Mary Allen
Salamanders ndeye amphibians. Vane chimiro chemuviri wakafanana nemadzvinyu kana ngwena madiki asi havana hukama nadzo. Iwo akanyanya hukama kune newts nematatya.
All salamanders vane elongated muviri ane muswe uye ganda rakashama. Mukuwedzera, imwe nhengo yemuviri inokura zvakare kana yakarumwa kubva, somuenzaniso. Salamanders havakande mazai semamwe amphibians, asi vanobereka mapere kana kutorarama vachiri vadiki.
Iwo salamanders akasiyana kwazvo pakati pavo. Hofori yeJapan salamander inogara zvachose mumvura. Inokura mita imwe nehafu kureba uye inorema kusvika makirogiramu makumi maviri. Mhuka mbiri dzinogara muEurope: moto salamander uye alpine salamander.
Ko moto salamander unorarama sei?
Iyo salamander yemoto inogara inenge muEurope yose. Iyo inenge 20 centimita kureba uye inorema 50 magiramu. Iyo inenge hafu yebha yechokoreti. Ganda rayo rakatsetseka uye dema. Iine makwapa eyero kumusana kwayo, ayo anogona zvakare kuvheneka zvishoma. Painokura, inodonhedza ganda rayo kakawanda senyoka.
Iyo salamander yemoto inofarira kugara mumasango makuru ane deciduous uye coniferous miti. Anofarira kugara pedyo nehova. Anoda mwando uye saka anonyanya kubuda kunze uye pamusoro pekunaya kwemvura uye usiku. Masikati inowanzovanda mumikaha yematombo, pasi pemidzi yemiti, kana pasi pehuni dzakafa.
Moto salamanders havakande mazai. Mushure mekusangana nerume, tupembenene tudiki tunokura mudumbu remukadzi. Kana dzakura zvakakwana, hadzi inobereka tukonye tunenge makumi matatu, mumvura. Kufanana nehove, makonye anofema nemagill. Vanobva vazvimiririra pakarepo uye vanokura kuva mhuka dzakura.
Moto salamanders vanosarudza kudya zvipembenene, hozhwa dzisina matemhe, makonye, asiwo dandemutande, uye tumbuyu. Iyo salamander yemoto inozvidzivirira pachayo vavengi vayo nemavara ayo eyero-mavara. Asi anotakurawo chepfu paganda rake inomudzivirira. Kudzivirirwa uku kunoshanda zvekuti masalamusi emoto haawanzorwiswa.
Zvakadaro, iwo moto salamanders anodzivirirwa. Vazhinji vavo vanofira pasi pemavhiri emotokari kana kuti nemhaka yokuti havagoni kukwira mumigwagwa. Vanhu vari kutorawo zhinji dzenzvimbo dzavo dzokugara kupfurikidza nokusandura masango akavhengana chaiwoiwo kuva masango ane rudzi rumwe cheterwo rwomuti. Makonye haakwanisi kukura muhova dzinoyerera pakati pemadziro.
Alpine salamander inogara sei?
Alpine salamander anogara mumakomo eSwitzerland, Italy, uye Austria kusvika kuBalkan. Inokura inosvika masendimita gumi nemashanu kureba. Ganda rayo rakatsetseka, rakadzika dema kumusoro, uye rakati pfumbu padivi pemhepo.
Iyo alpine salamander inogara munzvimbo dzinenge 800 metres pamusoro pegungwa uye inoita kuti isvike pakakwirira 2,800 metres. Anoda masango ane deciduous uye coniferous miti. Kumusoro, inogara munzvimbo dzakanyorova dzemakomo, pasi pemakwenzi, uye pamateru. Anoda mwando uye saka anonyanya kubuda kunze uye pamusoro pekunaya kwemvura uye usiku. Masikati inowanzovanda mumikaha yematombo, pasi pemidzi yemiti, kana pasi pehuni dzakafa.
Alpine salamanders havaisi mazai. Mushure mekusangana nerume, gonye rinokura mudumbu remukadzi. Vanodya pa yolk uye vanofema kuburikidza nemagetsi. Zvisinei, magill anotanga kupera mudumbu. Izvo zvinotora makore maviri kusvika matatu. Pakuzvarwa, mwana anenge atova anenge masendimita mana kureba uye anogona kufema uye kudya ega. Alpine salamanders anozvarwa ari ega kana semapatya.
Alpine salamanders anodawo kudya zvipembenene, hozhwa dzisina mateko, makonye, dandemutande, uye tumbuyu. Alpine salamanders anongodyiwa nguva nenguva nemakomo jackdaws kana magpies. Vanotakurawo chepfu paganda ravo inovadzivirira kubva pakurwiswa.
Alpine salamanders haisi mungozi asi ichiri kuchengetedzwa. Sezvo dzichitora nguva yakareba kuti dziberekane dzozongobereka pwere imwe chete kana mbiri, hadzigoni kubereka nokukurumidza zvikuru. Vakatorasikirwa nenzvimbo yakawanda yekugara nekuda kwekuvakwa kwemigwagwa yemumakomo nemadhamu.