Mary Allen
Gungwa imvura inoumbwa nemvura ine munyu. Chikamu chikuru chepasi chakafukidzwa nemvura yegungwa, inopfuura zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu. Kune zvikamu zvakasiyana, asi zvose zvakabatana. Iri rinonzi "Gungwa reNyika". Kazhinji inokamurwa kuita makungwa mashanu.
Pamusoro pezvo, zvikamu zvegungwa zvinewo mazita akakosha, akadai semakungwa anotenderera uye mabheji. Gungwa reMediterranean muenzaniso weizvi kana Caribbean. Gungwa Dzvuku riri pakati peEgypt neArabia rinenge riri gungwa repadivi rinenge rakavharika.
Pamusoro penyika yakafukidzwa zvikuru nemakungwa: Inenge 71 muzana, kureva inenge mativi matatu muzvina. Iyo yakadzika nzvimbo iri muMariana Trench muPacific Ocean. Inosvika zviuru gumi nechimwe zvemamita kudzika ipapo.
Gungwa chii chaizvo, uye rinonzii rakadaro?
Kana muviri wemvura wakakomberedzwa zvachose nenyika, saka haisi gungwa asi dziva. Mamwe madziva achiri kunzi makungwa. Izvi zvinogona kuva nezvikonzero zviviri zvakasiyana.
Gungwa reCaspian chaizvoizvo igungwa remunyu. Izvi zvinoshandawo kuGungwa Rakafa. Vakawana zita ravo nekuda kwehukuru hwavo: kuvanhu, vaiita sevakakura segungwa.
MuGermany, pane chimwe chikonzero chaicho. MuchiGerman, tinowanzoti Meer kune chikamu chegungwa uye Ona yekumira mukati memvura. MuLow German, zvisinei, ndiyo imwe nzira yakapoteredza. Izvi zvakawana nzira yayo kupinda mumutauro weGerman.
Ndiko kusaka tichitiwo “gungwa” kugungwa: North Sea, Baltic Sea, South Sea, zvichingodaro. Kunewo mamwe madziva ari kuchamhembe kweGermany ane shoko rokuti “gungwa” mumazita awo. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ingangove iyo Steinhuder Meer muLower Saxony, dziva hombe kuchamhembe.
Makungwa api aripo?
Gungwa repasi rose rinowanzopatsanurwa kuita makungwa mashanu. Iyo yakakura iPacific Ocean pakati peAmerica neAsia. Inongonziwo Pacific. Yechipiri pakukura iAtlantic Ocean kana kuti Atlantic Ocean pakati peEurope neAfrica kumabvazuva neAmerica kumadokero. Yechitatu pakukura iIndia Ocean pakati peAfrica, India, neAustralia.
Yechina pakukura iSouthern Ocean. Iyi inzvimbo yakatenderedza nyika huru yeAntarctica. Diki pavashanu iArctic Ocean. Iri pasi peaizi yeArctic uye inosvika kuCanada neRussia.
Vamwe vanhu vanotaura nezvemakungwa manomwe. Mukuwedzera kumakungwa mashanu, vanowedzera makungwa maviri ari pedyo navo kana kuti ivo vanowanzofamba nengarava. Mienzaniso yakajairika iGungwa reMediterranean neCaribbean.
Kare vanhu vaiverengawo makungwa manomwe. Aya aiva mativi matanhatu eMediterranean seGungwa reAdriatic pamwe neGungwa Dzvuku. Nguva imwe neimwe yakanga ine nzira yayo yokuverenga nayo. Izvi zvaive zvine chekuita nemakungwa aizivikanwa zvachose.
Nei makungwa achikosha kudaro?
Vanhu vazhinji vanogara pedyo negungwa: vanobata hove ipapo, vanogamuchira vashanyi kana vanofamba nemakungwa kutakura zvinhu. Pasi pegungwa pane zvinhu zvakaita semafuta asina kuchena, ayo anotorwa.
Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, gungwa rakakosha kune mamiriro ekunze epasi redu. Makungwa anochengeta kupisa, kugovanisa kuburikidza nemhepo, uye zvakare kutora magasi egreenhouse akadai secarbon dioxide. Saka pasina ivo, tingadai tine kuwedzera kudziya kwepasi.
Nekudaro, yakawanda kabhoni dhaibhorosi yakaipa zvakare kumakungwa. Mumvura yegungwa, inova carbonic acid. Izvi zvinoita kuti makungwa aite acidic, izvo zvakaipa kumitumbi yakawanda yemvura.
Vanoona nezvezvakatipoteredza vari kutyirawo kuti marara akawanda ari kupera mugungwa. Plastiki kunyanya inodzikisira zvishoma nezvishoma. Nekudaro, inoparara kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, iyo microplastics. Izvi zvinoibvumira kuguma mumitumbi yemhuka uye kukonzera kukanganisa ikoko.
Munyu unopinda sei mugungwa?
Hapana nzvimbo pasi pano ine mvura yakawanda seyomumakungwa: 97 muzana. Zvisinei, mvura yegungwa hainwiwi. Kune mamwe mahombekombe, kune zvinomera zvekubvisa munyu wemvura yegungwa, izvo zvinoishandura kuita mvura yekunwa.
Munyu unowanikwa mumatombo pasi rose. Mukubatana negungwa, mumwe anowanzotaura nezvetafura yemunyu kana munyu wakajairika, watinoshandisa mukicheni. Tafura yemunyu inonyungudika zvakanaka mumvura. Kunyange zviduku zvinopinda mugungwa nomunzizi.
Panewo munyu pasi pegungwa. Izvowo zviri kunyura zvishoma nezvishoma mumvura. Makomo anoputika ari pasi pegungwa anogonawo kuburitsa munyu. Kudengenyeka kwepasi pasi pegungwa kunoitawo kuti munyu upinde mumvura.
Kutenderera kwemvura kunoita kuti mvura zhinji ipinde munyanza. Zvisinei, inogona chete kubva mugungwa zvakare kuburikidza nekuputika. Munyu hauendi nawo. Munyu, kana uri mugungwa, unogaramo; Mvura painoputika, gungwa rinowedzera kuva nesaline. Nokudaro, munyu hauna kunyatsofanana mugungwa rose.
Litre yemvura yegungwa kazhinji ine magiramu makumi matatu nemashanu emunyu. Ingangoita chipunu chakatutirwa nehafu. Tinowanzo kuzadza marita zana nemakumi mashanu emvura mubhavhu. Saka waitofanira kuwedzera makirogiramu mashanu emunyu kuti uwane mvura yegungwa.