Kukosha Kwemaungira muKukurukurirana kweMhuka

Maungira anoita basa rakakosha mukutaurirana kwemhuka. Mhuka zhinji dzinoshandisa maungira kufamba nharaunda yadzo uye kutsvaga mhuka. Zviremwaremwa, semuenzaniso, zvinoburitsa ruzha rwepamusoro-soro rwunobhururuka kubva pazvinhu uye ruchidzokera munzeve dzazvo. Nekuongorora maungira aya, zviremwaremwa zvinogona kugadzira mepu yepfungwa yezvakavatenderedza uye kutsvaga zvipembenene zvekudyira pazviri.

Dzimwe mhuka, dzakadai sema dolphin nemawhale, dzinoshandisa maungira kutaurirana. Mhuka dzemugungwa idzi dzinoburitsa ruzha rwakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kudzvanya nemuridzo, izvo zvinosvetuka kubva pazvinhu uye zvinoshandiswa kutsvaga dzimwe nhengo dzemarudzi adzo.

Mhuka Dzinoshandisa Echoes Kufamba uye Kuvhima

Sezvambotaurwa, mhuka dzakawanda dzinoshandisa maungira kufamba uye kuvhima. Zviremwaremwa zvimwe ndizvo zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa muenzaniso weizvi. Mhuka dzinobhururuka idzi dzinobudisa ruzha rwepamusoro-soro runobhururuka kubva pazvinhu uye runodzokera munzeve dzadzo. Nekuongorora maungira aya, zviremwaremwa zvinogona kugadzira mepu yepfungwa yezvakavatenderedza uye kutsvaga zvipembenene zvekudyira pazviri.

Dzimwe shiri dzinoshandisawo maungira kutsvaga mhuka. Oiri, somuenzaniso, ishiri inorara usiku inogara mumapako. Inoburitsa nhevedzano yekudzvanya inosvetuka kubva pamadziro ebako ichibatsira kuti iwane mhuka yayo, iyo ine michero uye tumbuyu.

Mhuka Inoshamisa Isingabudisi Echo

Nepo mhuka zhinji dzichivimba nemaungira kuti dzikurukure nekufamba, pane imwe mhuka isingabudise maungira: zizi. Pasinei nokunzwa kwawo kwakanaka uye kukwanisa kuwana mhuka murima chairo, mazizi haabudise maungira paanorira.

Sainzi Kuseri kweIzwi Rakanyarara reMhuka iyi

Chikonzero nei mazizi asingabudise maungira zvichiri zvakavanzika. Zvisinei, masayendisiti anodavira kuti zvine chokuita nemaumbirwo eminhenga yadzo. Mazizi ane minhenga yakagadziridzwa yakagadzirirwa kuvharidzira ruzha. Izvi zvinoita kuti dzibhururuke chinyararire dzichivandira mhuka dzadzo dzisingaonekwe.

Iyo Yakasarudzika Physiology yeiyi Echoless Mhuka

Pamusoro pechimiro cheminhenga yawo, mazizi anewo physiology yakasarudzika inoabatsira kudzivirira kuburitsa maungira. Vane zviso zvihombe, zvakaita sendishi zvine nzeve dzisina asymmetrical. Izvi zvinovabvumira kuti vanyatsoona nzvimbo yemhuka yavo pasina kuvimba nemaungira.

Matauriro Anoita Mhuka Iyi Pasina Maungira

Pasinei nekusaburitsa maungira, zizi richiri kukwanisa kutaurirana richishandisa ruzha rwakasiyana. Vanoburitsa huwandu hwemahoots, screeches, uye muridzo anoshandiswa kuratidziro yenzvimbo uye tsika dzekubatana.

Izvo Zvinogoneka Zvakanakira Izwi Risina Maungira

Kuva nezwi risingabudisi maungira kunogona kubatsira kumhuka dzinotsamira pakuhwanda nemaitiro ekuhwandira. Kumazizi, kunoabvumira kuvhima chinyararire uye kudzivisa kuonekwa nemhuka dzawo. Zvinovabvumirawo kuti vataurirane pasina kupa nzvimbo yavo kune vangangoita zvikara.

Zvinoreva Kutsvagisa Mhuka uye Kuchengetedza

Kunzwisisa kuti mhuka dzinotaurirana sei uye dzinofamba sei kwakakosha pakuedza kuchengetedza. Nekudzidza yakasarudzika physiology uye maitiro emhuka sezizi, masayendisiti anogona kuwana ruzivo rwekudzivirira nekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzavanogara.

Mhedziso: Nyika Inonakidza Yekukurukurirana Kwemhuka

Nyika yekukurukurirana kwemhuka yakakura uye yakasiyana-siyana. Kubva pakuita maungira ezviremwaremwa kusvika kumazizi akanyarara, mhuka dzakagadzira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutaurirana. Nekudzidza nzira dzekutaurirana idzi, masayendisiti anogona kuwana kunzwisisa kuri nani kwechisikigo uye kugadzira nzira dzekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza.

References uye Kuwedzera Kuverenga

• National Geographic. (2014). Mazizi Anobhururuka Sei Chinyararire? Yakadzorerwa kubva https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/3/140304-owls-fly-silently-mystery-solved-science/
• Roeder, KD (1967). Nei zizi richirira? The Quarterly Ongororo Biology, 42(2), 147-158.
• Simmons, JA, & Stein, RA (1980). Acoustic imaging mubat sonar: echolocation masaini uye shanduko ye echolocation. Nyaya yeComparative Physiology A, 135 (1), 61-84.