Mary Allen
Vanhu vazhinji vanozviona zvisina hutsanana kunanzva nembwa. Vanachiremba vomuMiddle Ages vaidavira nenzira yakarurama mukurapa kwemate embwa. Zvakadaro, dhiri harikuvadzi.
Mashoko okuti “kunanzva maronda omunhu” haasi masanga: imbwa dzinonanzva nomutoo womuzvarirwo mitezo yadzo dzimene, pamwe chete nemativi ane utachiona avanhu. Pfungwa yakabatana yekuporesa kwemate yembwa yakaramba iripo nanhasi. Kutaura zvazviri, pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, vatsvakurudzi BL Hart naKL Powell vekuUniversity of California School of Veterinary Medicine vakawana kuti mate embwa anogona kudzivirira kutapukirwa nemamwe mabhakitiriya. Utachiona huri paronda hwakanyungudutswa zvakanyanya nemate uye mazhinji acho anonanzva kunze.
Jörg Jores anobva kuYunivhesiti yeBern anozivawo nezve antibacterial zvikamu zvemate embwa. “Mate ane lysozyme, inorwisa mamwe mabhakitiriya akadai sestaphylococci nestreptococci. Tinowanawo ma immunoglobulins imomo, kureva masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anoita basa rinokosha mukudzivirira utachiona,” anotsanangura kudaro mukuru weInstitute for Veterinary Bacteriology.
Microorganisms Ari Kugara Achichinja
Madzitateguru edu emuMiddle Ages angangodaro aingofuratira kunhuhwirira kwaiwanzoita. "Tartar, zvirwere mu pharynx kana organic zvichemo zvakadai seitsvo zvinogona kukonzera kunhuwa kwembwa mate nekufema," anodaro Jones. Iyo yakajairika flora yebhakitiriya iripo mumate haikonzere kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi. Zvakaoma kutaura kuti utachiona uhu hungava hupi. Mumwe anongoziva chete kuti kune huwandu hunoshamisa hwebhakitiriya mumate embwa, inofungidzirwa pamamiriyoni akati wandei. "Vashoma vedu chete ndivo vanoziva nzira yekudzirima."
Zvisinei, kunobva utachiona kunozivikanwa. Sekureva kwaJones, kune huwandu hwepamusoro hwekutapurirana kwebhakitiriya kubva kuhure kuenda kumbwanana. Mukuwedzera, mabhakitiriya akawanda anopinda mumate kuburikidza nezvokudya, zvakatipoteredza, uye, hongu, zvirwere. Kuumbwa kwezvinonzi microbiomes (yese yebhakitiriya yakagadzika uye mamwe ma microorganisms) inogara ichichinja: imbwa inonwa, inodya, inonanzva pachayo, kana inonanzva chimwe chinhu uye microbiome yatove yakasiyana. "Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, shanduko yekudya, zvinotariswa, uye shanduko yezvakatipoteredza inoitawo basa pano," anodaro Jones. Kunyange zvazvo mabhakitiriya akawanda asingakuvadzi, utachiona hunokonzera utachiona hunogonawo kuunganidza mate embwa. “Sezvo imbwa inoshambadza, ichinanzva dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri, utachiona hwakaita seE. coli hunogona kuwanikwa mumate pane dzimwe nguva.” Escherichia coli inogona kutungamirira kudumbu furuwenza kana weti zvirwere.
Njodzi, Asi Hapana Kuda Kuvhunduka
Pasinei nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye maronda-kuporesa, Jores anoyambira nezvenjodzi dzinogona kuvandira mumate embwa. Bhakitiriya inodzivirirwa inogona kuwanikwawo ipapo, inogona kunetsa kuvanhu kana ikabatwa. Kutapurirwa kwehutachiona hwechimbwamupengo zvakare ichiri nyaya yakakosha mune dzimwe nzvimbo - kunyangwe zvisiri muSwitzerland.
Rimwe utachiona hunogonawo kuva nengozi kwatiri: Kana munhu akabatwa ne“kurumwa nembwa” ( Capnocytophaga canimorsus ), rinogona kutungamirira kuchepfu muropa inopararira nokukurumidza. “Inopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvina chembwa dzose dzinotakura utachiona uhu mumate adzo.” Iyo veterinary bacteriologist, saka, inopa zano kungwarira. “Hutachiona hwakadai hunogona kutapuriranwa nemaronda akazaruka nemate.”
Zvisinei, hapana chikonzero chokuvhunduka. Kufanana nevamwe vazhinji varidzi vembwa, Jores acharamba achinanzva achifara neshamwari yake yaaida ine makumbo mana. Zvisinei, anokurudzira zvakasimba vanhu vakura uye vasina simba rekudzivirira zvirwere kuti vasanannwe nembwa. Pathogen yakadaro inogona kuva nemigumisiro inoparadza kwavari. Uye zvakanyanya, haufanirwe kurega maronda ako achinanzva nembwa.