Sefa Yemukati Kana Yekunze Yeiyo Aquarium?

Kana zvasvika kune midziyo ye aquarium, vanhu gumi vane gumi nerimwe vakasiyana zvavanoda. Iyo yakasiyana-siyana yekugadzira sarudzo uye kuwedzera kwakawedzera chigadzirwa mhando yevatengesi vakakodzera inobvumirawo vane ruzivo rwemvura kuti vachengete hove nenzira ine mativi mazhinji. Ehe, hadzisi hove chete dzinopera mu aquarium, shrimp, hozhwa, magakanje uye mapurojekiti akachena eaquascaping anozivikanwawo zvakanyanya. Kune yega yega aquarium, saka zvinodikanwa kuyera chaizvo kuti ndeipi tekinoroji kana kuti ndezvipi zvishongedzo zvinodiwa. Izvo zvinodikanwa zvevagari vepasi pemvura zvakasikwa zvine hukuru hwepamusoro pane izvo zvinofarirwa nemuridzi, kunyangwe iyo yekupedzisira inogona kupa iyo yekupedzisa. Semuenzaniso, hapana mubvunzo kuti sefa inofanirwa. Nekudaro, ingave iri yemukati kana yekunze sefa yeiyo aquarium zvinoenderana nezvakawanda zvinhu, zvaunofarira zvega zvichangobva kutaurwa uye zvekupedzisira asi zvisingaite pazvinhu zvakasiyana senge nzvimbo iripo uye yakawanda bhajeti yekutenga. Iwe unogona kuona kuti ndeupi rudzi rwesefa yakanyatsokodzera iyo aquarium mune ino chinyorwa.

Aquarium filter - yakanyudzwa munyika yepasi pemvura yetekinoroji

Munenge mune yega yega aquarium kune nguva dzose kutenderera kwemvura, kuenzanisirwa nemamiriro echisikigo panzvimbo, kuitira kuti vagari vetangi vararame semhando-zvakakodzera sezvinobvira. Izvi zvinoguma nekusimba kwakasiyana kwazvo uye kureba kwemhepo, mabhubhu uye zvakare kunyanya mvura ichiripo. Iko kufamba kunowanzoperekedzwa nekusefa panguva imwe chete. Mune mamwe mazwi: mvura inosvetwa mukati nepombi, inosefa uye inodyiswa zvakare mudunhu. Kufamba kwemvura uye kucheneswa kunogona saka kusanganiswa zvakanaka.

Nekudaro, iwo akasiyana mafirita emu aquarium anotevera nzira dzakasiyana. Vamwe vanoda kushanda kwepamusoro kufambisa kana kutenderedza huwandu hwemadhiji matatu emvura, nepo mamwe achida mashoma simba asi akanyanya kuomarara mafirita. Izvo zvinodikanwa naizvozvo zvakasiyana-siyana uye hazvisi nguva dzose zvakajeka pakutanga kuona.

Basa resefa mu aquarium

Kune iyo aquarium, mafirita emvura anonyanya kutora kurapwa zvachose uye kucheneswa kwemvura. Zvakakosha kusefa tsvina, chikafu chisina kudyiwa nenhaka kubva muhove uye kusadzirega dzichidzokera mutangi kusvikira sefa yacheneswa zvakare kana kuti zvinosvibisa zvashandurwa. Huwandu hukuru hwemhando dzemafirita, kunyanya emu aquariums, saka hwakavakirwa pane tupukanana tunogara pane sefa zvinhu uye kuita mamwe ekushandura maitiro, semuenzaniso kubva kunitrogen kuenda kuokisijeni, ammonia kune nitrate nezvimwe zvakadaro. Panguva imwecheteyo, mamwe maitiro emvura anogona kushandiswa kuburikidza nesefa zvinhu, semuenzaniso iyo pH kukosha.

Asi simba iro mvura inotenderera nayo, nzvimbo yekutora uye yekubuda uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinoitawo basa guru pakusarudza yakakodzera aquarium filter. Nekudaro, mafirita emu aquarium anoshanda pamatanho akasiyana uye ane mamwe mabasa zvinoenderana. Izvi zvinoguma nekugadzirwa kwakasiyana uye pfungwa:

• Mafirita emukati akadai seHamburg mat sefa, sefa yepasi, protein skimmer uye foam cartridge filter;
• Mafirita ekunze akadai sejecha sefa, trickle filter uye backpack filter;
• Zviwedzere zvakadai se peat, microorganisms, makemikari zvinhu uye chaiwo mafirita zvinhu.

Zvichienderana nekuti sefa yemukati kana yekunze inoshandiswa here, mabasa ayo mu aquarium anogona kuverengerwa zvakasiyana. Nekudaro, chinhu chinogadzirisa chinogara chiri huwandu hweiyo aquarium, ingani nzvimbo iripo uye ndeapi marudzi ehove nevamwe vagari vanofanirwa kugara mairi.

Zvinoitawo here pasina sefa?

Kana pasina sefa yakashandiswa kurapa mvura ye aquarium, mvura yemhando yaizokurumidza kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo iyo haina kungove isina kugadzikana kune vagari vemo (zvose mhuka nemiti), asiwo inotyisa kune hutano hwavo uye kunyange kutyisa upenyu. Sezvo tangi ye aquarium iri yakavharwa system, hapana maitiro ekunze, semuenzaniso, anogona kuunganidza pasi pevhu, kubvumira mvura kana kuunza microorganisms. Muzvisikwa, ndizvo chaizvo izvo zvinotarisira kusefa: ivhu, zvirimwa uye tupukanana.

Ivhu rinovhara kunze kwemarara uye rinodzosera mvura yepasi yakachena kune hydrological cycle, iyo inodzoka semvura itsva. Zvirimwa nema microorganisms zvinoshandura chepfu nemarara kuti zvirege kuva nechepfu, asi zvinotove zvinobatsira kusvika pakukosha kwehupenyu. Iko photosynthesis yemiti yepasi pemvura yoga inoderedza huwandu hwenitrogen uye inopa mhuka mweya wemhepo yadzinoda kufema.

Dai pasina mafirita mabasa mu aquarium, hupenyu mairi hwaizokurumidza kuita. Zvirimwa uye diki diki sediment chete haigone kusefa iyo aquarium zvakakwana. Algae yaizoumba nekukasira, iyo yaizorwisa mapani uye nepamusoro pemashizha uye zvichizodzivirira kupenya kwezvirimwa. Aya aibva afa uye oburitsa chepfu kubva mukuwora mumvura. Maparasite aizowana akanakisa mamiriro ipapo, asi mushure mezvose hapana anoada mu aquarium. Kunyanya sezvo hove dzekushongedza dzisingawanzove nedziviriro yakakwana uye dziviriro yekutsungirira mutoro wakadaro zvachose pasina mhedzisiro.

Kuchinja kwemvura kwasara kunogona uye kunofanirwa kuitwa nguva nenguva kutsigira kunaka kwemvura, asi izvi zvingori zvishoma. Kutsiva mvura yese kwaizove nekukanganisa kwakaenzana pane biotope aquarium. Ihove dzakanyanya kuoma, mvura inomira haina kugadzikana uye kunaka kunoshanduka nekukasika kuti kusefa kwechigarire kugovaniswe.

Mhando dzemasefa emu aquariums

Mhando yega yega yesefa ine maitiro ayo. Izvi zvinotanga nekuvaka uye nzvimbo inodiwa. Mafirita emukati akaiswa zvine mutsindo mu aquarium, mafirita ekunze kunze uye chete pombi yekupinza uye kubuda kunze kuri mumvura. Saka mubvunzo unomuka apo kuiswa kunonyanya kufunga. Panguva imwecheteyo, ukuru hwesefa uye kuti inokodzera saizi yedziva kana vhoriyamu yemvura inogadzirisa, kureva kuti kana simba rakakwana kufambisa huwandu hwemvura.

Iko hakuna-saizi-inokodzera-yese mhinduro kune ese aquariums, uye nechikonzero chakanaka. Imwe neimwe tangi uye imwe neimwe mhando yehove ine zvayaida, izvo zvinofanirwa kusangana nekugona kweruzivo rwako uye kutenda kuitira kuti munhu wese anakirwe neiyo aquarium - mukati nekunze.

Sefa yemukati - inobatsira asi yakaoma kusvika

Vazhinji vanotanga vanosarudza sefa yemukati. Sei? Nokuti izvi zviri nyore kubata, zvinowanzobatanidzwa mumaseti akazara evatangi vemvura. Nesefa yemukati, kuvakwa kwese kuri mumvura. Kunze kwechokwadi simba rekupa.

Kuvhura kunokweva kunokwevera mumvura nekuipomba kuburikidza nesefa zvinhu zvekukasharara kwakasiyana. Izvi zvinogona kuva, semuenzaniso, mvere, furo, activated kabhoni uye yakakosha sefa floss. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakamiswa zvimedu uye tsvina inobatwa mairi uye inogara ichibviswa pamwe chete nesefa zvinhu. Iyo yakacheneswa zvinhu zvinobva zvashandiswa zvakare uye ndizvozvo.

Pamusoro pezvo, ma microorganisms atotaurwa anotora sefa zvinhu. Dzinounganawo panzvimbo uye dzichidya zvokudya zvasara uye zvinobuda. Kuburikidza nemaitiro aya, chepfu uye zvinosvibisa zvinoshandurwa uye zvinoyerera zvichidzokera mumvura sehutano hune hutano hune hwazvino kuburikidza ne diffuser.

Zvakanakira zvemukati mafirita:

• Havatore chero nzvimbo kunze kwe aquarium
• Vanowanzova zvakachipa kutenga
• Yakasiyana-siyana sefa zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa sezvinodiwa
• Masefa emukati akanyarara / akaderera-ruzha
• Ivo zvakare vanowanzo wedzera simba-inoshanda nekuti vane shoma simba rekushandisa

Kuipa kwemasefa emukati:

• Mafirita emukati anonyanya kunetsa kusvika pakutsiva zvikamu zvesefa, zvekuchengetedza uye
• kuchenesa, uye zvingatofanira kusimudzwa zvachose kubva mumvura
• Kuita kwacho kunowanzo kugumira nekuti masefa ari madiki
• Mafirita emukati dzimwe nguva anokanganisa optics mu aquarium uye dzimwe nguva anoonekwa se
• Kutsamwisa vaoni
• Uye zvechokwadi, ivo vanotora nzvimbo mu aquarium, iyo iyo hove inoshaya kana isina kushandiswa sechinhu chekugadzira panguva imwe chete.

Ndeapi ma aquariums emukati mafirita akakodzera:

• Nekuda kwekushomeka kwavo kwekuita, mafirita emukati anonyanya kushandiswa mumadziva madiki kusvika epakati-kati;
• Iwo anonyanya kukodzera nano matangi muchimiro chepasi mafirita kuitira kuti asazadze nzvimbo yatove diki mutangi zvakanyanya;
• Mukubatana, mafirita emukati zvakare akanakisa kuwedzera kune kusefa mumatangi makuru seyechipiri mhinduro;
• Mukurera matangi, masefa emukati anowanzova mhinduro yakapfava pasina njodzi yekuti hove diki dzinobatwa mumudziyo wekudhonza.

Sefa yekunze - ine simba asi ine ruzha

Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, mafirita ekunze anoiswa kunze kwetangi uye, neunyanzvi hushoma, anogona kutonyangarika pasina tsvakiridzo mubhesi kabhineti kana muniche iri padyo neiyo aquarium kuitira kuti isakanganise munda wekuona.

Iyo sefa yakabatana neiyo aquarium kuburikidza nepombi yekupinza uye kubuda. Mudziyo wekusveta unowanzo chengetedzwa nedengu kana chimwe chinhu chakafanana kuitira kuti pasave nehove kana mativi makuru echirimwa anoyamwa mukati. Iyo inobuda kunze, zvakare, inogona kuiswa inochinjika uye isingaenderane nemudziyo wekusveta uye inokwanisa kupa mafashama kana kuigadzira. muzasi medziva.

Kungofanana nesefa yemukati, akasiyana mafirita anogona kushandiswa, ayo anogarwawo nema microorganisms nekuda kwekuyerera kwemvura zvachose. Iyo chete drawback: Kana iyo aspirator yakaiswa zvakananga pamusoro pemvura uye izvi zvinodonha, semuenzaniso nekuda kwekunyanyisa evaporation, pombi inodhonza mweya. Izvi hazvigone kungokuvadza tekinoroji sekudaro, mhando yemvura inotamburawo nekukurumidza nekushaikwa kwekuyerera uye kusefa.

Zvakanakira zvemasefa ekunze:

• Ivo havatore chero nzvimbo mu aquarium uye havaonekwe nemeso;
• Yakasiyana-siyana sefa zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa sezvinodiwa;
• Masefa ekunze kazhinji akakura saka anogona kuita zvirinani kana kutenderedza huwandu hwemvura;
• Izvo zvakare zviri nyore kuchenesa, kuchengetedza uye, mumusimboti, zvakananga kuwanikwa;
• Inlet uye yekubuda inogona kuiswa nyore nyore mudziva.

Kuipa kwemasefa emukati:

• Masefa ekunze anowanzo kudhura kutenga;
• Masefa ekunze anoonekwa seakakwira nekuti ruzha rwekupomba haruna kunyoroveswa nemvura uye kazhinji rwakakwira nekuda kwesimba;
• Iyo inoyamwa inofanira kudzivirirwa kudzivirira hove kuti dzisapinda mukati;
• Kana iyo aspirator ichikwevera mweya, tekinoroji inogona kukuvara pamwe nemhando yemvura.

Ndeapi mafirita emukati emu aquarium akakodzera:

• Nekuda kwekuita kwavo kwepamusoro, mafirita ekunze anonyanya kushandiswa kubva pakati kusvika kumatangi makuru
• Iwo akakodzera nano matangi seshanduro dzakaderedzwa dzinofanirwa kupa simba shoma asi dzisingatore chero nzvimbo

Sanganisa aquarium filters

Mumvura zhinji yemvura, sefa system yakakwana zvakakwana. Pamusoro peimwe vhoriyamu yemvura, zvisinei, yakakwirira sefa inodiwa. Asi kudiwa kwemasisitimu akanyarara kunoitawo kuti kusanganiswa kwemafirita akasiyana kunakidze. Mafirita epasi anowanzo kusanganiswa nemasefa madiki ekunze. Kune rumwe rutivi, ma microorganisms ari muvhu substrate anogona kushandiswa zvakanyatsonaka, kune rumwe rutivi, sefa yekunze inochengetedza kufamba kwemvura yakakwana mudziva uye inovhara zvinodiwa sefa.

Iyo inodaidzwa kuti Hamburg mat sefa inowanzo sanganiswa munguva refu, zviri nani sechinhu chekugadzira. Semuenzaniso, iyo roller-yakafanana dhizaini yesefa inogona kushandiswa zvese seyekumisikidza uye kukwirira, pamwe nehwaro hwenzvimbo dzemoss uye nekudaro ivhu rekuberekera tupukanana. Mat mafirita anoshanda chete biologically uye saka ane yakaderera-kugadzirisa. Mu "mvura yakadzikama" ivo vakakwana, asi kazhinji vanoda kutsigirwa kwediki rekunze sefa.

Kune mafirita musanganiswa, zvisinei, mafirita ejecha akazviratidzawo, ayo anoiswa muchimiro cheimwe tangi pasi peiyo aquarium chaiyo. Mvura inobva mu brimming aquarium inoyerera ichipinda mutangi rezasi kuburikidza nekupfachukira, uko inosefa nemuzvikamu zvakati zvejecha uye inopombwa kumashure. Iyi mhando yakapfava yekusefa inokodzera zvese zviri zviviri mvura yakachena uye yegungwa aquariums.

Mufananidzi wejecha sefa angave ari trickle sefa, iyo inonamirwa pamusoro peiyo aquarium chaiyo, iyo yakaoma kwazvo. Mvura inopomba uye, mushure mokupfuura nemusefa, inodonha zvakare semvura. Nzvimbo yemvura inofamba zvishoma chete, nzvimbo dzepasi dzinoramba dzakadzikama.

Musanganiswa wakadai wenzira dzakapfava dzemasefa zvinonyanya kukurudzirwa kune dzakawanda hove dzekushongedza, sezvo dzichida mvura yakamira yakadai semadziva makuru nenzvimbo dzemachakwi nekuda kwekwadzinobva. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune shrimp, mussels, snails uye crustaceans. Mhando shoma dzehove dzinonzwa dzakasununguka mumhepo dzine simba zvishoma.

Saka zvakakosha kufunga kuti ndedzipi hove dzinofanirwa kushandiswa kuti uwane mhando yesefa yakakodzera kana musanganiswa wakakodzera. Zvakakoshawo kubhadhara kune zvinomera. Zvidyarwa zvakasununguka zvinoyangarara, semuenzaniso, hazvifanirwe kuve pachena kune mafungu ane simba.

Chengetedza uye chengetedza mafirita

Zvichienderana nerudzi rwesefa, kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa zvakanyanya kana kushoma. Izvo zvigadziriso zvemazuva ano zvakawana zvakajeka mukunyaradza uye zvinogara zvakanyanya kune ane ruzivo aquarist.

Semuyenzaniso, mafirita ekunze anowanzo kuve neanowanikwa nyore sefa zvinhu zvinogona kutsiviwa sezvinodiwa. Masefa mazhinji emukati anovimba nebiological concepts ayo asingatombo gadziriso anodiwa. Chero zvazvingaitika, zvakakosha kuti usarerutsa mhedzisiro yeakaunganidzwa ma microorganisms. Nyowani sefa zvinhu zvinogara zvichireva kuvakwa kutsva kwebhakitiriya resefa, uye kusvika ipapo kudzora kwakasimba kwemhando yemvura kusvika kukosha kwadzika zvakare.

Iyo sefa saka inowanzoongororwa chete panguva yekuchinja kwemvura yakakwana uye kucheneswa kana zvichidikanwa kana kugadziriswa kana paine matambudziko nehunyanzvi. Sezvineiwo, sefa inotora nzvimbo yekuberekesa tupukanana, iyo inozoita kusefa. Zvakadaro, vanhu vanofanirwa kukwanisa kudzoreredza kana kubatsira kana zvichidikanwa.

Tsigiro yechisikigo uye chemakemikari kune mafirita

Kana, semuenzaniso, iyo nitrate yakakosha yakadzikira kana iyo nitrogen yemukati yakakwira zvakanyanya, kungave nekuti iyo sefa ichiri mhandara kune mabhakitiriya kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakonzera kuchinjika mukuyerekana kwakadzikama kweiyo aquarium, rubatsiro runodiwa.

Izvi zvinogona kuitika zvoga:

• nezvinomera zvakakosha zvemumvura;
• muchimiro chesefa mabhakitiriya anenge atorimwa pane zvinyorwa kana akawedzerwa zvakananga kumvura.

Kana kuburikidza nemakemikari anowedzera:

• kuburikidza nekushandisa activated carbon
• kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwepeat yakasviba

Imwe neimwe sefa zvinhu zvinoshanda zvakasiyana. Mapombi emagetsi esefa haangove nebasa rekubata zvidimbu zvinoyangarara uye kugadzira mhirizhonga munyika yepasi pemvura. Zvinenge zvakatonyanya kukosha mamicroorganisms uye makemikari maitiro anobatanidzwa mukusefa. Zvirimwa zvinoshandura nitrogen kuita okisijeni, activated carbon filters kunze kunhuhwirira uye colourants, peat inoburitsa humic acid uye fulvic acid uye nokudaro inodzikisa pH uye carbonate kuoma, mabhakitiriya anoshandura nitrite kuita nitrate, zvichingodaro. Iyo chete yakazara sefa system inosanganisira yemukati kana yekunze sefa, zvidyarwa, tupukanana, zvinowedzera uye chikamu chemvura shanduko inovimbisa mhando-yakakodzera mvura mhando umo hove uye co. anogona kunzwa akasununguka.