Mary Allen
Kune zvisingaverengeki ngano uye mazano ekutarisira nezve dziva uye dziva kuchengetedza. Vamwe vakarurama, vamwe unogona kukanganwa zvakachengeteka. Iwe unogona kuziva munhevedzano yedu yengano dzedhamu kana chikafu chakachipa chiri chemhando yakanaka, ingave koi inoenderana nesaizi yedhamu, uye kuti iwe unogona sei kubata algae.
Kune ngano dzemadziva dzisingaverengeki. Vamwe vakarurama, vamwe unogona kukanganwa zvakachengeteka.
Nhema nhamba 1: hove dzinoenderana nehukuru hwedhamu
Goldfish neKoi zvino zvave kubereka zvisingaverengeki mavara uye zvimiro zvisina kujairika. Vamwe vavo vakanaka zvokuti imwe kana imwe shamwari yedziva haigoni kuti "kwete", kunyange zvazvo mutengesi wechitoro chemhuka akanyatsoratidza hukuru hwekupedzisira hwemhuka. Kunyangwe dziva rako pachako riine marita mazana matatu, semuenzaniso, Koi mudiki anofanira kuenda newe kumba. Muvakidzani wacho akamboti: hove dzinochinja saizi yadzo kuti dzienderane nedziva. Zvisinei, fungidziro iyi haina kururama. Hove hadzina conscious control function kuti dzienderane nekukura kwadzo kuti dzienderane nemhoteredzo yadzo. Asi nei hove imwe mudziva guru kubva kumuvakidzani yakakura kudarika hove dzako mubhakoni padziva, kunyange hove dzichibva kumutengesi mumwe chete?
Mumitumbi midiki yemvura, zvinhu zvinokurudzira kukura, senge maminerari uye zvinhu zvakakosha, zvinoshandiswa nekukurumidza, sezvo dhizaini yemasokisi kazhinji yakanyanya kukwirisa. Nzvimbo yekushambira zvakare inowanzoshomeka, zvekuti kushambira kunofadza kutenderedza, kunosimudzira kugaya uye metabolism, hazvigoneke. Zvinhu zvinononotsa kukura kwehove zvinounganidzawo nokukurumidza zvikuru. Kunyanya, iyo metabolic yekupedzisira chigadzirwa chesefa, nitrate, inokonzera kusakura zvakanaka muhuwandu hwakawanda (kupfuura 50mg / l). Mumadziva akakura zvakaringana, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwenzvimbo, pane zvakanyanya sarudzo dzekudyara zvinosvibisa nitrate zvirimwa kana kushandisa mineralizing matombo ekushongedza. “Kukura kusiri iko” ndiyo rondedzero yakafanira yengano iyi.
Nhema nhamba yechipiri: zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza ganda zvine makemikari uye zvinokuvadza
"Ini handisi fan of chemistry mudziva" - munhu anoverenga uye anonzwa kazhinji mumaforamu kana hurukuro pakati pevaridzi vemadziva. Asi ichokwadi chemistry yatinodurura mudziva nenzira yehupfu kana mvura sechigadzirwa chekuchengeta? "Mishonga ye80s" yaiwanzova yemakemikari uye yaingova nechinangwa chekuuraya zvisingadzivisiki spores uye kujekesa mvura kwenguva yakareba. Zvinosuruvarisa, mishonga iyi yakaparadzawo ma microorganisms anokosha. Kwemakore akati zvino, muitiro wacho wave uchifamba munzira yomuzvarirwo youpenyu. Iyo indasitiri yakakurumidza kuziva maitiro aya uye iri kuzadzisa zvishuwo zvevatengi vayo, zvakare nekuti mamiriro emutemo akanyatso kuzvipira kune kuchengetedzwa kwechisikigo uye akawanda "yekare" anoshanda zvinorambidzwa gore rega rega. Kugadzirira kwemazuva ano kunoshanda pamwe chete nemasikirwo uye kukurudzira maitiro ehupenyu.
Vazhinji vemazuva ano vanouraya algae uye zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvechisikigo zvinounza bhajeti remvura mukuenzanisa nekuti kare kwaive nehukama husina kuenzana pakati pekupinda tsvina nekuora. Izvo zvakakosha zvinoshandiswa, semuenzaniso, monolinuron uye mhangura sulfate. Mhangura chinhu chakakosha chekuvaka muhupenyu. Inowanikwa muhuwandu hwezvokudya, zvakadai sehove, matumbo emakumbo, nzungu, kofi, nemiriwo. Kunyangwe iyo Federal Office yeRisk Assessment inokurudzira kudyiwa kwemazuva ese. Mhangura inowedzerwawo nemaune kune dzakawanda zvekudya zvekoi uye goldfish kuitira kudzivirira kushayikwa kwezviratidzo. Mukuwedzera zvishoma, zvisinei, hazvienderane neakare algae uye zvinotungamirira kurufu.
Mamwe ma paramita emvura anogadziridzwawo uye anochengetwa nenzira yakasarudzika. Kuoma kwemvura uye kukosha kwepH kunorapwa nebicarbonate uye calcium, algae ekudzivirira gadziriro zvakare yakavakirwa pamaminerari, sludge remover uye sefa booster inosanganisira "yakanaka" mabhakitiriya ekuchenesa. Paunenge uchitenga zvigadzirwa kubva kune vatengesi veGerman, unogona kuzviwana uine hana yakachena, chero iwe uchitevera mirairo yekushandisa.
Nhema nhamba 3: dziva rinovandudza pacharo
Hongu uye kwete! Kuti titsanangure izvi, tinotora dziva semuenzaniso: Kune zvinomera pabhangi. Mumatsutso mashizha anosvava, anowira mumvura, anonyura pasi, uko anozoputswa zvishoma nezvishoma nemabhakitiriya mumamita-akakora zvidimbu zve substrate uye kuburitsa zvinovaka muviri mumvura izvo zvinozopedzwa nealgae. Iyo nzira yekusvibisa inopedza zvicherwa zvinonyungudutswa nedombo rechisikigo pamahombekombe kana mugungwa mubhedha uye zvinowanikwa kune ecosystem zvakare. Ukama huri pakati pehuwandu hwehove nehuwandu hwemvura hauna kuenzana, saka hove inoshambira muzviuru zvemarita emvura. Kudzika kwedhamu kwemamita makumi matatu kana kupfuura kunovimbisa kugovera tembiricha yenzvimbo kune vese vagari uye inodzivirira kubva pakupisa.
Mudziva, zvisinei, mvura inoparadzaniswa zvisingakundiki kubva kumhoteredzo nepond liner. Natural nutrient seepage sources, saka, haipo. Pane kushomeka kwemamita-akakora akaturikidzana evhu, kuitira kuti marara asakwanise kugadzikiswa zvakakwana, kuunganidza, uye kugadzira mamiriro ekunze asina kunaka. Madziva mazhinji zvakare (zvakanyanya) akazara nehove. Maitiro ekubvisa tsvina anofanirwa kuchengetedzwa mukutenderera kwakazara, senge injini iri kuzara.
Aya mamiriro ezvinhu anotungamirira ku "kushandiswa" kwakanyanya kwezvinhu zvakakosha, izvo vanoda mudziva havawanzowedzera mari yakakwana. Iyo sisitimu haina kutenderera uye inotungamira kudonha pasina "artificial" kururamisa. Aya magadzirirwo anodiwa nekuti yega dziva rechinyakare rakagadzirwa rine pond liner, sefa system, nezvimwe zvichiri zvekugadzira. Kune madziva akabudirira kwemakore akawanda pasina kutarisirwa kwakanyanya (zvigadzirwa), asi izvi zvinotakura njodzi dzinowanzotarisirwa pasi. Pane imwe nguva, chikafu chekutanga chinoshandiswa kumusoro, kuitira kuti dziva rigone kutenderera husiku.
Unodzivirira sei zvose? Ita bvunzo dzemvura nguva dzose (vhiki nevhiki kusvika pamwedzi), ita shanduko yemvura yakakwana (inenge 10% pamwedzi), uye ona kuoma kwemvura kwakakwana (KH ingangoita 5 °).
Ngano nhamba 4: Chikafu chakafanana nechikafu
Iwe unogona zvechokwadi kudyisa hove dzako nechikafu chakachipa, asi kana uchinetseka kuti sei vamwe vachibhadhara yakawanda pakudya padziva, mhinduro iri nyore: Chikafu chinodhura chakachipa!
Chikafu chepakati nepakati chemutengo wepamusoro chinodhura mari shoma nekuti protein sechinhu chakabikwa chine mutengo wayo. Protein, iyi haisi itsva yekutsvaga, inopa simba rakawanda, inogayiwa nyore kumuviri, uye inokuchengeta wakaguta kwenguva yakareba. Hove dzegoridhe dzakanaka uye chikafu chekoi chinowanzo kudzvanywa mune granulate kana pellet fomu kuitira kuti kagumi simba riwanikwe murita rimwe remapellets kupfuura murita imwe yechikafu chine furo.
Muenzaniso: Kana waizodyisa tsama ina dzetsvimbo pazuva, girazi repfuti rizere nepellet feed raizokwana kugutsa mhuka. Huwandu hwezvinobuda hwakadzikirawo sezvo protein-rich concentrate inenge yashandiswa zvachose. Madonhwe mashoma anoreva kushomeka kwetsvina / algae zvinovaka muviri, unofanirwa kuchenesa sefa kazhinji, kushandisa mari shoma pane anti-algae agents, ona hove dzako dzichishambira dzakatenderedza mune yakanakisa ruvara, uye inosangana nematambudziko mashoma zvachose, akadai sehosha dzehove uye sludge. deposits.
Zano: Teerera kune inoenderana tembiricha yemvura ruzivo rwechikafu chiri pakurongedza! Nekudya kwakanaka, izvo zvinovaka muviri zvinogadziriswa kumwaka wakafanira. Chikafu chezhizha muchirimo chakafanana nepizza ine mafuta pakarepo mushure mekudya zero.
Nhema nhamba 5: Koi inonzwisisa kupfuura goldfish
Izvozvo hazvina kunaka! Ivo vanoda dzinenge dzakafanana mvura kukosha sehove dzegoridhe uye dzakafanana anatomically. Koi inongotarisirwa nenzira isina kufanira. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti Koi ine yakanyanya metabolism uye simba rinodiwa. Kana muchengeti weKoi asingateereri izvi uye asingawanzo dyisa kana kupa chikafu chisina kunaka, zviratidzo zvekushayikwa ndicho chikonzero chaicho chezvirwere zvakajairika zvisingawanzo zivikanwa munguva yekurapwa. Iyo inogoneka yekupedzisira kukura saizi inosvika 1.20 m zvakare haiwanzo kuverengerwa.
Sechiyereso chedziva rakakura zvakakwana, kune mitemo yakasiyana-siyana yezvigunwe kubva pakatangwa imwe yekutanga: Koi dziva rinofanira kunge riine marita angangoita 5,000. Sezvo Koi dziri mhuka dzeboka dzinotaurirana, boka racho rinofanira kunge rine mhuka 3-4. 1,000 malita akachengeterwa mhuka imwe neimwe kuitira kuti boka reKoi rinoda 8,000-9,000 malita enzvimbo. Nenzira yekuenzanisa, inofanira kutaurwa kuti koi imwe chete ine urefu hwemuviri we 20 cm inovanza pamusoro pehuwandu hwakafanana hwematsvina se 30-50 goldfish yehukuru hwakafanana. Kana iwe ukasagadzirisa iyo sefa system kune aya zviyero, hutachiona hwemvura hunowedzera zvakanyanya. Imba yepati yakazara-utsi uye yakazara nevanhu yaizove nemamiriro ekunze emukamuri. Kana iwe ukatevera matipi aya, Koi yako icharamba ine hutano uye nekuregerera iwe padiki diki zvikanganiso.
Nhema nhamba 6: Unogona kudzima sefa
Pane zvikonzero zvechokwadi zvekudzima sefa yedziva panguva ino. Kubva pakuona kwebiology, zvisinei, izvi hazvina musoro zvachose. Dzimwe nguva muvakidzani wako anganyunyuta pamusoro peruzha rwemvura, kana kuti unotya kuti hose yacho ichasvetuka kubva iwe usipo uye dziva richapera, kana iwe unongoda kuchengetedza magetsi uye rega sefa ishande kwemaawa. Nehurombo, ipapo iyo sefa ine kana yakaderera mhedzisiro pane kusaimhanyisa zvachose.
Chii chinoitika mukati mesefa yedhamu? Tsvina uye tsvina zvinhu zvinotorwa nemuchina mune yekutanga kusefa nhanho. Muchikamu chechipiri, mabhiriyoni emabhakitiriya anopwanya aya madhipoziti uye zvinhu zvine chepfu kana kuzvishandura kuita zvisiri zvechepfu metabolic yekupedzisira zvigadzirwa. Muchikamu chino, mabhakitiriya ekuchenesa anoda huwandu hukuru hweokisijeni, dzimwe nguva kupfuura hove dzese pamwechete. Mavhiki akati wandei anogona kupfuura maitiro aya asati ashanda zvizere, zvakatsiga, uye nekushingaira. Kana kushingairira kurarama mabhakitiriya kugadzirira akaiswa dosed, mune akanakisa mamiriro, zvinongotora maawa mashoma kusvika mazuva.
Kana iyo sefa ikozvino yakadzimwa kamwe chete kwe approx. Maminitsi makumi matatu, mabhakitiriya anoramba achishanda kusvikira iyo yakanyunguduka yeokisijeni (O30) mumvura yakamira inoshandiswa. Kana izvi zvikaitika, mabhakitiriya anofa zvakanyanya nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinogadzira chain reaction uye inonzi nitrogen cycle inotanga kumhanya ichidzokera kumashure. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo isiri-chepfu nitrate inoshandurwa kudzokera kune yakanyanya chepfu nitrite kana pane kushayikwa kweokisijeni. Sezvo iyo nitrite-inosvibisa mabhakitiriya pachawo haigone kushivirira huwandu hukuru hwechinhu ichi, iyo nzira yekufa inokurumidza. Pane imwe nguva kunouya nguva iyo pombi yekudya inoshandurwa zvakare, kusanganiswa kwehasha nitrite uye mabhiriyoni emabhakitiriya akafa anosuka muhove yehove uye hutano hwemvura hunosvibiswa zvakanyanya kusvikira simba rekudzivirira rehove rakundikana pane imwe nguva.
Sefa ndiyo mwoyo wedhamu uye inofanira kugara ichipihwa chikafu (tsvina yehove) uye oxygen. Kunyangwe iwe wanga uchidzidzira izvi kwenguva yakareba uye sezviri pachena usingaone chero matambudziko, zvinoshungurudza zvakanyanya uye zvinokuvadza kune vese vagari mudziva. Nekufamba kwenguva, kuvhiringika uku kunotungamirira kukuwedzera kwezvinetso zvakadai sealgae, zvirwere, uye kunyange kukundikana zvachose.
Nhema yechinomwe: Mvura yakachena imvura ine utano
Muchidimbu, iwe unogona kufunga kuti yakachena optics inopa ruzivo rushoma nezvemhando yemvura. Ruzivo chete runogona kutsanangurwa nderwekuti zvakajeka. Kwete zvimwe.
"Maoko ekare" dzimwe nguva anogona kufungidzira zviri nyore mamiriro emvura kubva muruzivo rwakakwana kana kuona. Asi bvunzo dzemvura chete dzinogona kupa zvirevo chaizvo. Pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana zveizvi. Iyo strip bvunzo ingangove yakachipa uye yakapusa yekuyera nzira. Drop bvunzo dzakanyanya kurongeka, asi inodhura pakati pe25 ne100 euros seti yakazara. Mobile photometers itsva kumusika. Aya malaboratory-senge maturusi parizvino ndiyo nzira chaiyo yekutarisa-akakosha maparamita emvura. Iwo anowanikwa kune anenge 300 euros.
Ndeupi waunosarudza unofanira kuyerwa. Kunyangwe iwe uchizvibata kune iyo nyanzvi vhezheni, ingangove yakachipa zvakanyanya pane inorwara koi, inoda kurapwa kwakawanda kwezvinodhaka nenyanzvi yemhuka, kana algae yaunofanira kurwisa nekurapa, iyo inogona kukurumidza kudhura kupfuura 200 euros (zvichienderana saizi yedhamu). Kunyangwe mhuka imwe yakafa inogona kukuvadza kupfuura nzira yeumbozha yekuyedza mhando yemvura. Vazhinji vakamira nyanzvi vatengesi vanopa kuongororwa kwemvura sesevhisi, asi ivo vanongomiririra mufananidzo waunofanirwa kutarisa nguva dzose. Saka zvinogara zvakakosha kana uine midziyo yekuyera inodiwa iripo.
Nhema nhamba 8: Kune mavhitamini akakwana mukudya kwehove
Iwe unogona kuziva chikafu chakanaka chedhamu nekurongedza kwayo kwakanaka. Haina mhepo uye, pamusoro pezvose, hairegi chiedza chichipfuura. Chiedza nemhepo zvinokonzeresa kuti mavhitaminzi oxidize uye saka haasisiri kuwanikwa zvinobudirira sezvikafu. Pakangovhurwa kutakura kwekutakura kwave kuvhurwa kekutanga, iyi nzira inoparadza inogadziriswa isingaite. Kuripira dambudziko iri, kupfapfaidza kwakanaka kana madonhwe akanaka ekudzoreredza kunofanirwa kunge kuri mune yega yega dhamu rekushandisa kabati. Kana iwe ukatarisa kwakatenderedza hove yakanaka yekushongedza kana dhipatimendi redziva, iwe unowanzo kuwana vhitamini yekuwedzera pakaunda nekuti nyanzvi dzinoziva zvakakosha.
Bvunzo dzakaratidza kuti hosha zhinji dzinogona kudzivirirwa neakawedzera immune system. Kunyanya kukura kwemavara, mucous membrane ukobvu, uye kusagadzikana kusagadzikana mune yematambudziko emvura zvinokurudzirwa zvakanyanya. Kana yakachengetwa munzvimbo inotonhorera, huwandu hwemwedzi mishoma, asi kanenge mwaka mumwe chete wedziva. Kunyangwe muchirimo, apo tembiricha yemvura inokwira zvishoma nezvishoma inokurudzira metabolism yehove, asiwo zvipembenene zvinotanga kushanda, chiyero ichi chakakosha zvakanyanya uye chinogona kuita mutsauko pakati pekutanga kwakabudirira nekutadza. Zviri nyore kwazvo kushandisa: Kungave iwe unotora iyo vhitamini inonangana mumvura yedhamu kuitira kuti inyunzwe kuburikidza negill uye mucous membrane, kana iwe unoisa chikamu chinodiwa chechikafu mumudziyo diki uye kudonhedza kana kumwaya zvishoma pamusoro pemvura. kudya. Mushonga (3-4 nguva pavhiki) inokurudzirwa muchirimo, muzhizha muyero wevhiki nevhiki wakakwana.
Nhema nhamba 9: mvura inonaya haina ngozi
Chokwadi, mvura inonaya mudziva nenzira yakajairika haisi ngozi huru. Kanenge kune dziva, iro kuoma kwemvura kunogara kuchiongororwa uye kururamiswa. Asi pamwe wakatoona kana kuverenga kakawanda kuti vazhinji vanofarira hove mugero kana kuunganidza mvura inonaya yakananga mudziva kuburikidza nemugero kuitira kushandura mvura. “Muzvarirwo iyoyo imvurawo inonaya!” Ndiyo nharo inowanzoitika kune iyo. Asi chii chinoitika kudonhwe remvura painopoterera nomugero remvura?
Kunyangwe mumhepo, donhwe rinotora tsvina dzakasiyana-siyana uye soot. Kana ikarova canopy yegadheni uye ichidzika pasi, inosuka chero madhipoziti kubva padenga rakamboumbwa. Zvichida pane muti mukuru wefiresi pedyo neshedhi yebindu, iyo inoregawo tsono dzawo dzichiwira padenga. Nenzira iyi, musanganiswa wose wetsvina particles uye algae fetireza inoiswa mudziva nenzira yakanyungudutswa. Mvura inonaya ichiri kunyanya isina maminerari anokosha, ayo, zvisinei, anodiwa zvachose kuitira kuti simba rekuzvichenesa remvura richengetedzwe. Kuripa, iwe unofanirwa kugara uchigadzirisa iyo carbonate kuoma, kusunga yakawandisa zvinovaka muviri senge nitrate uye phosphate nekugadzirira kwakakodzera uye kubvisa simbi inorema yakasunungurwa kubva mugero remvura uye zvipikiri zvesimbi zvegadheni imba canopy.
Pre-yakacheneswa mvura yemupombi, saka, inokurudzirwa zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, iwe zvakare unofanirwa kushandisa chigadziriso chemvura pano, asi zvishoma uye zvishoma kazhinji.
Nhema nhamba 10: sefa yemadziva makuru chete
Madziva epakati nepakati uye madiki kunyanya anowanzo kukanganiswa nekushanduka kwemvura. Kunyange zvazvo H2O ichidziya kana kutonhora zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura mhepo, zuva remasikati makuru muzhizha rinogona kupisa dziva risina kudzika kusvika kudarika 30 ° C. Husiku, mhepo itsva inogona kuita zvakasiyana. Sezvo kuwanda kwevanhu mumadziva mazhinji zvakare kuri pachena zvakanyanya, kuchenesa uye kusefa masisitimu akakosha pano kuitira kuti mamiriro ekunze akwanise kutakurika kune vese vagari. Vanogadzirisa kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekushatirwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kana ari madziva echisikigo, kureva mitumbi yemvura yakagadzirwa nemaoko asi ine vhoriyamu inodarika 5,000 litres, ine nzvimbo dzakakura dzakadzika, uye dzakasimwa nerupo, sefa system haidikanwi zvachose - chero nguva iripo. hazvidiwi mvura yakachena. Zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti mhando dzehove duku chete dzakadai se sticklebacks, minnows, bitterlings, uye gudgeon dzinoshandiswa. Izvi zvinowirirana nekudya kwechisikigo kwezvipembenene uye algae uye yakasimba, kunyange mumwedzi yechando. Kunyange zvakadaro, kutarisirwa kunofanira kutorwa kuti kuve nechokwadi chekufefetera kwakakwana kuburikidza nemapombi anotenderera kana matombo emhepo.