Mary Allen
Imbwa dzinokurumidza kutaridzika kwechiso kupfuura mhumhi - izvi zvave zvichiratidzwa neanatomically. Vanhu vanoda mhuka dzine chiso chinokurumidza sedzadzo.
Imbwa dziri kunyorova, imbwa dziri kubvuta zvinonaka, imbwa dziri kubwaira dzakatarisa kamera dziri pasi pemvura, kana kuti mifananidzo yemhando yembwa imwe neimwe: makarenda nemabhuku ane mifananidzo anoratidza chiso che“shamwari yepamwoyo” yemakumbo mana mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana akavimbika. kutengesa kubudirira. Seri kwekunakidzwa kwevanhu nezviso zvembwa zvichida kutaurirana kwakasiyana pakati pemarudzi maviri aya. Chokwadi chekuti vanhu nembwa vanowanzo tarisana kumeso uye kutaurirana vachishandisa zviso zvechiso chinosiyanisa hukama hwavo kubva pakati pevanhu nedzimwe mhuka dzinovaraidza.
Nimble fibers inotungamira
Kukosha kwechimiro chechiso che canine uye kubuda kwavo panguva yekugara panguva iyi yanga iri nyaya yezvidzidzo zvakasiyana. Anne Burrows naKailey Olmstead vanobva kuDuquesne University muPennsylvania vava kuwedzera chidimbu chitsva papuzzle. Biologist uye anthropologist Burrows uye physiologist yemhuka Omstead akaenzanisa chikamu cheanononoka ("anononoka-kurova", Type I) uye nekukurumidza ("fast-twitch", Type II) tsandanyama fiber mumasuru maviri echiso chembwa, mhumhi, uye vanhu. Immunohistochemical analysis of samples kubva ku orbicularis oris muscle uye zygomaticus huru tsandanyama - miviri miviri yemuromo - yakaratidza kuti kukurumidza "kukurumidza-twitch" fiber mumisungo mumbwa inotora 66 kusvika 95 muzana, nepo chikamu mumadzitateguru avo, mapere, akangosvika paavhareji ye25 muzana.
Kuumbwa kwemhasuru dzefiber pachiso chembwa nokudaro kwakafanana nemaumbirwo emhasuru dzechiso chemunhu. Burrows naOlmstead vanogumisa kuti panguva yekuita mudzimba, vanhu nekuziva kana kusaziva vaisarudza vanhu vane zviso zvinokurumidza.
Anatomy ye "dog look"
Nekudaro, madzitateguru emhumhi anga atove nezvimwe zvinodikanwa zvechimiro chechiso chisina kunaka icho dzimwe mhuka dzisina - izvi zvakaratidzwa nechikwata chinotungamirwa naBurrows muna 2020 mune nyanzvi magazini "The Anatomical Record". Kusiyana nekatsi, imbwa, uye mhumhi, saka, dzine dhizaini yakanyatsozivikanwa yekubatanidza tishu pakati pemhasuru dzechiso neganda. Vanhu zvakare vane fiber layer, inozivikanwa seSMAS (superficial musculoaponeurotic system). Pamusoro pemisikirwo chaiyo yemamhasuru, inoonekwa sechinhu chakakosha pakufamba kwechiso chemunhu uye inokwanisawo kubatsira mukutevedzera kushanduka kwembwa.
Chinyorwa mu Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, umo boka rakatenderedza Burrows rakatsanangura muna 2019 kuti imbwa dzine mhasuru dzakasimba dzekusimudza chikamu chepakati cheziso kupfuura mhumhi, yakaburitsa zvakanyanya media media. Izvi zvinogadzira iyo yakajairika "kutarisa imbwa" iyo inokonzeresa maitiro ane hanya muvanhu.
Inowanzobvunzwa Mubvunzo
Kutaridzika kwembwa kunorevei?
Nyanzvi dzezvekushanduka-shanduka dzinotaura nezve kudzvanywa kwesarudzo kwakagadzira chimiro chembwa: Vanhu vangangochengeta imbwa dzine chitarisiko chinobaya moyo kakawanda uye zvakanyanya, saka dzaidiwa. Uye saka mhasuru yetsiye yakabatwa semubairo wekupona.
Imbwa inotarisa inobva kupi?
Vatsvakurudzi vanofungidzira kuti idzi dzakakura kuita imbwa dzepamusha panguva yekupingudzwa kwemapere. Chitarisiko chembwa chinoita kuti mhuka dziite sedzemwana. Zvakare, iwo akafanana nemunhu akasuruvara, izvo zvinoparira ziviso yekudzivirira muvanhu.
Sei imbwa dzine tsiye?
Tsiye inzira yakakosha yekutaurirana uye imbwa dzakaisa mukati izvo. Isu, vanhu, tinotaurirana nembwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nechitarisiko. Kana imbwa iri kurasikirwa, inotarisa munhu muziso, pamusoro peziso kuti inyatsojeka.
Imbwa inoona sei?
Imbwa dzinoona mavara mublue-violet uye yellow-green ranges. Saka vanoshaya maonero emucheka mutsvuku wemavara - kuenzaniswa nemunhu mutsvuku-ruvara-bofu. Hove zhinji neshiri, asiwo dzimwe mhuka, dzine marudzi mana emakoni, naizvozvo dzinoona mavara akawanda kutipfuura!
Imbwa ine pfungwa yenguva here?
Chinhu chakakosha chinopa imbwa hurongwa hwekunzwa kwavo nguva ndeye biorhythm yavo. Kufanana nemhuka zhinji dzinoyamwisa, imbwa dzinorarama zvinoenderana necircadian rhythm: miviri yadzo inodziudza padzinogona kushanda uye padzinoda kuzorora kweanenge maawa makumi maviri nemana.
Sei imbwa yangu ichitaridzika kusuruvara?
Dzimwe imbwa dzinoratidza maitiro anoratidza kuti dziri kunzwa kushungurudzika kana mudiwa akafa kana kuti asisipo. Imbwa dzinogamuchira zvikuru mutauro wemuviri wemunhu uye manzwiro uye dzinogona kumbundira kusuruvara kwedu mushure mekurasikirwa nemumwe munhu akakosha.
Imbwa inogona kuchema zvakanaka here?
Imbwa hadzigoni kuchema nekusuwa kana mufaro. Asi vanogonawo kuchema. Imbwa, sevanhu, dzine maburi emisodzi anoita kuti ziso rirambe rakanyorova. Mvura yakawandisa inotakurwa nemumikoto ichipinda mumhuno.
Imbwa inogona kuseka here?
Kana imbwa dzichiratidza mazino, vanhu vazhinji vachiri kufunga kuti ichi chinogara chiri chiratidzo chekutyisidzira. Asi izvo vazhinji vane imbwa vave vachitenda kwenguva refu zvino zvakare zvinosimbiswa nekutsvakurudza: imbwa dzinogona kuseka.