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Falcons vavhimi vakakwana: Nehunyanzvi hwavo hwekubhururuka, vanovhima dzimwe shiri mumhepo kana kusvetukira pasi pamhuka.

unhu

Mhungu dzakaita sei?

Falcons ishiri dzinodya. Dzine musoro mudiki, maziso mahombe, uye muromo wakakochekera wakafanana neshiri dzinodya nyama. Muviri wayo mutete, mapapiro ayo akareba uye akanongedza, uye muswe wayo mupfupi. Zvigunwe zvetsoka dzavo zvakareba uye zvakasimba, zvichiita kuti vakwanise kubata mhuka yavo nounyanzvi. Madzimai erukoni kazhinji akakura zvakanyanya kupfuura varume. Aya anonziwo "Terzel", anobva kuLatin "tertium", zvinoreva "wechitatu".

Semuenzaniso, falcon yekuAmerica ndeimwe yediki diki. Inongoreba 20 kusvika 28 centimita uye inorema 100 kusvika 200 magiramu chete. Mapapiro ayo ane 50 kusvika 60 centimita. Mboro dzechirume dzine musana-tsvuku-tsvuku uye grey-blue mapapiro anoguma ari matema. Dumbu rakareruka uye rine manyawi. Chivharo chiri mumusoro chine grey-blue. Falcon yekuAmerica ine mitsetse mitatu mitema mumusoro. Hadzi dzine mapapiro matsvuku ane ngura uye mabhande matema akati wandei pamuswe, nepo rume dzine bhande dema rimwe chete.

Iyo saker falcon, kune rumwe rutivi, ndeimwe yemakuru makuru. Ndeyehadzi dzinovhima uye ishiri yakatsiga, ine simba. Varume nevakadzi ve saker falcon vanotaridzika zvakafanana uye nekudaro vanenge vasingasiyanisiki kubva kune mumwe. Rutivi rwepamusoro rwemuviri rwune ruvara rwakasvibira, muswe une brown zvishoma pamusoro. Musoro uye dumbu zvakare zvakareruka muruvara kupfuura muviri. Rutivi rwepamusoro pemuviri rwakasvibira uye rwakasungirirwa pane rezasi redivi.

The saker falcon iri pakati pe 46 ne 58 centimita kureba uye ine mapapiro akareba 104 kusvika 129 masendimita. Mapapiro ayo akareba uye akanongedza, asi akafara kudarika eg B. the peregrine falcon. Mukono wetsindi unorema 700 kusvika 900 magiramu chete, nepo hadzi dzichirema 1000 kusvika 1300 magiramu. Tsoka - dzinonziwo mazino - yero mumhuka dzakura uye yebhuruu mudiki. Saker falcons inogona kuvhiringika nevepwere peregrine falcons asi ine musoro wakareruka.

Imwe yemafalcon makuru akaberekerwa kwatiri ndeye peregrine falcon. Murume anorema 580-720 magiramu, mukadzi kusvika 1090 magiramu. Musana wake une grey. Mutsipa nemusoro zvine ruvara dema-grey. Pahuro pakachenuruka pahuro nepadama chena pane mutsetse mutema wendebvu. Mapapiro acho akareba zvakanyanya. Muswe, kune rumwe rutivi, mupfupi kwazvo.

Mhungu dzinogara kupi?

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzefalcon dzinoparadzirwa pasi rose. Hawks dzekuAmerica dziri kumba muNorth neSouth America yose. Zvisinei, mhuka imwe neimwe inonzi yakatoenda kuEurope. Saker falcons anonyanya kuwanikwa kubva kuEastern Europe kusvika kuchamhembe kweChina neIndia. Vanogona kuwanikwa muTurkey gore rose. Ivo zvakare vanotamira kumatunhu ari kuchamhembe kweBlack Sea kuenda kuUkraine kunobereka. MuCentral Europe, vanogona kuwanikwa chete muAustria Danube masango. Kubva mukupera kwema1990, zvisinei, mapoka mashoma ekuberekesa akaonekwawo muElbe Sandstone Mountains muSaxony.

Globetrotter chaiyo, kune rumwe rutivi, iperegrine falcon: inogona kuwanikwa pamakondinendi ese pasi pano. Falcon inogara munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Hawks dzeAmerica dzinogona kujairana nenzvimbo dzakawanda dzakasiyana: dzinogona kuwanikwa mumapaki pamwe neminda, mumasango, uye kubva mugwenga kuenda kumakomo marefu.

Saker falcons anogara kunyanya musango uye yakaoma steppes uye mu semi-renje. Vanogona kuwanikwa kusvika 1300 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Saker falcons inoda nzvimbo dzakakura dzekuvhima dzine nzvimbo dzakavhurika. Peregrine falcons inodawo nzvimbo dzakavhurika dzakadai semipata yenzizi uye steppes. Vanogarawo pashongwe dzemachechi mumaguta kuti vabereke. Zvakakosha, nzvimbo yekugara imusha weshiri dzakawanda dzinoshanda semhuka yeruko.

Ndeapi marudzi emafalcon aripo?

Kune anosvika makumi matanhatu emhando dzakasiyana dzefalcon pasi rese. Pakati pezvinonyanya kuzivikanwa iperegrine falcon, kestrel, muti falcon, merlin, falcon shoma, red-footed falcon, Lanner falcon, Eleonora's falcon, uye gyrfalcon. Desert falcons neBarbary falcons muNorth Africa ndivo vavhimi vane hunyanzvi. The prairie falcon inogara kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweU.SA uye kuMexico.

Kune marudzi matanhatu akasiyana eiyo saker falcon pachayo. Kune 20 subspecies yekestrels, yakaberekerwa kuAmerica kubva kuAlaska kuchamhembe kusvika kuTierra del Fuego kumaodzanyemba. Aya ma subspecies anogona kuve nemavara akasiyana zvakanyanya.

Kuzvibata

Mhungu dzinorarama sei?

Hawks vekuAmerica vavhimi vane hunyanzvi. Somuenzaniso, dzinofarira kuvandira mumigwagwa nokuda kwemhuka, apo dzinogara pamiti kana mapango. Saker falcons vanovhima vane hasha uye vanobhururuka vanobhururuka. Vanowanzo kukurira mhuka yavo nemheni-kukurumidza kushamisika kurwiswa.

Nemhaka yokuti vavhimi vane hunyanzvi kudaro, nhava dzakapingudzwa dzichiri kuwanzodzidziswa muAsia nhasi kune kunonzi kuvhima kana kuti nyuchi. Unogona kutoisa mhuka masaga kusvika pakukura kwetsuro. Iyo saker falcon inowanzonzi "Saker" nemafalconers.

Nzira yekare yekuvhima yefalconry yakatanga kuitwa nevanhu vanotama-tama mumatepu eAsia uye yakanga yakapararira muChina neJapan kare muna 400 BC. Ainyanya kukosheswa mudare raGenghis Khan. Falconry yakauya kuEurope nemaHuns. Munyika yedu yaimbochengeterwa vakuru.

Falconry inonziwo kuvhima. Izwi rekuti "Beiz" rinobva pa "kuruma". Nokuti mhashu dzinouraya mhuka yadzo neruma mumutsipa. Zvinoda kushivirira kukuru kudzidzisa falcon kuvhima, nekuti shiri dzinodya nyama, kusanganisira saker falcon, dzakaoma kupingudza. Sezvo shiri yacho pakutanga yakagara paruoko rwomuvhimi painovhima, chinhu chokutanga chainofanira kuita kujaira kugara yakadzikama paruoko.

Kuti uite izvi, inofanirwa kutakurwa ichitenderedzwa kwemaawa mashoma zuva rega rega. Mukuwedzera, mafalcon anofanirwa kurasikirwa nekutya imbwa dzinoperekedza kuvhima. Maitiro echisikigo eshiri anoshandiswa panguva yekuvhima falconry: falcon inogona kuona zvakanyanya kure uye kuona mhuka dziri kure.

Kuitira kuti shiri iyi isazorore, inopfeka inonzi hood yefalcon painovhima chero yakagara paruoko rwerukoni. Iyo hood inobviswa chete kana ichifanirwa kurova mhuka. Chinhu chokutanga kuona negora imhuka. Inobhururuka kubva paruoko rwerukoni youraya mhuka. Shiri idzi dzinodzidziswa kuti dzobva dzabata mhuka dzadzo dzogara nayo kusvikira vavhimi nembwa vauya.

Kuti ikwanise kuwana falcon zviri nani, inopfeka mabhero patsoka dzayo. Kana falcon ikapotsa mhuka yayo, inodzokera kune falconer. Neiyi nzira yekuvhima, vanhu neshiri vanobatsirwa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe: vanhu vanogona kuvhima mhuka dzingave dzakaoma kuuraya, uye falcon inowana chikafu kubva kuvanhu.

Madzimai anonyanya kushandiswa pakuvhima nekuti akati kurei uye akasimba kudarika varume. Ne saker falcons uye dzimwe falcon, pheasants, partridges, njiva, gulls, madhadha, geese, herons, magpies uye makunguwo anonyanya kuvhimwa.

Kuve falconer ibasa chairo, uye kana iwe uchida kuvhima nemafalcon, unofanirwa kuita kudzidziswa kwakakosha: haungoda rezinesi rekuvhima chete, asiwo rezinesi rekuvhima falconry. Sezvineiwo: nhasi kuvhima rukoni anoshandiswa eg B. anoshandiswawo panhandare dzendege kudzinga shiri dzinogona kuva nengozi kundege dzinotanga kana dzikapinda mumainjini adzo.

Shamwari nevavengi veruko

Nemhaka yokuti inyanzvi dzokubhururuka uye dzakasimba zvikuru, mhashu dzine vavengi vashoma. Kazhinji, mazai kana mhuka duku dzinogona kubatwa nemakororo edendere semakunguo - asi kazhinji anochengetwa zvakanaka nevabereki. Dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kuti, kunyangwe zvichirambidzwa zvachose, vanhu vanoba pwere diki kubva mumatendere kuti dzidzidzise kuvhima.