Mufananidzo weEuropean Pond Turtle

Emys orbicularis, European pond turtle, ndiyo yega turtle inowanzoitika muGermany uye iri kutyisidzirwa nekutsakatika munyika ino. The German Society for Herpetology (DGHT kwenguva pfupi) yakakudza iyi mhuka yemhuka ine mubairo "Reptile of the Year 2015" nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwayo kwakakosha. Saka anonyora Dr. Axel Kwet pane peji rekutanga reDGHT:

Turtle yeEuropean pond yakanyatsokodzera semureza wekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo uye inomiririra mamwe marudzi mazhinji kukwevera ngwariro kunjodzi yemhuka dzedu dzeCentral European dzinokambaira uye amphibians nenzvimbo dzadzo.

Emys Orbicularis - Zvisikwa Zvakadzivirirwa Zvakasimba

Zvinoenderana neFederal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV), mhuka iyi yakachengetedzwa zvakanyanya uye yakanyorwawo muAppendices II uye IV yeHabitats Directive (Directive 92/43 / EEC yaMay 21, 1992) uye muAppendix II yeBern Convention. (1979) pamusoro pekuchengetedza mhuka dzesango dzeEurope nenzvimbo dzadzo dzechisikigo.

Nezvikonzero zvataurwa, mhuka dzinorekodhwa zviri pamutemo uye unoda mvumo yakakosha yekudzichengeta, iyo yaunogona kunyorera kuvakuru venzvimbo. Hazvisi pamutemo kutengesa mhuka usina mapepa akakodzera. Paunenge uchitenga, unofanirwa kuterera kutorwa kwezvibvumirano zvinosungirwa.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, iwe uchafanirwa kutenga mhuka kuburikidza nevapfuri vakasarudzika. Zvitoro zvezvipfuyo zvinonyanya kudzikisira huwandu hwazvo kune tururu ane mavara anopenya kubva kuNorth America ari nyore kuwana kune mutengesi uye anogona kutengwa zvakachipa kune mutengi. Paunenge uchitsvaga kwakakodzera nzvimbo dzekugovera, mahofisi emunharaunda ezvemhuka anogona kukwanisa kukubatsira.

Kugadziriswa kweEuropean Pond Turtle kune Mamiriro ekunze

Iro European pond turtle inoshanduka-shanduka kuti ienderane nemamiriro ekunze ekunze kuitira kuti ugone kuchengetedza mhuka iyi zvakanaka munzvimbo yakasununguka - kunyanya subspecies Emys orbicularis orbicularis. Mukuwedzera pakuchengeta uye kuvatarisira mudziva, panewo sarudzo yekuchengeta mhuka mu aqua terrarium. European pond turtle Muzvinyorwa zvakakosha zvenyanzvi, kuchengeta uye kutarisira mhuka dzechidiki (kusvika kumakore matatu) mu aqua terrarium inokurudzirwa. Kana zvisina kudaro, kuchengetwa kwemahara - kunze kwezvirwere, kune acclimatization, nezvimwewo - zvinosarudzwa, kunyange zvazvo mhuka dzevakuru dzinogonawo kuchengetwa mu vivarium, iyo pakati pezvimwe zvinhu inopa rubatsiro rwekutarisirwa kwevanhu uye kutonga. Zvikonzero zvekuvachengeta vakasununguka-zvinenge zviri zvechisikigo kosi yezuva uye gore pamwe nekusiyana kwakasiyana kwemwaranzi yezuva, iyo inobatsira kune hutano uye mamiriro ehutu. Mukuwedzera, madziva ane zvinomera zvakakodzera uye yakawanda nzvimbo yakasikwa inogona kumiririra nzvimbo yakasikwa. Maitiro emhuka anogona kucherechedzwa zvakanyanya asina kusvibiswa munharaunda inenge yakasikwa: Huchokwadi hwekutarisa hunowedzerwa.

Zvidiki Zvinodiwa Pakuchengeta

Paunenge uchichengeta uye nekutarisira Emys orbicularis, unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekutevedzera zvakatemwa zvakatemwa zviyero:

• Maererano ne "Chirevo pamusoro pezvishoma zvinodiwa pakuchengetwa kwezvinokambaira" zve10.01.1997, vachengeti vanosungirwa kuti vaone kuti kana peya yeEmys orbicularis (kana mbiri turtles) ichiiswa muaqua terrarium, nzvimbo yavo yepasi pemvura ndiyo. Kureba kwakapetwa kashanu kwakafanana nekureba kwegoko remhuka huru, uye upamhi hwayo hunosvika hafu yehurefu hweaqua terrarium. Kureba kweyero yemvura kunofanirwa kunge kwakapetwa kaviri paupamhi hwetangi.
• Kune imwe neimwe turtle yekuwedzera iyo inogara mune imwecheteyo aqua terrarium, 10% inofanira kuwedzerwa kune izvi zviyero, kubva kumhuka yechishanu 20%.
• Uyezve, chikamu chevhu chinosungirwa chinofanira kutarisirwa.
• Paunenge uchitenga aqua terrarium, kukura kwehukuru hwemhuka kunofanira kuverengwa, sezvo zvishoma zvinodiwa zvinoshanduka maererano.
• Zvinoenderana neshumo, kupisa kunopenya kunofanirwa kunge kuri. 30 ° C.

Rogner (2009) anokurudzira tembiricha yeapprox. 35 ° C-40 ° C muchiedza koni yehita inopenya kuti ive nechokwadi chekuoma kwakakwana kweganda remhuka uye nekudaro kuuraya pathogenic microorganisms.

Sekureva kwemushumo, zvimwe zvakakosha zvekushandisa zvishoma ndezvi:

• yakakodzera ivhu substrate pakureba kwakakwana,
• nzvimbo dzekuvanda,
• mikana yekukwira inokwanisika (matombo, matavi, matavi) ehukuru hwakakodzera uye zviyero,
• zvichida kudyara kugadzira yakakodzera microclimate, senzvimbo dzekuvanda, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu,
• pakuchengeta vakadzi vakakura pabonde vanokandira mazai akasarudzika sarudzo dzekukandira.

Kuchengeta muAquaterrarium

Aquaterrariums yakanyatsokodzera kuchengeta zvidhori zvidiki zveEuropean pond turtles, senge B. pwere mhuka, uye inokupa iwe mukana wekushandisa zvakanyanya kutonga pamusoro pemamiriro ehupenyu uye kukura kwemhuka. Mari yemidziyo inodiwa kazhinji yakaderera pane yekurima mahara.

Hushoma saizi yeaqua terrarium inobuda kubva pane zvakatemwa zvakatemwa zvinodiwa (ona pamusoro). Senguva dzose, izvi ndizvo zvakaperera zvinodikanwa. Mahombe aqua terrariums anogara achifarira.

Nzvimbo ye vivarium inofanira kusarudzwa kuitira kuti pasave nekuvhiringidza kana kukanganisa munzvimbo yepivoting yemagonhi nemahwindo uye pakusarudza kamuri, kutarisirwa kunofanira kutorwa kudzivisa kuvhiringidzika uye ruzha kuitira kuti usashungurudza mhuka. Madziro ari pedyo anofanira kunge akaoma kudzivirira kuumbwa kwe mold.

Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvehutsanana, zvakare, zvine musoro kuita kuti chikamu chikuru chenyika chiwanike, sezvo mvura iri munzvimbo yakanaka kune mabhakitiriya, fungi, uye mamwe ma microorganisms anogona kutungamirira kuchirwere chegomba redziva.

Kushandiswa kwemarambi akakodzera kunokosha pakuomesa nekudziya turtle, kusanganisira marambi esimbi halide pamwe chete nemwenje wefluorescent. Kuti udzivise kupenya kwemwenje wefluorescent, mabhora emagetsi (EVG) anodiwa kune akajairwa ballasts. Pakusarudza mwenje, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti kune yakakodzera UV spectrum, kunyangwe mwenje unoenderana nemutengo unodhura asi uchikosha pametabolism uye hutano hwekamba. Panyaya yekuvheneka, iyo chaiyo geographic kosi yezuva uye gore inofanira kuenzanisirwa kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekugara chiri sechisikigo sezvinobvira. Nguva dzinogona kushandiswa kune izvi. Vanoita kuti mwenje ubatidzwe nekudzima mukati mezuva.

Kuongororwa nguva dzose kwehutano hwemvura uye kuchinja kwemvura kunodiwa chinhu chinokosha chekuchengetedza. Shanduko iyi inogona kuitika kuburikidza nekudhonza mavharuvhu kana kuburikidza ne "suction hose nzira". Masefa masisitimu anogona kushandiswa chero bedzi asingatungamiriri kune asingadiwi mafungu anotenderedza turtles uye zvikamu zvemvura zvakatenderedza uye zvinotungamira kuwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba nemhuka. Kune zvakare sarudzo yekubatanidza hose yekudzoka kune sefa pamusoro pepamusoro pemvura. Iyo rippling inofarira kupihwa kweokisijeni uye nekudaro kune mhedzisiro yakanaka pamhando yemvura.

Bächtiger (2005) inokurudzira kudzivisa kusefa kwemagetsi kumadziva ari pedyo nehwindo. Kushandiswa kwemaruva emussel uye mahyacinths emvura sekusefa kwebiological kune musoro: Dope rinobviswa nguva nenguva uye bheseni rinozadzwa nemvura yakachena.

Mapazi (semuenzaniso anorema elder bazi Sambucus nigra) uye zvakafanana zvinogona kugadziriswa muchikamu chemvura uye kugadzira dziva. Tuturu dzemadziva dzinogona kukwira pamusoro payo dzichitsvaga nzvimbo dzakakodzera muzuva. Zvirimwa zvemumvura zvinoyangarara mune imwe nzvimbo yedziva zvinopa chifukidziro nedziviriro.

Kugara uchidyisa uye kutarisisa kudyiwa kwechikafu zvinhu zvakakosha pakuzvichengeta nekuzvichengeta. Paunenge uchidyisa mhuka duku, unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti dzine mapuroteni akakwana. Iwe zvakare unofanirwa kubhadhara kune yakakwira calcium kudya. Mune dziva, iwe unogona kunyanya kuita pasina kuwedzera kwekudya, sezvo kazhinji kune hozhwa dzakawanda, makonye, ​​zvipembenene, makonye, ​​etc. Uye sezvo European pond turtle inoda kudya izvi uye inodya zvakaora uye inobereka, ine mapuroteni akakwana. , makabhohaidhiretsi, mafuta, mavhitaminzi, uye zvicherwa.

Makonye pamwe chete nemapute ezvipembenene uye zvimedu zvemombe, izvo zvakagadziridzwa nevhitamini uye mineral supplements, zvakakodzerwa nekuwedzera kudya. Iwe haufanirwe kudyisa huku mbishi nekuda kwenjodzi yesalmonella. Haufanire kudyisa hove nekuti ine enzyme thiaminase, inodzivirira kubatwa kwevhitamini B. Kudyisa zvimiti zvekudya zvinogona kutengwa zvakanyanya nyore. Nekudaro, iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekudya kwakasiyana uye chenjera kuti usapfudze mhuka!

Midziyo yekuisa inofanirwa kugadzirwa yevakadzi vakura pabonde (Bächtiger, 2005), iyo izere nemusanganiswa wejecha uye peat. Kudzika kwe substrate kunofanirwa kunge kuri masendimita makumi maviri. Musanganiswa unofanirwa kugara wakanyorova zvachose kudzivirira gomba rezai kubva pakudonha panguva yekuchera. Iyo inopenya heater (HQI rambi) inofanirwa kuiswa pamusoro peimwe neimwe nzvimbo yekuisa. Kutonhora kwemhando yemhando yechando kunomiririra dambudziko guru kune vanhuwo zvavo. Pane mikana yakasiyana pano. Kune rimwe divi, mhuka dzinogona kuvharira mufiriji patembiricha zvishoma pamusoro pechando, kune rumwe rutivi, turtles dzinogona hibernate munzvimbo inotonhorera (20 ° -4 ° C), ine rima.

Kuchengeta Mudziva

Nzvimbo yakakodzera yeEmys yekunze system inofanirwa kupa zuva rakawanda sezvinobvira, saka rutivi rwezasi runobatsira zvakanyanya. Zvinotova nani kubvumira kubuda kwezuva kubva kumabvazuva kubva mangwanani-ngwanani. Miti yakasvibira uye marara haafaniri kunge ari pedyo nedziva, sezvo mashizha anodonha kana tsono zvine simba rakaipa pahutano hwemvura.

Iyo yekupukunyuka-proof uye opaque fenzi kana yakafanana inokurudzirwa kumuganhu weiyo system. Zvivako zvemapuranga zvakafanana ne-upside-down L zvinonyanya kukodzera pano, sezvo mhuka dzisingakwanisi kukwira pamusoro pemapuranga akakomberedzwa. Asi zvivharo zvakagadzirwa nedombo rakatsetseka, kongiri kana zvinhu zvepurasitiki zvakaratidzawo pachazvo.

Iwe unofanirwa kurega kukwira zvirimwa uye makwenzi makuru pamucheto wegadziriro. Emys ichokwadi kukwira maartist uye shandisa mikana yakawanda yekuongorora nzvimbo yakatenderedza.

Ruzhowa runofanira kunyudzwa masendimita mashoma pasi kuti risakanganiswa. Ipa dziviriro kubva kumhuka dzinodya dzimwe nyika (semuenzaniso shiri dzakasiyana-siyana), kunyanya kumhuka diki, mambure kana grid pamusoro pehurongwa.

Pasi pedziva rinogona kuputirwa nevhu, kongiri, uye kuzadzwa nematombo kana kuti rinogona kugadzirwa nenzira yefoil pond kana kushandisa pre-yakagadzirwa epurasitiki madziva kana girazi faibha akasimbisa epurasitiki mats. Langer (2003) inotsanangura kushandiswa kweGRP mats ataurwa pamusoro apa.

Kudyarwa kwenzvimbo yemvura kunogona kusarudzwa zvakasununguka. Nemadziva efoil, zvisinei, mabhururu anofanira kudziviswa, sezvo midzi inogona kubaya foil.

Mähn (2003) anokurudzira marudzi emiti anotevera enzvimbo yemvura yeEmys system:

• Common hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum)
• Mvura Crowfoot (Ranunculus aquatilis)
• Crab claw (Statiotes aloides)
• Duckweed (Lemna gibba; Lemna minor)
• Kurumwa nedatya (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae)
• Dziva rose (Nuphar lutea)
• Mvura yemaruva (Nymphaea sp.)

Mähn (2003) anodoma mhando dzinotevera dzekudyara kubhanga:

• Mumiriri wemhuri ye sedge (Carex sp.)
• Frog spoon (Alisma plantago-aquatica)
• Mhando diki dzeIris (Iris sp.)
• Northern pike herb (Pontederia cordata)
• Marsh marigold (Caltha palustris)

Miti yakakora haingopi simba rekuchenesa mvura chete asiwo nzvimbo dzekuvanda dzemhuka. European pond turtle pwere dzinofarira kupedza zuva pamashizha ehapa remvura. Kamba dzinowana zvokudya ipapo uye dzinogona kuronga kudya kwadzo maererano. Kuvhima mhuka inorarama inoda mota, chemosensory uye hunyanzvi hwekuona uye inoda kurongeka. Izvi zvichachengeta turtles dzako dzakakwana mumuviri uye nekunzwa kunetseka.

Dziva racho rinofanira kunge rine nzvimbo dzisina kudzika dzemvura dzinopisa nekukurumidza.

Nzvimbo dzakadzika dzemadziva dzinodikanwawo, sezvo mvura inotonhorera inodiwa pakudzora kupisa.

Kudzika kwemvura kudiki-diki pakuita nguva yechando mhuka dziri munzvimbo yakavharirwa yekunze kunofanirwa kunge kuri kuita kunge. 80 cm (munzvimbo dzinofarirwa nemamiriro ekunze, kana zvisina kudaro 100 cm).

Mapazi akabuda kubva mumvura anogadzira dziva uye anopa turtles mukana wekutsvaira zuva zvakanyanya panguva imwe chete uye kutsvaga pekugara pasi pemvura nekukurumidza kana pakaitika njodzi.

Paunenge uchichengeta varume vaviri kana kupfuura, iwe unofanirwa kugadzira nzvimbo yakavhurika-yemhepo inovharika ine anenge maviri madziva, nekuti nharaunda maitiro emhuka dzechirume anounza kunetseka. Mhuka dzisina simba dzinogona kudzokera kune rimwe dziva uye kurwa kwenzvimbo kunodzivirirwa.

Kukura kwedziva kwakakoshawo: munzvimbo yakakura yemvura, nekudyara kwakakodzera, chiyero che ecological chinotangwa, kuitira kuti masisitimu aya ave asina kuchengetedza, izvo zviri nyore kune rumwe rutivi uye kudzivirira kupindira kusingakoshi. munzvimbo yekugara kune imwe. Kushandiswa kwepombi uye mafirita masisitimu anogona kupihwa pasi pemamiriro aya.

Paunenge uchigadzira bhangi, unofanirwa kutarisisa nzvimbo dzisina kudzika dzebhangi kuitira kuti mhuka dzibve mumvura zviri nyore (mhuka dzechidiki nedzechikuru dzinonyura nyore nyore kana nzvimbo dzebhangi dzakanyanya kana kuti dzakatsetseka). Yakasungirirwa makonati mats kana matombo ematombo pamucheto wemvura anogona kushanda seyamuro.

Nzvimbo dzemaoviposition dzevakadzi vakura pabonde dzinofanirwa kuwanikwa kunze. Mähn (2003) inokurudzira kusikwa kwemazai-kuisa machuru. Musanganiswa wechetatu chejecha uye zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvevhu remugadheni rinokurudzirwa se substrate. Zvikomo izvi zvinofanira kugadzirwa pasina zvinomera. Kureba kwezvikwiriso izvi zvinenge 25 cm, hupamhi hunenge 80 cm, nzvimbo yacho inofanira kusarudzwa seyakaratidzwa nezuva sezvinobvira. Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, muti wacho wakakodzerawo kupararira kwechisikigo. Rondedzero inoenderana inogona kuwanikwa muRogner (2009, 117).

Mamwe ose echirimwa anogona kukurira nedense, zvinomera zvakaderera.

mhedziso

Nekuchengeta uye nekutarisira ichi chisingawanzo uye chakachengetedzwa reptile, iwe uri kushingaira mukuchengetedza mhuka. Nekudaro, haufanirwe kurerutsa izvo zvinodikanwa pauri iwe: kuchengetedza mhenyu yakadzivirirwa nenzira yakafanira mhuka, kunyanya nekufamba kwenguva, ibasa rakaoma kwazvo rinoda nguva yakawanda, kuzvipira, uye kushanda nesimba.