Mary Allen
Zvikwekwe zvinotapurira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Isu tinopa maviri azvo mune zvakadzama pano kuitira kuti iwe ugone kudzidzisa varidzi vembwa nenzira yakanakisa.
Babesiosis nehepatozoonosis zvirwere zvinotapukira, asi hazvitapurirwe neumhutu asi nezvikwekwe. Ose ari maviri anokonzerwa neprotozoa (sero-sero organisms) uye, senge leishmaniasis uye filariasis, ndeezvinonzi "chirwere chekufamba kana Mediterranean". Nekudaro, babesiosis uye pamwe zvakare hepatozoonosis yatove muGermany (inoitika mune dzimwe nzvimbo). Zvimwe zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa nezvikwekwe zvinoti Ehrlichiosis, Anaplasmosis, Rickettsiosis, neLyme disease.
babesiosis
Canine babesiosis chirwere chinotapukira chine marudzi akasiyana siyana uye chinogona kuuraya. Mamwe mazita anoti piroplasmosis uye “canine malaria”. Haisi imwe yezoonoses.
Pathogen uye Kupararira
Babesiosis inokonzerwa ne unicellular parasites (protozoa) yerudzi rweBabesia. Zvinotapurirwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvikwekwe (pamusoro pe alluvial forest tick nebrown dog tick) uye zvinongorwisa erythrocytes (masero matsvuku eropa) emhuka dzinoyamwisa, ndosaka dzichinziwo haemoprotozoa. Ivo vakanyanya kutambira-chaiyo kune avo vese chikwekwe vector uye avo mammalian host. MuEurope, Babesia canis (Hungarian neFrench strains) uye Babesia vogeli kutamba basa rakakosha, ne Babesia canis kazhinji kutungamirira kuzvirwere zvakakomba (kunyanya Hungarian strain), nepo Babesia vogeli utachiona kazhinji hunyoro.
chirwere
Zvikwekwe zvechikadzi ndizvo zvinonyanya kukonzeresa kutapurirana kweBabesia, basa rezvikwekwe zvechirume muhutachiona harisati rajekeswa. Zvikwekwe zvinoshanda zvese sevheji uye sedhiri. Babesia vanomwirwa nechikwekwe pakuyamwa. Ivo vanopinda mu intestinal epithelium voenda kunhengo dzakasiyana siyana senge ma ovary nema salivary glands echikwekwe, kwavanowanda. Nekuda kwekukwanisa kutapurirana kwekutapurirana kumwana, nhanho dzemakonye ezvikwekwe zvinogona zvakare kutapukirwa nehutachiona.
Zvikwekwe zvechikadzi zvinofanirwa kuyamwa kune muridzi wemaawa angangoita makumi maviri nemana nguva isati yatanga hutachiona hwepathogen (inodaidzwa kuti sporozoites ) mumate echikwekwe aripo kuti aendeswe kumbwa. Kutapurirwa kweBabesia kunowanzoitika maawa makumi mana nemasere kusvika makumi manomwe nemaviri mushure mekurumwa kwekwekwe. Vanongorwisa chete erythrocytes, kwavanoparadzanisa uye vanoparadzanisa mune izvo zvinonzi merozoites. Izvi zvinokonzera kufa kwesero. Iyo incubation nguva ndeye mazuva mashanu kusvika kumavhiki mana, iyo prepotency vhiki imwe. Kana mhuka ikararama nechirwere ichi pasina kurapwa, inovandudza utachiona hwehupenyu hwese asi inogona kurasa utachiona hwehupenyu hwese.
Kutapurirana kuchiri kuitika sechikamu chezviitiko zvinoruma uye kuwedzerwa ropa. Kutapurirana kwakatwasuka kubva kuhure kuenda kuhumbwa dzavo kwakaratidzwawo kune rudzi rweBabesia.
zviratidzo
Babesiosis inogona kutora nzira dzakasiyana.
Acute kana peracute (zvakawanda ne Babesia canis chirwere ): Mhuka inoratidzwa sechimbichimbi uye inoratidza:
- kupisa kwakanyanya (kusvika ku42 ° C)
- Yakanyanya kukanganiswa mamiriro ezvinhu (kushaya kudya, kushaya simba, kusafarira)
- Tsika yekubuda ropa ganda uye mucous membranes neanemia, reticulocytosis, uye kubuda kwebilirubin uye hemoglobin muweti (brown coloration!)
- Yellow ye mucous membranes uye sclera (icterus)
- Thrombocytopenia yakaparadzira intravascular coagulation
- kukurumidza kufema
- Kuzvimba kwemucous membranes (kubuda mumhino, stomatitis, gastritis, hemorrhagic enteritis)
- Kuzvimba tsandanyama (myositis) nekusafamba zvakanaka
- Kuwedzera kwepleen uye chiropa neabdominal dropsy (ascites) uye edema kugadzirwa.
- epileptiform pfari
- chakakomba itsvo kutadza
Kana ikasiiwa isina kurapwa, iyo acute fomu inenge inogara ichitungamira kurufu mukati memazuva mashoma.
Chronic :
- kuchinja kukwira kwekushisa kwemuviri
- anemia
- kupera simba
- kusava nehanya
- kushaya simba
Subclinical :
- light fever
- anemia
- kusava nehanya kwepakati
kuongorora chirwere
Rudzi rwekuongororwa kunoenderana nekufamba kwechirwere.
Chirwere chechirwere kana hutachiona pasi pemavhiki maviri apfuura: kuona zvakananga kwepathogen na:
- Kuongororwa ropa kusingaonekwi kweBabesia-infested erythrocytes: Kuongororwa kweropa rakatetepa (Giemsa stain kana Diff-Quick) kubva kuperipheral capillary blood (auricle kana tail tip) ndiko kwakanyatsokodzera, sezvo izvi kazhinji zvine nhamba yepamusoro yemasero ane utachiona hwepathogen.
- Neimwe nzira (kunyanya kana mugumisiro weropa smear usingatauriki) kubva pazuva rechishanu mushure mekutapukirwa, PCR kubva kuEDTA ropa nemukana wekusiyanisa pathogen, iyo inogona kuva yakakosha pakurapa uye kufungidzira.
Chirwere chisingaperi kana hutachiona kupfuura mavhiki maviri apfuura :
Serological test yemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere anorwisa Babesia (IFAT, ELISA), kunze kwekunge iri yemhuka yakabaiwa.
- Babesia canis (France strain): kazhinji yakaderera kugadzirwa kweantibody
- Babesia canis (Hungary strain): kazhinji kuumbwa kwepamusoro kwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere
- Babesia vogeli: kazhinji kugadzirwa kwakaderera kwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere
Zvirwere zvinotevera kunyanya zvinofanirwa kutariswa mune differential diagnostic:
- Immunohemolytic anemia (chepfu, ine chekuita nezvinodhaka, kana autoimmune)
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- anaplasmosis
- ehrlichiosis
- mycoplasmosis
therapy
Therapy ine chinangwa chekubvisa pathogen, kunyangwe izvi zvichideredza nguva yekudzivirira kusvika kune rimwe kusvika makore maviri. Kana chirwere chechirwere chikaendeswa kune chisingaperi pasina zviratidzo zvechipatara, kune hutachiona hwehupenyu hwose uye mhuka kazhinji haicharwari asi inoshanda semutakuri. Izvi zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya, kunyanya nezve Hungarian strain ye Babesia canis, sezvo alluvial musango chikwekwe inokandira mazai 3,000 kusvika 5,000 pashure kudya ropa, izvo vanenge 10% vanotapukirwa neBabesia kuburikidza transovarial kutapurirana, uye panguva imwe chete kufa mune imwe New utachiona nerudzi urwu Babesia kunosvika 80%.
Hepatozoonosis
Hepatozoonosis zvakare chirwere chinotapukira chinotapukira mumbwa. Zita racho rinotsausa nokuti chirwere hachisi zoonosis uye naizvozvo hachiiti ngozi kuvanhu.
Pathogen uye Kupararira
Iyo causative agent yehepatozoonosis ndeye Hepatozoon canis, unicellular parasite kubva kuboka recoccidia. Saka zvakare ndeye protozoa. Hepatozoon canis pakutanga inobva kuAfrica uye yakaunzwa kumaodzanyemba kweEurope kubva ikoko. Munharaunda yeMediterranean, kusvika ku50% yembwa dzose dzisina kusununguka dzinoonekwa seine utachiona. Asi kwete imbwa chete imbwa inotakura pathogen, asi makava nekatsi zvakare vatakuri. Parizvino, hepatozoonosis yakaverengerwa pakati pezvirwere zvekufamba. Muna 2008, zvisinei, yakawanikwa mumbwa mbiri muTaunus yakanga isati yambobva kuGermany. Pamusoro pezvo, sechikamu cheongororo pamakava muThuringia, chikamu chepamusoro chehuwandu hwemakava chakava seropositive ye. Hepatozoon yakakwikwidza. Chikwekwe chembwa yebrown ndiyo inotakura zvikuru. Iyo hedgehog tick inopihwawo basa mukutapurirana (kunyanya mumakava), asi iyo chaiyo yekufambisa nzira haisati yazivikanwa pano.
chirwere
Semutakuri weHepatozoon canis, chikwekwe chebhurawuni chinogona kurarama gore rose mudzimba, mudzimba dzinopisa, nezvimwewo. Inoshingairira kufamba ichienda kune yainotambira uye inopfuura nemukukura kwese kwezai-larva-nymph-yakura chikwekwe mumwedzi mitatu chete.
Kubatwa ne Hepatozoon canis hazviitike kuburikidza nekurumwa asi kuburikidza nekumedza nemuromo (kumedza kana kurumwa) kwechikwekwe. Utachiona hunofamba nemumadziro embwa uye hunotanga kutapukira monocytes, neutrophilic granulocytes, uye lymphocytes, ipapo chiropa, spleen, mapapu, tsandanyama, uye mwongo. Kubudirira uku, kunotora mazuva angangoita 80, kunosanganisira matanho akati wandei mukwekwe uye mumbwa uye kunopera nekuumbwa kwezvinonzi. intraleucocytic gamonts. Izvi zvinobva zvapinzwa nechikwekwe panguva yekuyamwa. Kubereka uye kukura kunoenderana nekuchinja kwemwaka. Kusiyana nebesiosis, transovarial transovarial yepathogen mukiki haigone kuratidzwa. Urefu hwenguva yekunyungudika hauzivikanwi.
zviratidzo
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, hutachiona hahuna kliniki kana zviratidzo, asi muzviitiko zvega, hunogona kuperekedzwa nezviratidzo zvakakomba, kunyanya muzvirwere zvakasanganiswa, semuenzaniso B. neLeishmania, Babesia, kana Ehrlichia.
Acute :
- chimhepo
- Kuvhiringidzika general mamiriro (kushaya chido, kushaya simba, kusafarira)
- lymph node kuzvimba
- kuonda
- ziso uye kubuda kwemhino
- Diarrhea
- anemia
Chronic :
- anemia
- thrombocytopenia
- kupera simba
- Kuzvimba kwetsandanyama nekunetseka kwekufamba (stiff gait)
- Central nervous phenomena ane pfari-kufanana nekubatwa
Kuumbwa kukuru kwe γ -globulins uye yakakura immune complexes inogona kutungamirira kuchiropa uye itsvo kukundikana.
kuongorora chirwere
Kuonekwa kwe utachiona inoitika zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga mune acute uye asingaperi zviitiko zvechirwere.
Direct kuona pathogen :
Ropa smear (Giemsa stain, buffy coat smear): Kuonekwa kwema gamonts semitumbi yakaita secapsule mumasero machena eropa.
PCR kubva kuEDTA ropa
Kuonekwa kwepathogen isina kunanga: kutsunga kweiyo antibody titer (IFAT)
Mukusiyanisa kuongororwa, anaplasmosis, Ehrlichiosis, uye immunopathy kunyanya inofanira kutorwa.
therapy
Ikozvino hapana kurapa kwakachengeteka kubvisa hutachiona. Kurapa kunonyanya kubatsira kuderedza nzira yechirwere.
prophylaxis
Ikozvino hapana yakavimbika chemo- kana vaccination prophylaxis. Varidzi vembwa vanofanira kupihwa mazano pamusoro pemishonga inodzinga zvikwekwe. Zvisinei, kudzivirira kubudirira kwakaoma nekuda kwekupinzwa kwepathogen nekumedza kana kuruma chikwekwe. Imbwa dzinosangana zvakananga nemhuka dzichivhima kana kuti dzinotora mhuka dzakafa (dzemusango) dzine zvikwekwe dzinofanirwa kutorwa sedziri panjodzi.
Kudzivirirwa nekudzivirira kubva kune zvikwekwe
Nzira mbiri dzinoshandiswa kudzivirira zvikwekwe:
- Dziviriro kubva kune zvikwekwe (repellent effect) kuitira kuti irege kubatika kune muenzi
- Kuuraya zvikwekwe (acaricidal effect) pamberi kana mushure mekunamatira kune muenzi
Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nenzira dzakasiyana:
- gadziriro yeparutivi
- mwaya
- makorari
- mahwendefa anogona kutsengwa
- gadziriro yeparutivi
Izvi zvinoshandiswa zvakananga kune ganda pamutsipa wembwa kana jasi rakaparadzaniswa, uye zvakare munzvimbo ye caudal yekumusana mumbwa huru. Mhuka haifaniri kukwanisa kunanzva kubva pane inoshanda. Izvi zvinopararira kubva pamapfundo akataurwa pamusoro pemuviri wese. Imbwa haifaniri kubatwa munzvimbo idzi kwemaawa masere ekutanga (saka inokurudzirwa kushandiswa manheru asati aenda kunorara) uye kana zvichibvira usanyorova mumazuva maviri okutanga (kugeza, kushambira, kunaya). Nguva yekuita i. dR mavhiki matatu kusvika mana.
Mushonga unoshanda urimo ungave permetrin, permetrin derivative, kana fipronil. Permethrin uye zvinobva mairi zvine acaricidal uye repellent effect, fipronil chete acaricidal. Zvinokosha: Permethrin uye pyrethroids zvine muchetura kune katsi, saka hapana mamiriro ezvinhu gadziriro idzi dzinofanirwa kushandiswa pamakati. Kana imbwa nekatsi dzichigara mumhuri imwe chete, kutarisirwa kunofanira kutorwa kuve nechokwadi kuti kati haina kusangana nembwa inobatwa nepermethrin / pyrethroid kusvikira chinhu chinoshanda chave chanyatsopinda. Permethrin uye fipronil zvakare zvine chepfu kune mhuka dzemumvura uye invertebrates.
mwaya
Sprays inopfapfaidzwa muviri wese uye ine mhedzisiro yakafanana pakuona-pakugadzirira, asi yakanyanya kuoma kushandisa. Kune dzimba dzine vana kana katsi uye zvichienderana nechinhu chinoshanda, ivo havana kukodzera. Naizvozvo ivo havana kuverengerwa mutafura iri pazasi.
makorari
Makora anofanirwa kupfekwa nembwa nguva dzese. Vanobudisa chinhu chavo chinoshanda mumvere dzembwa kwemwedzi mishomanana. Kubata kwakasimba kwevanhu necollar kunofanira kudziviswa. Chisina kunaka ndechekuti imbwa ine chikwekwe collar inogona kubatwa mumakwenzi. Nokudaro, imbwa dzokuvhima dzinofanira kusapfeka kora yakadaro. Iyo collar inofanira kubviswa pakugeza uye kushambira, uye imbwa haifaniri kubvumirwa mumvura kwemazuva mashanu mushure mokuipfeka kwekutanga.
mahwendefa anogona kutsengwa
Mahwendefa anobvumira kusangana kwakananga nemhuka, pamwe nekugeza uye kushambira pakarepo mushure mekushandisa. Hutungamiriri kazhinji husina dambudziko. Zvisineyi, chikwekwe chinotanga chazvisungirira kumuridzi uye chinotora chinhu chinoshanda panguva yekudya kweropa kuti chiurawe mushure memaawa angangoita gumi nemaviri. Saka hapana mhedzisiro yekudzinga.
Mhedziso yegadziriro yenzvimbo, mahwendefa anotsenga, uye makora ari pamusika anogona kuwanikwa pazasi patafura inodhaunirodha.
Zvikwekwe zvinodzivirira zvikwekwe zvinofanirwa kushandiswa mumwaka wese wezvikwekwe kana gore munzvimbo dzine njodzi yakawedzera yezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nezvikwekwe. Muchidimbu, inofanirwa kushandiswa chete mumhuka dzine hutano. Mamwe magadzirirwo akakodzerawo kushandiswa mune ane nhumbu uye anoyamwisa mahure nemapupi. Kana uine zvirwere zveganda kana kukuvara kweganda, unofanira kudzivisa kushandisa nzvimbo-pakugadzirira.
Mukuwedzera, mushure mekufamba kwega kwega, kunyatsoongorora jasi uye pakarepo kubviswa kwakakwana kwemakiti ose akawanikwa anokosha. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa netiki tweezer, kadhi, kana chishandiso chakafanana.
Muzviitiko zvemunhu mumwe nemumwe, varidzi vembwa vanotaura zviitiko zvakanaka nekunze kana mukati mekushandiswa kwekokonati mafuta, nhema kumini mafuta, cistus (Cistus incanus), mbiriso yedoro, gariki, kana kumwaya nemusanganiswa wemafuta akakosha. Nekudaro, mhedzisiro haigone kuverengerwa kune aya matanho, zvishoma senge amber mitsipa kana zvine simba ruzivo collar pendants. Uyezve, mamwe mafuta anokosha anogumbura uye garlic inogona kuita chepfu.
Behavioral prophylaxis
Anozivikanwa chikwekwe biotopes anofanirwa kudziviswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Imbwa hadzifanirwe kutorwa panzendo dzekuenda kunzvimbo dzine njodzi panguva dzenjodzi.
Inowanzobvunzwa Mubvunzo
Imbwa dzine hepatozoonosis dzinosvika makore mangani?
Hupenyu hunotarisirwa muhepatozoonosis
Izvo zvinoenderana nekugona kudzivirira kweimbwa ine hutachiona, zera, comorbidities, uye nekukurumidza kurapa kwakatangwa. Kana chirwere chacho chikazivikanwa nokukurumidza uye kurapwa kunotanga pakarepo, mikana yekudzorera yakanaka.
Babesiosis inotapuriranwa sei?
kutapurirwa kwe babesiosis
Babesiosis inokonzerwa neprotozoa inoparadzirwa nekurumwa nezvikwekwe. Chikwekwe chinofanirwa kuyamwa kwemaawa angangoita gumi nemaviri kuti utachiona hubudirire.
Ko babesiosis inotapukira kubva imbwa kuenda kumbwa?
Kashoma kwazvo, inogona zvakare kutapurirwa kubva kumbwa kuenda kumbwa kuburikidza nekurumwa kana mudumbu rembwa. Imwe bviro yokutapurwa kwaizova kuisirwa ropa neropa rine utachiona. Zvakanaka kuziva: Utachiona hunokonzera babesiosis mumbwa haugone kutapurirwa kuvanhu.
Ko babesiosis inogona kutapurirwa kuvanhu here?
Babesiosis inonzi zoonosis - chirwere chemhuka chinogona kutapurirwa kuvanhu. Mateki anoshanda seanotambira epakati anogona kutapurira babesiosis kuvanhu. Chirwere chacho hachiwanzoitiki muGermany.
Hepatozonosis inotapukira here?
Shamwari dzine makumbo mana hadzigoni kutapurira vanhu kana dzimwe mhuka zvakananga nehepatozoonosis.
Chii chinoitika kana imbwa ikadya chikwekwe?
Kana imbwa dzichidya chikwekwe, dzinogona, muzviitiko zvisingawanzo, kutapurira chirwere cheLyme, hepatozoonosis, uye anaplasmosis. Kutapukirwa nebesiosis, Ehrlichiosis, uye encephalitis inotakura zvikwekwe zvinogoneka zvakare. Mashoko akanaka? Kudya chikwekwe hakuna njodzi pane kurumwa nechikwekwe.
Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti zvikwekwe zvitapure zvirwere kumbwa?
Zvikwekwe chete zvinogona kutapurira Borrelia kumbwa, kutapukirwa neimwe imbwa hazvigoneke. Pakutanga mushure memaawa gumi nematanhatu, kazhinji mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana chete, Borrelia inopfuudzwa kubva pachikwekwe kuenda kumbwa.
Chirwere cheLyme chinokanganisa sei imbwa?
Imbwa inorwara nechirwere cheLyme ingaratidza zviratidzo zvinotevera: Fivha shoma uye kupera simba. lymph node kuzvimba. Kuzvimba kwemajoini nekuremara nekuda kwekuzvimba kwemajoini (arthropathies).