Kamera

Ngamera dzakanyatsoenderana nehupenyu hwemugwenga. Izvi zvinosanganisira madhiragi ane humped kubva kuNorth Africa neArabia, pamwe nemakamera ane humped maviri eBactrian anobva kuAsia.

unhu

Makamera akaita sei?

MaDromedaries neBactrian ngamera ndevemhuri yengamera uye ndeveiyo inonzi inonzi callous-soled mhuri. Iri boka remhuka rine zita rakadaro nekuti pasi petsoka dzadzo pazere nemhata dzakakora, dzechitubu. Haana mahwanda, angori madiki-diki, seminwe-sezvipikiri zvinodzivirira kumberi kwetsoka dzadzo. Mhandara dziri patsoka dzadzo dzinoita kuti huremu hwemhuka hwagoverwa pasi pejecha uye hadzinyure mukati. Aya macalluses akafara mumakamera eBactrian pane mumadromedaries.

Ngamera dzine nyanga dzakakora pa sternum, magokora, zvitsitsinho, nemabvi. Ngamera imhuka dzine simba: Dzakareba mamita 2.3 kusvika ku2.5 papfudzi. Dzinoyera pakati pe2.2 ne3.4 metres kubva pamhuno kusvika pasi. Muswe wacho wakareba masendimita makumi mashanu kusvika makumi manomwe uye huremu huri pakati pe50 ne70 kilograms. Ngamera dzeBactrian dzinowanzoremera zvishoma pane dromedaries.

Anowanzo makumbo akareba, mutsipa wakareba wakakotama pasi, uye humps: dromedaries dzine hump imwe chete, ngamera dzeBactrian dzine humps mbiri. Mhando mbiri idzi dzine bhachi rakakora rebvudzi rakapfava, rine makushe. Inogona kuva yemhando dzakasiyana dze beige uye brown, asiwo chena kana kunyange dema.

Nemhaka yokuti ngamera dzeBactrian dzinogara munzvimbo inotonhora zvikuru muchando, dzinowana jasi gobvu, refu panguva ino yegore. Pakunenge kwava kudziya zvakare muchirimo, makushe echando aya anobuda ari zvidimbu zvakakura, zvekuti mhuka dzinoita sedzakavhiringika. Chimiro chinowanzoitawo kumhanya: mhuka dzinofambisa kumberi kana kuruboshwe kumberi uye gumbo reshure mberi panguva imwe chete. Muromo wengamera wekumusoro wakatsemuka, mhino dzakaita nepakati. Vanogona kuvharwa uye nokudaro vanodzivirirwa kubva mujecha.

Mhuri yengamera yakabva kuNorth America makore 40 kusvika ku50 mamiriyoni apfuura. Makore angangoita mamiriyoni maviri apfuura vakatama vachiyambuka Bering Strait kuenda kuNyika Yekare, kureva kuAsia neAfrica. Vakatsakatika muNorth America. Ma<em>llamas akauya kuSouth America munguva yeIce Age uye akararama ikoko.

Ngamera dzinogara kupi?

Dromedaries inongowanikwa muArabia neNorth Africa. Ikoko ivo vanonyanya kuwanikwa kumucheto kwerenje seSahara. MaDromedaries akaunzwa kuAustralia uye akagara zvakanaka. Vamwe vavo vaenda musango.

Makamera eBactrian - anonziwo maBactrian ngamera - anogara muCentral Asia. Ikoko vanobva kuKazakhstan vachipfuura nomuMongolia vachienda kuchamhembe kweChina uye vanochengetwa semhuka dzinotakura zvinhu. Masango emusango haasisipo nhasi, uye makamera emusango eBactrian haawanzoitiki: vanenge 950 chete ndivo vanofanira kugara muTaklamakan Desert, China Xinjiang Province, uye chikamu cheMongolia cheGobi Desert.

Nzvimbo yekugara yemadromedaries mumarenje anopisa uye semi-renje kuNorth Africa neArabia. Havashiviriri mamiriro okunze ane hunyoro. Ngamera dzeBactrian dzinojairwawo kuti dzirarame mugwenga. Nekudaro, ivo vanofanirwa kutsungirira kuchinjika kukuru kwetembiricha kupfuura dromedaries: Mumagwenga eCentral Asia, inogona kupisa se40 ° Celsius muzhizha uye kutonhora se -30 ° Celsius muchando.

Ndeapi marudzi engamera aripo?

Ngamera mbiri dzeNyika Yekare - imwe-humped dromedary uye maviri-humped Bactrian ngamera - vane hukama hwepedyo zvekuti vanogona kutoberekana. Mhirizhonga pakati pemadromedaries neBactrian ngamera dzinodaidzwa kuti talus kana mabhakiti: dzinenge dzakareba kana diki hump.

Makamera emusango eBactrian eCentral Asia anotorondedzerwa nevamwe vatsvakurudzi semarudzi akasiyana, anonzi "makamera emvura yemunyu", nokuti mhuka idzi dzinogona kunyange kunwa mvura ine munyu uye kushivirira zvakanaka kwazvo. Makamera eNyika Itsva muSouth America anosanganisira llamas, guanacos, alpacas uye vicunas. Iwo ese madiki pane makamera eBactrian nemadromedaries, haana humps, uye haanawo mapedhi akakora patsoka dzawo.

Ngamera dzinokura sei?

Ngamera dzinogona kurarama makore 40 kusvika ku50.

Kuzvibata

Ngamera dzinogara sei?

Kusiyana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, makamera haachengete mvura mumahumps avo, asi kusvika ku200 kilograms yemafuta uye inobatana. Mafuta anogona kushandurwa kuva mvura mune yakaoma metabolic process nerubatsiro rweokisijeni - saka ivo zvisina kunanga vanoshanda semvura inochengeterwa. Mumamiriro okunze anotonhorera uye pakudya zvinonaka, zvekudya zvine mvura, ngamera dzinogona kuenda kwemavhiki pasina mvura yekuwedzera. Uyezve, hump inodzivirira muviri kubva kuzuva kuburikidza nekutora kupisa.

Iyo metabolism yemakamera yakagadziridzwawo zvakakwana pakuchengetedza mvura: itsvo dzinobvisa mvura yakawanda kubva mumuguta kuitira kuti muviri urege kurasikirwa nayo. Tsvina yacho hainawo mvura. Kupisa kwemuviri wengamera kunoderera zvakanyanya usiku. Masikati, muviri unodziya zvishoma nezvishoma.

Vanongotanga kudikitira kana tembiricha yemuviri wavo yasvika 41°C. Saka havatomborasikirwe nemvura. Mumwaka wokusanaya kwemvura, ngamera dzinogona kurasikirwa ne27 muzana youremu hwomuviri wadzo pasina kufa nenyota. Kana vakawana mvura zvakare, vanonwa marita 100 kusvika 150 panguva. Izvi zvinogoneka nekuti havana masero eropa akatenderera asi oval:

Naizvozvo, vanogona kunwa zvakawanda munguva pfupi pasina kuwedzeredza muviri. Ngamera dzinochengeterwawo makushe, nyama, mafuta, uye mukaka. Vanopa marita masere kusvika gumi emukaka pazuva. Kunyanya kuberekeswa ngamera dzemukaka kunyange kusvika ku20 litres. Zvipfeko nemagumbeze zvinogadzirwa kubva kumvere refu dzengamera dzeBactrian. Uye pakupedzisira, ndove yengamera inoshandiswa sefotereza nemafuta.

Shamwari nevavengi vengamera

Mazhinji madromedaries nemaBactrian ngamera vanogara semhuka dzinovaraidza. Kazhinji havana vavengi. Ngamera dzeBactrian dzinogara musango dzinewo vavengi vashoma, asi dzinovhimwa nevanhu, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichirambidzwa zvachose.

Ngamera dzinobereka sei?

Nguva yekubatana kwemadromedaries iri pakati paNdira naKurume, kumamera eBactrian pakati paFebruary naApril. Mhuka idzi dzinogona kuita hasha zvikuru panguva iyi. Vanorwisana uye dzimwe nguva vanotorwisa vanhu. Furo rinonamira rinorembera kubva mumiromo yavo richibhururuka nemhepo kana misoro yadzo ichifamba zvine chisimba inowanzoitika panguva iyi. Ngamera dzinosangana dzakavata pasi. Nguva yekuzvitakura yakareba: kana iri dromedaries, mare inobuda kubva muboka kwenguva pfupi mwedzi gumi nembiri mushure mekusangana, uye inobereka mwana muduku. Nguva yekuzvitakura kwengamera dzeBactrian inogona kusvika kumwedzi gumi nemina.

Mhuru inorema makirogiramu makumi matatu kusvika makumi mashanu. Ichangoberekwa, inogona kumira nemakumbo ayo matete uye kutevera amai vayo. Vose vanobva vadzokera kumombe. Vana vaduku vanoyamwiwa kwegore rimwe kusvika kune rimwe nehafu asi nokukurumidza vanotanga kukweva mashizha akaoma ouswa. Mushure memwedzi miviri, inogara ichidya zvirimwa. Mhuka dzinokura pabonde pazera remakore matatu kusvika mana. Madzimai anozvara mwana wechidiki makore maviri ega ega.

Ngamera dzaitaurirana sei?

Ngamera duku dzingaridza mhere nokuchema zvinosiririsa padzinenge dzichitsvaka amai vadzo. Ngamera dzine inonzi chisaga muhuro. Naiye, mhuka dzechirume, kunyanya, dzinogona kuita mhere mhere panguva yekusangana.

Care

Ngamera dzinodyei?

Ngamera imhuka dzisingatarisirwi zvakanyanya, dzinogona kurarama kwenguva yakareba nekudya kushoma kana kutomboshaya. Idzo mhuka dzakachena. Zvokudya zvavo zvinoumbwa nouswa hwakaoma, uye havazezi pamapazi ane minzwa emarudzi akawanda emuakasia. Vanotodya zvinomera zvine saline.

Muridzi wengamera

Dromedaries inochengetwa semhuka dzepurazi kuNorth Africa neArabia. Chete nerubatsiro rwavo vanhu vaigona kutora magwenga eNorth Africa. Nhasi tinotochengeta dromedaries semagomo. Ngamera dzeBactrian dzichiri kushandiswa nhasi sekutakura uye kutakura mhuka muCentral Asia.