Mary Allen
Hamster inonzwisiswa zvakasiyana kwazvo nevanhu: kune vamwe vanoreva kushungurudza, kune vamwe zvinongova zvinhu zvekuyedzwa murabhoritari. Asi kune vanhu vazhinji, hamsters inogadzira mhuka yakanaka. Nekuda kwechitarisiko chavo chakanaka, hunhu hune hupenyu uye, pamusoro pezvose, hunhu hwavo hwekuvimba, hamster iri kukunda mwoyo yevadiki nevakuru zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, haisi yega hamster yakakodzera zvakaenzana pamuridzi wemhuka. Kune mimwe misiyano mune yakatenderedza 20 subspecies, kunyanya maererano nehukuru, maitiro uye tarisiro yehupenyu. Ndeupi rudzi rwe hamster rwuri rwakakodzera saka runofanira kutariswa zvakanyanya. Mifananidzo inotevera ye hamster yakasiyana inoratidza zvakakosha, izvo zvavanofanana uye nei hamster inongova mhuka huru.
Hamster mufananidzo
Cricetinae, zita rechiLatini, rinoreva hamster genus muzhinji. Hamsters vatakuri uye nekudaro ndevemhuri yembeva kana, mupfungwa yakafara, kumakonzo.
Vadiki vacho vari kumba muEurasia yese, vachifarira nzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzakaoma. Chete hamster yemumunda inongonzwa kumba muCentral Europe. Sezvipfuyo, zvakadaro, vagara vazviita pasirese uye vanowana imba nyowani pese pese nemhuri dzinoda mhuka.
Nekuda kwenhoroondo yavo, kupararira kwakakura uye kwekupedzisira asi kusiri kudiki nekuda kwemitsara yekuberekesa inotarwa nevanhu, marudzi akasiyana akabuda, mamwe acho ane misiyano chaiyo, asiwo yakawanda yakafanana.
Zvinowanzoitika zvemhando dze hamster
Mhando dzese dzehamster dzine chimiro chadzo chakaita sechitunha, chine matama ane hamster anogaya, mazino madiki anotsenga, uye muswe mupfupi unofananidzwa usingabatsiri. Kunyangwe vachigona kubata zvakanaka nekuda kwemaoko avo akapinza, havasi ivo vane shungu dzekukwira. Asi, muviri wavo wese wakagadzirirwa mararamiro ekuchera nekuchera. Izvi zvinoreva kuti dzinokwanisa kufamba zvakanaka mumigero yepasi pevhu, kuchera pasi pakasimba uyezve kufamba madaro marefu anoshamisa.
Mvere dzadzo dzakakora dzakagadzirirwawo kutonhora kunotonhora uye zvakare dzinovafukidzira zvakakwana hupenyu hwepasi, pakati pemashizha, huswa nematombo. Hamsters inotsamira zvakanyanya pakunzwa kwavo kwakanaka uye nekunzwa kwavo kunhuhwirira kwakanyanya. Kuona vavengi ndiko kwechipiri. Kana ma hamster ari munjodzi, pfungwa yavo yekutiza inovaendesa kunzvimbo yekuvanda iri pedyo. Ndebvu dziri pamhino dzinobatsira kuwana kunyange zvipingamupinyi zviduku munguva yakanaka, iyo inonyanya kukosha murima. Nokuti hamsters inoshanda manheru uye usiku.
"Nyaya" yavo inosanganisira kudya kwezvirimwa, kunyanya mbeu. Zvirimwa zvemumunda, zviyo nesoya bhinzi zvinounganidzwa pamwe nepizi, mbatatisi, makarotsi, maturnips uye kunyange midzi nenhungirwa. Mapuroteni emhuka haawanzo pamenyu. Zvipembenene, madzvinyu, kunyange zvimwe zvipuka zviduku zvakadai sembeva uye shiri duku zvechokwadi chikamu che hamster's prey pattern.
Hamsters inogona kutakura huwandu hunoshamisa hwechikafu mumabhegi avo ematama. Izvi zvinotakurwa kuchivakwa uye zvinochengeterwa nguva yechando. Hunhu hwavanodawo kuita mukuve varidzi vezvipfuyo. Nekudaro, mubvunzo wehubernation hautombomuki mukati memukati-inopisa. Iyo hamster inogonawo kugadziriswa nyore nyore kuchengeta mhuka dzinovaraidza mune zvimwe zvinhu, chero bedzi vachivapa mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana nemhando-akakodzera sezvinobvira.
Ndeapi marudzi e hamster akakodzera semhuka dzinovaraidza?
Nekuchengetwa kwayo, hamster yaifanira kushivirira shanduko zhinji. Izvi zvakare zvikonzero nei mamwe marudzi akazvisimbisa kwazvo, asi mamwe mashoma. Saka haasi marudzi ese e hamster anonyatsokodzera sechipfuwo chepfu, zvimwe zvakatonyanya.
Mhuka dzakakosha, dzakadai sepiebald golden hamster, dzinoonekwa sedzakanyanya kuoma kudzikamisa. Iyo hamster yegoridhe yeSyria haina kunyanya kusimba uye inobatwa nezvirwere kana ichichengetwa mumba. Kune rimwe divi, teddy hamster ndeyechokwadi classics mukuchengeta hamster, kunyanya nekuti ari nyore kutarisira uye kazhinji vanovimba.
Chaizvoizvo, hamsters inongoshanda mukupera kwemasikati uyezve kusvika mambakwedza emangwanani. Havafaniri kukanganiswa panguva yavo yekurara uye yekuzorora. Izvi zvinoshanda zvakanyanya kunyanya kumarudzi makuru kupfuura kune vamiririri vaduku. Kushushikana kusingakoshi kwaizongowedzera hukasha uye kuderedza tarisiro yehupenyu.
Maitiro adzo kune mamwe marudzi emhuka anofanirawo kuverengerwa. Kuedza kushamwaridzana senge mbeva, degus kana tsuro hazvikurudzirwe. Ngozi yekuti mhuka dziurayane yakakura kwazvo.
Zvisinei, hamster yakapusa inofambidzana zvakanaka nevana. Zvisinei, hamster dzegoridhe dzinowanzochengetedzwa mumaoko evana kupfuura muviri wakapfava wehamster diki.
Kusiyana pakati pemhando dze hamster
Kana iwe usingazivi zvakawanda nezve hamsters, iwe haungatombocherechedza misiyano yakawanda pakati pemarudzi. Zvisinei, zvakakodzera kunyatsotarisisa. Muchokwadi, mhando yega yega hamster ine quirks dzayo dzinoita kuti dzive dzakakosha kune connoisseurs.
Chaizvoizvo, marudzi e hamster anosiyana maererano ne:
- Saizi: Yakajairwa-saizi hamsters, zvakare yakarongedzerwa sepakati-saizi hamsters, ndeyegoridhe teddy hamsters, semuenzaniso. Vanosvika pakureba kwemusoro-muviri kunosvika 120 kusvika 165 mm. Mahamster madiki, seCampbell, anongokura kusvika 90 mm kureba, kureva isingasviki hafu iyo. Nadzo, zvisinei, dzimwe dzinogona kubhadharwa nekureba kwemiswe yadzo. Kune short-tailed dwarf hamsters uye refu-tailed dwarf hamsters.
- Maitiro: Iyo yakajairwa hamster inogara yakasurukirwa uye, kunze kwekusangana, ine hutsinye kune conspecifics. Naizvozvo, anochengetwa ari oga. MaCampbells anogonawo dzimwe nguva kuchengetwa ari mumapoka, izvo zvingasashanda nguva dzose, asi kazhinji hazvidiwi nekuda kwehuwandu hwekubereka.
- Hupenyu hunotarisirwa: Kunyangwe nekuchengetwa kwakakwana, kudya kwakaringana uye hutano husina kunaka, avhareji yezera re hamsters inotenderedza makore maviri. Nekudaro, Djungarian neChinese dwarf hamsters vanonzi vanorarama kusvika kumakore matatu uye kupfuura.
Mukuwedzera, mhando dzakasiyana dze hamster dzinosiyana zvakanyanya mukuvara kwavo, izvo zvinodiwa nemunhu uye maitiro avo kune vane ruzivo vanoda hamster.
Goridhe hamster mune mufananidzo
Kana mubvunzo ukamuka kuti uye kana zvirizvo ndeipi hamster inofanirwa kufamba mukati sechipfuyo, hamster dzegoridhe uye teddy hamsters kazhinji ndiwo mazwi ekutanga, kunyangwe mateddies ari ekupedzisira ari subspecies egoldies. Vakawana mukurumbira wechokwadi mumakumi emakore adarika. Izvi zvinogona zvakare kuve nekuda kwekuti chimiro chavo chemusango, iyo yeSyria yegoridhe hamster, inozivikanwa, kunyangwe isingawanzo kufarirwa. Iko zvino yava paIUCN rondedzero yezvipenyu zviri mungozi yokutsakatika.
Nekudaro, kune akawanda ekuberekesa akasiyana-siyana ayo, ayo anovimbisa kuti classic hamster inorarama zvakachengeteka mukuchengeta zvipfuwo. Vese ndevevanonzi vepakati hamsters.
Hamster yegoridhe inorondedzerwa seyemusango-mavara kana matatu-mavara mumuridzi wemhuka. Huru-ruvara rwegoridhe hamster (Syrian goridhe hamsters) ine yakajairwa mvere dzegoridhe, dzakachena chete padumbu. Hama dzine mavara matatu, kune rumwe rutivi, dzinobudisa mavara akasiyana-siyana, asi nguva dzose pamwe chete nemuchena. Dema, grey, brown uye beige zvinobvumidzwa semavara ejasi. Mimwe mitsetse yekuberekesa yakazvitsaura kubva pane izvi uye panzvimbo pacho inofarira maalbino nehafu-albino. Maziso e hamster akadaro anobva awanzotsvuka panzvimbo yedema.
Iyo piebald yegoridhe hamster
Izvi zvinonyanya kureva chimiro chakachengetwa chegoridhe hamster yeSyria. Pano, zvakare, iyo hamster-yakajairika coloring inoitika. Zvisinei, kupfurikidza nokuberekesa kwakanangwa, mamwe mavara mazhinji aigona kugadzirwa. Zvinoenderana nechirevo "Chinhu chikuru chine mavara" (uye saka chinobatsira zvakanyanya), zvinosuruvarisa kuti, maitiro ekunze aiwanzo kufarirwa nekuda kwehutano mukubereka.
Chisikwa chinonyara kubva kumhuka dzesango chichiri mu piebald golden hamster.
Hunhu piebald golden hamster:
- Kukura: 12-16cm
- Maitiro: kutya kune kutya, kusavimba zvakanyanya
- Hupenyu hunotarisirwa: makore gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri
- Akakosha maficha: anotarisisa zvakanyanya kune dhizaini uye anobatwa zvakanyanya nezvirwere, zvinozivikanwa nemhando dzadzo dzine mavara.
The white-banded gold hamster
White-banded goridhe hamsters imhando yakakosha yepiebald goridhe hamsters. Panzvimbo pokuva nemavara asina mavara, rudzi urwu rwakaberekerwa namaune bhendi redumbu jena iro rudzi rwacho rwakawana zita rarwo.
Hunhu huchena-banded yegoridhe hamster:
- Kukura: 12-16cm
- Maitiro: rugare
- Hupenyu hunotarisirwa: makore gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri
- Akakosha maficha: inobata zvakanyanya kune dhizaini uye inobatwa zvakanyanya nezvirwere, mvere dziri pakati pemuviri dzakachena, musoro uye rump zvine mavara.
Iyo yegoridhe teddy hamster
Mhuka idzi dzinonzi "Teddies" nekuti dzinenge dzakafanana. Mvere dzadzo refu dzinovapa chitarisiko chinofadza, kunyangwe zvakadaro ivo vanongonzwa sevamwe vese hamster uye havafanirwe kubatwa sevasiri matoyi.
Teddy hamster ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa rudzi rwe hamster. Vanokurumidza kuva vakapfava uye vanoda kuva pedyo nevanhu, semuenzaniso kuva nevhudzi ravo risingadzoreki rakagadziridzwa zvishoma.
Nhoroondo yegoridhe hamsters, inonziwo teddies, teddy hamsters, uye hamster dzine bvudzi refu:
- Kukura: 12-16cm
- Maitiro: kurumidza kudzora
- Hupenyu hunotarisirwa: makore gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri
- Hunhu hwakakosha: kwete rudzi rwemusango, asi chimiro chakarimwa chakarimwa nechinangwa chebvudzi refu, iro rinozodawo rubatsiro nekushambidzika.
Iyo Golden Angora Hamster
Angora hamster inosiyana yegoridhe teddy hamster. Naivo mumwe anotaura nezveanonzi Rex fur. Bvudzi rinomonereka zvishoma pane kurara pasi. Izvi zvinoita kuti dzimwe nguva zvioneke shaggy. Kana ivo vakayambukawo ne teddy hamsters, vana vanozotaridzika chaizvo. Mukuedza kubereka kwakawanda, zvisinei, mvere dzakava dzakatetepa uye dzakatetepa. Kusiyana nemateddy, Angoras haafarire kukwidziridzwa zvakanyanya, asi musimboti inoda iyo zvakanyanya kuitira kuti fur isanamatirana, semuenzaniso kubva kune zvakasara zvekudya.
Nhoroondo yeAngora yegoridhe hamsters, inonziwo Rex hamsters:
- Kukura: 12-16cm
- Maitiro: hazvisi nyore kudzoreredza nguva dzose
- Hupenyu hunotarisirwa: makore gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri
- Akakosha maficha: piebald coloring, frizzy kudonha, mamwe marefu-bvudzi akasiyana, anoda kuwedzera kushambidzika.
Iyo satin yegoridhe hamster
Iyi hamster inotarisa kunyanya yemhando. Mvere yavo inopenya inopenya inovawanira zita rekuti satin hamster. Nekuti iyo genetic zvinhu zvinokonzeresa izvi zvakagarwa nhaka nenzira inotonga, inogona kuyambukirwa mune dzinenge dzese mamwe marudzi e hamster. Mamwe kunyange madiki hamster anozvarwa ane satin factor, asi kunyanya epakati-saizi hamsters.
Hunhu hweSatin yegoridhe hamster:
- Kukura: 12-16cm
- Maitiro: anoonekwa akaenzana uye anovimba
- Hupenyu hunotarisirwa: makore gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri
- Akakosha maficha: iyo fur inonyanya kupenya uye yakapfava, inogonawo kuitika seyakasiyana-bvudzi refu (satin teddy hamster) kana sehafu-albino ine grey nzeve (Russian hamster, inonziwo Siam hamster).
Dwarf hamster mune mufananidzo
Sezvo madiki hamsters achingosvika padiki saizi kana achienzaniswa nevamwe vavo hamsters, ivo vanoda chimiro chakakosha. Commercial hamster makeji anowanzo kugadzirirwa nemabhawa. Nekudaro, madiki madiki hamster aingotsvedza nepakati peizvi. Magirazi egirazi saka akakodzera zvakanyanya.
Asi ani naani anofunga kuti kureba kwemuviri zvinorevawo kuti nzvimbo shoma inodikanwa haana kururama. Dwarf hamsters haina kunyanya kukodzera kutenderera-yemahara uye saka vanopedza yakawanda yehupenyu hwavo mumakeji. Izvi zvinofanirwa kupa huwandu hunoenderana hwenzvimbo nemikana yebasa kuitira kuti kuda kutama kugone kurarama nenzira inoenderana nemarudzi.
Mukuwedzera, iyo madiki hamster marudzi ane zvimwe zvakakosha mune yavo repertoire.
Djungarian hamster
Iyo ingangove yekare, yakaratidza nesainzi hamster rudzi: iyo Dsunagrian dwarf hamster, inonziwo Russian dwarf hamster. Iye zvakare mumwe weapfupi-tailed dwarf hamsters uye anogona kuwanikwa mune dzinenge dzese zvitoro zvezvipfuyo. Anozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwesimba rake rakasimba, rinovimba nehunhu uye chitarisiko chakanaka.
Hunhu hweDjungarian dwarf hamsters, inonziwo Djungarians:
- Kukura: 9-11cm
- Maitiro: anoda kuziva, ane hushamwari, anokurumidza kudzorwa, dzimwe nguva zvakare diurnal
- Hupenyu hunotarisirwa: makore gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri
- Akakosha maficha: yakasarudzika dorsal mutsara kumusana, mvere dzemhuka dzesango dzinoshanduka chena munguva yechando (zvishoma kwazvo mukuchengeta zvipfuwo).
The Campbell's dwarf hamster
MaCampbells anowanzo kuvhiringika nemaDjungarians sezvo akafanana zvakanyanya pakuonekwa. Mabviro avo chete ndiwo anosiyana - mahamster madiki eCampbell anobva kuchamhembe kweMongolia nekuchamhembe kweChina - uye kuti mitsetse yavo yekumashure haina dema uye yakanyanya kusviba. Mukuwedzera, maalbino (white fur) uye argents (fallow, yellowish fur) vave kuonekwawo pakati peCampbells.
Hunhu hweCampbell's dwarf hamster:
- Kukura: 7-9cm
- Maitiro: pane hupenyu, anoshanda zvakanyanya, vakadzi vanowanzoruma
- Hupenyu hunotarisirwa: makore gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri
- Akakosha maficha: anogona kutochengetwa mumapoka kana mhuka dzichigarisana zvakanaka uye dzine nzvimbo yakakwana iripo; mvere dzine mutsetse wakasvibira wemusana.
Roborovsky dwarf hamster
Ndivo vamiriri vadiki verudzi rwavo uye dzimwe nguva vanotsanangurwa seyakanyanya hyperactive, iyo yavanombogara kunze mukati mezuva. Mukuwedzera, ipfupi-tailed hamster uye yakanyatsogadzirirwa hupenyu pakati pejecha rejecha. Saka, iyo yakajairika hamster cage haisi iyo yakanakisa sarudzo yekuchengeta mhuka dzinovaraidza, asi hamster terrarium (circetarium) ine mhando-yakakodzera michina. Roborovsky dwarf asters haisi nyore kubereka sezvo ivo vanonyanya kusarudza kana zvasvika pakusarudza wekuroorana naye. Mhuka duku dzinodawo kutarisirwa naamai kwevhiki imwe kana mbiri.
Nhoroondo Roborowski dwarf hamster, inonziwo "Robos":
- Saizi: 4.5 - 7 cm, haina kukodzera kupuruzira
- Maitiro: Anoshanda zvakanyanya, asi haafarire kukwira, akasarudzika uye anoda, dzimwe nguva anomhanyisa uye kutya
- Hupenyu hunotarisirwa: makore gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri
- Akakosha maficha: idiki hamster rudzi, asiwo inokurumidza; kazhinji mvere dzine ruvara rwejecha; inogona kuchengetwa mumapoka kana mhuka dzichigarisana zvakanaka uye dzine nzvimbo yakakwana iripo.
The Chinese mitsetse hamster
Iyo Chinese mitsetse hamster, inozivikanwawo sehofori pakati pevaduku, yakanga yakanganwika kwenguva yakareba uye yaifanira kuwanikwazve semhando yakazvimirira ye hamster. Zvisinei, kubvira ipapo, yakafarikanya mukurumbira unowedzera. Ndiyo imwe yeakareba-muswe diki hamster uye inotaridzika chaizvo yakafanana nembeva diki: Nekuda kwechimiro chemuviri wakareba, chiyero chemiviri midiki kusvika kumiswe mirefu uye kazhinji ine grey-brown ruvara.
Chinese mitsetse hamster / Chinese dwarf hamster:
- Kukura: 8-13cm
- Maitiro: anoda kukwira, anova anovimba
- Hupenyu hunotarisirwa: makore gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri
- Akakosha maficha: yakasarudzika dorsal mutsara, yakati rebei muswe uye slim chimiro chemuviri zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe hamster.
Nekusiyana uku uye kufanana pakati pemhando ye hamster, sarudzo ye hamster yakarurama haisi nyore nguva dzose. Vatsva kumunda vangangoda kuwana rudzi runovimba kutanga, kunyanya vana imwe yema hamster hombe. Rudzi rwega rwega runogona kunakidza kune vashandisi vepamberi uye vechokwadi vanoda hamster, kunyanya nekuti iko kunakidza kwakawanda kungoona uye kushamisika nemhuka.