Kurukurai Hove MuAquarium: Zano Pakudzichengeta

Wafer-yakaonda, asi ine mavara anoshamisa, hove dzediscus dzinouya uye dziri kukunda zvakanyanya uye nemoyo yevaridzi vadzo munyika ino. Ihove dzinonyanya kushamisa nekuda kwechimiro chadzo chakatetepa, asi zvakatonyanya nekuda kwekusiyana kwemavara ematoni, mapatani, ma nuances anoshamisa uye maratidziro akajeka. Iwo chaiwo anobata maziso mudziva rega rega, asi hazvisi nyore kutarisira. Hove zhinji dzediscus dzinobva kuchizvarwa chekutanga uye dzinenge dzakawanda kana kushoma dzakabatwa. Kuti uwane nzvimbo - kana kuti pane fin - mu aquaristics, chido chekuchengeta hove idzi chakaita mupiro wakakura mukusimudzirwa kwe aquarium filters, nzira dzekuchenesa mvura uye kugadzirwa kwehove yekudya. Zvichakadaro, vana vakabudirira vakarerwa zvakabudirira munzvimbo dzakawanda, vamwe vaine mazita ekufungidzira akadai saMarlboro Red, Tangerine Dream kana Pigeon Ropa. Kutenda kune vakadaro vane ruzivo rwemvura, kune chokwadi chinonakidza pamusoro pekuchengeta hove dzediscus izvo vakawanda vanoda hove vasati vambonzwa nezvazvo. Kutarisa hupenyu uye basa rehove dze discus nguva dzose yakakosha.

Discus hove mumufananidzo

Chiitiko chechisikigo chehove ye discus inogona kuiswa zvakajeka kuAmazon. Hove idzi dzinoonekwa kubva kuPeru kuenda kuBrazilian Amazon Delta, uko rwizi rwunosangana neAtlantic. Uye zvakare kuvhimwa, nenzira. Iwo masosi akakosha eprotein kune zvizvarwa zveAmazonia, asi pamusoro pezvese kukosha kwakakosha kwemari kune vamwe vagari, sezvo vachigona kutengeswa seyekunze zvinhu kunze kwenyika kune aquaristics.

Nekuda kwenharaunda yeAmazon yakashongedzwa, hove dzediscus dzinoonekwa mune mamwe mavara akasiyana uye subspecies munzvimbo dzakawanda. Mwaka wakaoma uye wekunaya kwemvura unokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze ekunze anogara achikonzera madziva ezvitsuwa-akaita sezvitsuwa umo vanhu vanokura vakazvimiririra kubva kune mamwe maitiro. Saka hove dzaive uye dzinotsanangurwa uye dzakaiswa zvakasiyana.

NHOROONDO – Taura hove

Hove dzediscus nemhando dzayo dzinogara dzichinetsana. Kumwe kucherechedzwa hakuna chokwadi, zvimwe hazvigone kusiyaniswa neruzivo rwakakwana rwesainzi. Semuenzaniso, kukwidziridzwa kwemafin rays, vertebrae uye chiyero nhamba hazvigone kunyatsosiyaniswa. Zvisinei, mamwe maitiro anoshanda kumarudzi ose anozivikanwa. Pakazara, hove ye discus inogona kutsanangurwa seizvi:

systematics

• Zita resainzi: Symphysodon
• Mhuri: Cichlids (Cichlinae)
• Genus: hove dzemvura yakachena
• Mabviro: Amazon rwizi system munzvimbo dzinopisa dzeSouth America

Tarira

• yakatetepa zvakanyanya, yakakwirira-backed body
• zvimbi zvipfupi, zvakatenderedzwa musana uye netsvina
• transparent pectoral fins
• zvimbi zvakapinza
• hurefu hurefu hune mhino pfupi, muromo mudiki uye perch-yakajairika miromo
• Mitsetse yakatwasuka inopenya zvakanyanya pamusoro pemaziso, mimwe mitsetse yakachinjika inopararira pamusoro pemuviri
• Yakaderedzwa dentition ye pharyngeal bone, mazino-akanongedza pane symphysis
• Saizi yemuviri: 12-16 cm musango, kusvika 20 cm mu aquarium

Ecology

• tembiricha yemvura inopisa (29 - 34 °C)
• acidic pH kukosha (4 - 6.5)
• mvura yakapfava
• mvura yakachena zvakanyanya, isina zvicherwa zvakanyungudutswa uye organic components
• Mabhanga ane materu uye mapani ane mvura yakadzika inosvika 1.5 m

udyo

• zooplankton
• zvipembenene zvipembenene
• bristleworms
• shrimp duku yemvura yakachena
• marara echirimwa akaora

Nzira yehupenyu

• Hove dzeDiscus dzinogara mumapoka evanhu (zvikoro) uye dzinoita vaviri vaviri
• Kukura kwepabonde: kubva ku7 - 12 mwedzi
• Kuita zvepabonde: Mumukadzi, oviduct inobuda panguva yekupfimbana
• Kusangana kunoitika nechikafu chakakwana nemvura yakachena shrimp
• Mazai: anosvika mazana matatu mazai, kubva magonye anochochonya mushure memazuva maviri nemazana mashanu uye oita masumbu panzvimbo yekuberekesa kusvika akwanisa kushambira akasununguka mushure memamwe mazuva mana.
• Vabereki vose vari vaviri vanotarisira vana; Chinhu chakakosha: chikafu chegonye, ​​pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, pamasero eganda epamusoro evabereki (kusvika mavhiki mana)
• avhareji yekurarama hupenyu: anenge makore mashanu

Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa subspecies

Mafungiro anosiyana zvakanyanya pamhando dzesubspecies. Kazhinji chete 3 kune 5 discus subspecies inotsanangurwa nesainzi. Saizvozvo:

• Symphsysodon discus (zvakare iyo chaiyo discus) ine wavy mitsetse uye yakafara, yakasviba bhandi kuseri kwehafu yemuviri uye paziso.
• Symphsysodon aequifasciatus ine nhamba yakakwirira yezvikero uye 7 kusvika ku9 mitsetse yakareba yakaenzana yakaenzana, iyo yekupedzisira panheyo ye caudal fin.
• Symphsysodon tarzoo greenish-bluish muruvara ine mavara matsvuku pamativi emuviri uye pamhuno
• Symphsysodon haraldi uye Symphsysodon sp. 2 inokwezva kutarisisa kushoma uye inongotsanangurwa zvisina kunaka.

Mukuwedzera kune idzi mafomu emusango, kune zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana mukuberekesa kweaquarist. Pano, sekutonga, chete ruvara uye maitiro mafomu anosiyaniswa. Zvisinei, mazita acho anenge akasiyana-siyana, uye anoyeuchidza mazano ekutengesa kupfuura sainzi chaiyo.

Pidgeon Nyoka, German Wonders, Blue Diamonds uye White Leopards vari mukirasi yavo pachavo. Kunyangwe iwo ese ari hove dzediscus, kukosha kwemusika kunoratidzika kunge kwakanangana neruvara uye pateni.

Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi, mafomu akarimwa anounza pfungwa yakakura. Uye saka hove dzediscus dzakawanda dzechinyakare kupfuura chishamiso chepasi pemvura.

Discus hove mu aquarium

Kure kure neAmazon, kune zvakanyanya kudiwa kune aquaristics kuitira kuchengetedza discus hove semhando-yakakodzera sezvinobvira. Izvo hazvina basa kuti vanotaridzika seye red patterned labyrinth kana turquoise exotics: hutano hwavo husina kusimba uye zvinoenderana nezvakawanda zvinhu. Izvi zvinobva pane zvakatipoteredza uye zvinofanirwa kunyatsodzorwa uye kudzorwa. Neiyi nzira chete iyo aquarium ine discus hove inogona kubudirira uye inokwezva vese vanoona.

Iyo chaiyo aquarium yediscus hove

Sezvo mhuka dzichigara mumapoka, zvinodaidzwa kuti zvikoro, dzinofanirwawo kuchengetwa mu aquarium ine kanenge 4 kusvika ku5 specimens. Saizvozvowo, nzvimbo inosvika mazana matatu emarita (inenge 300 - 50 marita pahove) inodiwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, saizi yetangi, iyo aquarium base kabhineti uye zvishandiso hazvifungidzike. Tisingatauri uremu - saka nguva dzose zvakakosha kutarisa statics usati waisa discus cymbal muimba!

Ikozvino vakadzi vanongoburitsa bonde ravo panguva yekudanana uye saka havagone kusiyaniswa kubva kuvarume munguva yakanaka. Vechidiki naizvozvo vanofanira kugara vachifungwa. Kuchengeta vaviri vevarume vaviri hakuna musoro uye hazvigoneke kurudzi urwu rwehove, kuvachengeta vari voga inyaya yekusaenda zvachose uye kuedza kushamwaridzana kazhinji kunotadza kuita iyi imwe nzira.
Zvese izvi zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa pakusarudza iyo chaiyo aquarium. Zviri nani kupa zvishoma nzvimbo pane kuisa njodzi turf hondo nevana vari mudziva.

Zvikasadaro, hove dzediscus dzinonzi dzine runyararo, dzakadzikama dzinoshambira uye dzakatwasuka. Mune mamwe mazwi, ivo vanoda zvishoma 50 cm kudzika, zvichida zvakanyanya.

Kana ari mamwe aquariums, chete nzvimbo yakadzivirirwa yakakodzera senzvimbo, kwete zvakananga pedyo hita, kwete muzuva rakananga kana kuratidzwa draughts, uye kana zvichibvira pasina perceptible pasi vibrations. Kana zvese izvi zvave panzvimbo, iyo aquarium inogona kumisikidzwa uye kumisikidzwa.

Zvishandiso uye kugadzira

Ehe, dziva rakakura kudaro rinoda kugadzirwa uye kutarisirwa. Sezvambotaurwa, discus inoungana muzvikoro uye vaviri vaviri, vachituhwina vakatsikitsira pane kudzikama vachitsvaga chikafu, kazhinji pakati penzvimbo yakadzivirirwa iyo vanogona kukurumidza kuwana utiziro nekuhwanda kubva kungozi inofungidzirwa.

Mune mamwe mazwi, mimhanzi inorira pakati peiyo aquarium. Nekuda kweizvozvo, midziyo yacho inonyanya kuenderana nechinhu chepakati. Ichi chinogona kuve chivakwa chakagadzirwa nematombo emu aquarium anopa mapako akati wandei, madziro emvura akagadzirwa kare, kana madhizaini akasarudzika senge replica pirate ship, muzinda wepasi pemvura kana chero chaunoda uye isina zvinosvibisa.

Panguva imwecheteyo, tangi inofanira kupa nzvimbo yekugadzira ndima. Kana kukanyanya kupisa pakati nekunge mahomoni arikupisa, panofanirwa kunge paine sarudzo dzekudzokera dzakakwana dziripo kumacheto. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri mumhando yemiti yemvura, midzi kana mhando-yakakodzera zvinhu zvakasikwa.

Pakudyara, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune dzakakosha zvirimwa zvinoshivirira zvakanaka mamiriro ekunze epasi pemvura uye, kana zvichibvira, usaora kana kubudisa zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Izvi zvinosanganisira, semuenzaniso, zvidyarwa zvebakatwa (Echinodorus), mashizha epfumo (Anubias), zvigadziko zvemvura (Vallisneria), makapu emvura (Cryptocorynes) uye ferns seMircosorum. Kudyara kwakaomarara kunotadzisa hove kuwanda, saka zvakanaka kuti usununguke (wakasimwa). Miti mishoma inoyangarara uye midzi yakanyura inogonawo kubatsira kupfavisa mwenje, sezvaingoita muAmazon.

Fine river sand inokurudzirwa sepasi, kazhinji inowanikwa seyakakosha aquarium jecha. Inofanira kunge yakatsetseka zvakakwana kuti hove dzidye mariri, asi dzakasimba zvakakwana kuti zvirimwa zvidzike mukati.

Zvidyarwa zvekugadzira zvakare zvakajairika dzimwe nzira dzehove dzediscus. Izvi hazvimutsi mubvunzo wemhando yevhu kana kuenderana. Kunyange zvazvo hove dzisingasviki pazvikamu zvezvirimwa zvipenyu uye dzisingazvidi kuti dzive nekudya kunovaka muviri, nemiti yekugadzira yakakosha sefa inosiiwa. Izvi zvinogona kubhadharwa nesefa tekinoroji uye panguva imwe chete zvidyarwa zvekugadzira zvinopa mumvuri nemikana yekudzoka sezvakaita yekutanga. Pakupedzisira, zvisinei, zvinonyanya kudiwa nevaridzi vanoita basa - vamwe vanozvida nenzira iyi, vamwe nenzira iyo.

Unhu hwemvura, tembiricha uye mwenje

Hugaro hwepanyama hwehove dzediscus hunogona kutsanangurwa sehuvengo kuhupenyu, kana kuti husina hushamwari hwehupenyu. Kashoma chero bhakitiriya uye hutachiona hunopararira munzvimbo ine acidic. Muchokwadi, hove ye discus haina hanya neiyo acidic pH kukosha pane yakakwirira uye yakachena mhando yemvura. Dziviriro yake iri pakati nepakati, asi haina kusimba.

Masefa akakodzera anofanirwa nokudaro kuve nechokwadi chemhando-yakakodzera mvura yemhando. Zvikasadaro, patembiricha iri pamusoro pe29 °C, utachiona hwaizopararira nokukurumidza. High-performance aquarium mafirita anogara achibatanidza zvakasiyana-siyana mafirita ne biological processing by microorganisms, izvo zvinozogara pane sefa zvinhu uye kubva ipapo zvinoshandura muchetura, kuora nitrite uye ammonia uye kunwa uye kuputsa zvakasara zvehove.
Panguva imwecheteyo, mvura inofanira kunge yakanyanya kupfava, inofanira kunge isina kuoma kunoyerwa. Iyo yakanaka pH ndeye 4 kusvika ku5. Kana mvura yakachena ichiwedzerwa padziva sechikamu chenguva dzose nekuda kwekuchinja kwemvura kwechidimbu, izvi zvinogona kuva zvakanyanya 2 madhigirii anotonhora, asingambodziyi. Panguva imwecheteyo, hunhu hunogona kuzadzikiswa nekuwedzera peat, alder cones, beech mashizha kana yakakosha mvura gadziriro.

Kuti zvirimwa nehove zvibudirire nenzira inoenderana nemarudzi azvo, nguva yokuvhenekesa yemaawa gumi nemaviri mukati mezuva yakakodzera. Zvisinei, hove dzediscus dzinonzwa chiedza. Kuwedzera kune zvakatotaurwa zvinoyangarara zvidyarwa zvekunyorovesa, dzimwe nguva zvakare midzi, isina kusimba yakagadziriswa fluorescent machubhu anokurudzirwa. Kana iwe uchiri kuda kubudisa mavara makuru ehove kune zvakanakisisa, unogonawo kushandisa magetsi ane chikamu chitsvuku.

Pamusoro pezvo, zvibatiso zvenguva, zvidzitiro zvetsvimbo, mafirita ekunze uye epasi, machubhu emasikati uye ekuwedzera anowanikwa kune discus aquariums, ayo akagadzirirwa zvinodiwa nehove dzemvura yakachena dzinopisa pamwe chete nehuwandu hwematangi makuru.

Dyisa discus hove nemazvo

Kuenzaniswa nedzimwe hove dzekushongedza, discus ine zvishoma zvishoma. Naizvozvo inofanira kudyiswa kakawanda pazuva, nezvikamu zviduku zvinokwana. Zvokudya zvechando, chikafu chipenyu, vhitamini flakes uye / kana granules "inoshumirwa" 2 kusvika katatu pazuva uye zvakasiyana. Hove dzichiri diki dzinoda rhythm yekudya kashanu pazuva, izvo zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoshanduka kuita 3 kana 5.

Kana zvasvika kune chikafu pachayo, kuumbwa kwemhando yepamusoro kwakakosha. Chinhu chose chisina kugayiwa chinopedzisira chave mumvura uye chinopa nzvimbo yekuberekera utachiona, hunozivikanwa kuva hwakaipa kune discus. Vamwe ve aquarist saka vanopika nechikafu che discus chinotengeswa pavanenge vachidyisa discus. Pano, indasitiri yakanyatso tora mhando dzehove uye yakagadzira chaiyo kuumbwa, kudiwa kwehove dzekushongedza kwakanyanya. Vamwe vachengeti, kune rumwe rutivi, vanovimba zvakanyanya nekudya mhenyu. Muchiitiko ichi, zvisinei, kudya kunofanira kuwedzerwa nekuora kwezvirimwa zvinhu, izvo zvinoumba chikamu chisingaverengeki chekudya kwechisikigo. Izvi zvinogona kuva mashizha akafa, akadai sebeech, oak, alder, birch, miti yemaarmond yegungwa nemiti yakafanana. Chechipiri chirimwa zvinhu zvinotsigirawo kudzivirira zvirwere.

Zuva rimwe kana maviri pasina zvokudya hazvikuvadzi hove yediscus ine utano. Pane zvinopesana: dzimwe nguva mazuva ekutsanya anochenesa nzira yekudya uye kudzivirira kunaka kwemvura. Matanho akadaro anofanira kubva pane ruzivo rwakakwana uye rugare rwepfungwa kuti hove dzose dziri mutangi dzakakwana zvakakwana.

Shamwari hove dze discus

Kana iwe ukatarisa mamiriro ekuchengeta discus hove, kusarudzwa kweshamwari hove kunogumira zvakanyanya. Iyo tembiricha yepamusoro uye yakapfava, ine acidic nharaunda chete haisi yemunhu wese. Zvakare, shamwari dzehove hadzisi chitsividzo chezvinoreva kana kushandiswa zvisizvo sekuyedza kushamwaridzana. Akachena marudzi matangi akajairika uye akanakira discus hove.

Kana iwe uchiri kuda kushandisa dzimwe mhuka, iwe unofanirwa kuterera kune rugare rwavo uye, pamusoro pezvose, dzivisa nharaunda-inogadzira marudzi. Semuyenzaniso:

• Kuyamwa catfish uye armored catfish
• diki tetras: neon tetras, hatchet, lemon tetras, pakati pevamwe
• dwarf cichlids uye butterfly cichlids
• mabarbel akasiyana-siyana, hozhwa, uye shrimps, semuenzaniso vanodya algae, hozhwa dzvuku, fan shrimps

Vamwe veava vaunogara navo vanozvipira kubatsira mukusefa uye nekudaro kukwenenzvera kwemhando yemvura. Uye kunyange kana shrimp yemvura yakachena iri pamenyu yehove ye discus, mambo prawns anoponeswa. Nokudaro, marudzi aya akataurwa anoonekwa seanonyatsoenderana ne discus, kunyange zvazvo kwete sechinhu chinodiwa.

Chero ani anowira murudo nemhando yehove discus anongove nemeso kune zvinyoro zvinyoro kubwinya kwemavara, maitiro anonakidza, uye kuwirirana kwekuita kwemhuka.