Mary Allen
Mu aquarium hobby, zvese zvinoenderana nemhando dzemvura mutangi. Kana vakafananidza vagari vedziva, zvese zvinobudirira, asi kana kukosha kukabuda kunze kwechiyero, iyo system yese inotyisidzira kupidigura. Pano unogona kuona kuti ndeapi maitiro anofanirwa kusiyaniswa uye kuti ungazvichengeta sei pasi pekutonga.
Mvura Haisi Nguva Yese Mvura
Muzvisikwa, kune huwandu hwekugara umo zvisikwa zvepasi pemvura zvinoputika. Kubva pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai semvura yegungwa kana mvura yakachena, munhu anogona kuita matanho maduku, semuenzaniso nekupatsanurwa mu "reef", "mvura yakazaruka" uye "brackish water"; kana iri mvura yakachena, munhu anosangana nezvikamu zvakadai se "mvura inomira" kana "mvura inoyerera ine mafungu ane simba". Munzvimbo dzese idzi, mvura ine hunhu hwakanyanya, hunoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita semamiriro ekunze, zvinoriumba, uye kusvibiswa kweorganic uye inorganic.
Nyaya Yakakosha: Iwo Mvura Yakakosha muAquarium
Kana tikatarisa nyika mu aquarium, chinhu chose chinova chakanyanya kukosha. Kusiyana nemasikirwo, bheseni igadziriro yakavharwa, iyo isinganyanyi kukanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze; Mushure mezvose, dziva riri mumba uye harina kuratidzwa nemhepo uye mamiriro okunze. Imwe pfungwa idiki idiki remvura: Nekuda kwehuwandu hwemvura, zvikanganiso zvidiki, zvinofurira kana shanduko zvinokanganisa kukosha kwemvura zvakanyanya zvakanyanya kupfuura zvazvingave zvakaita, semuenzaniso, mudhamu re300m² - ndoda kuvhurika. gungwa.
Izvo zvakakosha kubva pakutanga kuti usarudze kuchengetwa kweiyo aquarium yako kuitira kuti hove uye zvidyarwa zvive nezvinodiwa zvakafanana pane zvakatipoteredza. Hachishandi kuvharidzira zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana kwazvo. Kana iwe uine sarudzo yevagari vemadziva vane nharaunda yakasikwa yakafanana, zvakakosha kuti utange hwaro hwemvura hwakakodzera usati watanga. Izvo hazvina kukosha kutevedzera mhando yemvura yemhando 100%. Izvi hazvitombogoneki mune yakajairika aquarium, uye vazhinji vevagari vangangove vana vasina kukura munzvimbo yechisikigo. Chinangwa chakaziviswa chakanyanya kuve nekugadzikana kwemvura ukoshi hunoenderana nezvinodiwa nehove uye zvidyarwa kuitira kuti hutano hwebhayoloji hugadzirwe mutangi kwenguva refu.
Iyo yepamusoro 7 Yakanyanya Kukosha Mvura Yakakosha
Nitrate (NO3)
Mukuita kuputsa mashizha ezvirimwa zvakafa kana tsvina yehove, semuenzaniso, ammonium (NH4) uye ammonia (NH3) inogadzirwa muaquarium. Amoniya ine chepfu zvikuru. Sezvineiwo, kune 2 mapoka ebhakitiriya anogadzirisa zvishoma nezvishoma zvinhu izvi. Boka rekutanga rinovashandura kuita chepfu nitrite (NO2). Boka rechipiri rinoshandisa nitrite uye rinoshandura kuita nitrate isingakuvadzi (NO3). Nitrate muhuwandu hunosvika 35 mg / l yakajairika mune yakagadzikana aquarium uye haikuvadze hove dzako. Uye inobatsira pakukura kwezvirimwa zvako: Inovapa yakawanda yenitrogen, iyo yavanoda chose. Asi chenjera: kutarisisa kwakanyanya kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa. Izvi hazviwanzo kuitika, asi iwe unofanirwa kuramba wakatarisa kukosha uku kuti uve padivi rakachengeteka.
Nitrite (NO2)
Nitrite (NO2) inogona kukurumidza kuve inotyisidzira hupenyu kune hove dzako uye vamwe vagari vemu aquarium. Naizvozvo haifanirwe kuonekwa mu aquarium neyakajairwa mvura bvunzo. Kana zvikaitika, iwe unofanirwa nekukurumidza kutsvaga yako aquarium kune yakaora mavara. Zvirimwa zvinofa uye hove dzakafa mudziva dzine kukanganisa kwakanyanya pahutano hwemvura. Vabvise uye uite shanduko huru yemvura (inenge 80%). Iwe haufanirwe kudya kwemazuva matatu anotevera uye unofanirwa kushandura mvura 3% zuva nezuva. Mushure menjodzi, tarisa kukosha kwemvura kamwechete pazuva kwemazuva manomwe. Kunyanya kuwanda kwemastocking densities kunomiririra njodzi yekuwedzera kwe nitrite.
Pane nguva imwe chete apo kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe nitrite mumvura kunobvumirwa uye kunodiwa: iyo inomhanya-muchikamu. Iko kukosha kunokwira nekukurumidza mukati memazuva mashoma uye inodonha zvakare. Pano mumwe anotaura nezve "nitrite peak". Kana nitrite isingachaoneki, hove dzinogona kufamba mutangi.
PH kukosha
Imwe yehunhu hunowanikwa kazhinji kunze kweiyo aquarium hobby ndiyo pH kukosha. Izvi zvinotsanangura dhigirii yeasidhi inowanikwa mumutumbi wega wega wemvura. Inoratidzwa pachiyero chinotangira kubva kune acidic (pH 0- <7) kusvika kune yakakosha (pH> 7-14). Iko kusarerekera kukosha kuri pa pH kukosha kwe 7. Mu aquarium (zvichienderana nehuwandu hwehove nemiti), tsika dzakapoteredza nzvimbo iyi pakati pe6 ne8 inowanzova yakanaka. Kupfuura zvese, zvakakosha kuti pH kukosha irambe iripo. Kana ikachinja-chinja, vagari vedziva vanonyatsonzwa uye vanouya pasi pekunetseka. Kuti udzivise izvi, unofanirwa kutarisa kukosha uku kamwechete pavhiki. Sezvineiwo, iyo chaiyo carbonate kuoma kunogona kubatsira pano.
Kuoma kwese (GH)
Kuoma kwese (GH) kunoratidza zviri mukati memunyu wakanyungudika mumvura - kunyanya calcium uye magnesium. Kana zvirimo izvi zvakakwirira, mvura inonzi yakaoma; kana iri pasi, mvura inopfava. Kuoma kwese kunowanzo kupihwa mu ° dH (= dhigirii rekuoma kweGerman). Izvo zvakakosha kune ese organic process mu aquarium uye inofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya kana iwe uchida kubereka. Kufanana ne pH kukosha, zvakakosha pano kuti GH inopindirana nehove.
Carbonate kuoma (KH)
Kune zvakare imwe "kuoma kukosha" muaquarium: Iyo carbonate kuomarara (KH) inoratidza zviri mukati mehydrogen carbonate yakanyungudika mumvura. Ukoshi uhwu hwakatotaurwa nezve pH kukosha nekuti iyo KH inoshanda sebuffer yayo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inodzikamisa pH uye inodzivirira shanduko kubva kuitika nekukurumidza. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iyo carbonate kuomarara haisi static kukosha. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu hwehupenyu huri kuitika mu aquarium.
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Zvadaro, tinouya ku carbon dioxide (CO2). Sezvakangoita isu vanhu, hove dzinodya mweya weokisijeni pakufema uye dzinoburitsa kabhoni dhaikisaidhi sechigadzirwa chemetabolism - muaquarium izvi zvinopinda mumvura zvakananga. Zvakafanana nezvirimwa, nenzira: vanodya CO2 masikati uye vanobudisa okisijeni inobatsira kubva mairi, asi usiku maitiro aya anodzoserwa uye ivowo vanova vagadziri vecarbon dioxide. Iyo CO2 kukosha - senge pH kukosha - inofanirwa kugara ichitariswa, nekuti inogona kuve njodzi chaiyo kune hove, kune rumwe rutivi, yakakosha kune zvirimwa. Saka unofanira kugara uchitarisa kupindirana kwese kweCO2, KH, uye pH kukosha nekuti zvinopesvedzerana: Semuyenzaniso, kuchinjika kudiki kweCO2 kunotungamira kukuchinja kwakanyanya kwepH, kunyanya kana KH iri pasi.
Okisijeni (O2)
Oxygen (O2) ndiyo inonyanya kukosha (yakakosha) kukosha mu aquarium, nokuti pasina iyo, hapana hove kana zvirimwa kana mabhakitiriya anobatsira, anobvisa mvura yezvinosvibisa, anogona kurarama. Oxygen inopinda mudziva mvura kunyanya kuburikidza nezvirimwa (masikati), pamusoro pemvura, uye imwe tekinoroji yakadai semaaera nematombo emhepo.
Kushandiswa Kwemvura Yekuchengetedza Zvigadzirwa
Zvino zvatatora muchidimbu kukoshesa kwakakosha kwemvura, tinoda kutsanangura muchidimbu kuti hunhu uhu hungagadzikiswa sei uye hugadziriswe nenzira inoshanda: zvinova nemagadzirirwo emagetsi uye maconditioners emvura. Semuyenzaniso, kana iwe ukatarisa kuchengetwa kwemvura muchitoro chezvipfuyo, kune mimwe mishonga yehukoshi hwega hwega hwemvura hunofanirwa kuidzosera kune yakakosha kukosha. Zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti vanogona kubatsira chete kune imwe nhanho: kana, semuenzaniso, hukama huripo pakati pemvura yetangi uye hove yehove isina kururama, kunyange iyo yakanakisisa yemvura inogadzirisa haigoni kugovera kuhutano hwehupenyu munguva refu.
Izvo hazvireve kuti zvinogadzirisa zvinogadzirisa uye zvigadziriso zvemvura hazvisi zvishandiso zvinobatsira: zvinongoda kushandiswa nekuchenjerera. Naizvozvo, semutangiri muhobi ye aquarium, unofanirwa kutanga wagadzirisa nyaya yemvura usati wasangana neakasiyana maconditioner emvura mushure kuitira kuti uwane yakakosha mvura.