Mary Allen
Iyo axolotl haingotaridzi yakanaka uye isina kujairika; iyo Mexican salamander inewo kugona kunogoneka: inogona kudzokorora makumbo uye kunyange zvikamu zvemuzongoza mumavhiki mashoma.
Iyo Axolotl - a Mexican salamander anogara mazhinji ehupenyu hwayo mumvura. Ndiye chisikwa chinoshamisa chisingagoni kurongeka nemaziso nekukasika. Pane imwe nzvimbo pakati penewt, salamander, uye tadpole. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti inoramba iri mudanho remakonye muhupenyu hwayo hwose asi ichiri kukura pabonde. Inonzi neoteny.
Iyo axolotl inokura kusvika 25 masendimita muhukuru uye inosvika makore makumi maviri nemashanu. Amphibian yave iripo kwemakore anosvika 25 miriyoni, asi muhuwandu hudiki: iko zvino kune mienzaniso yakawanda inogara mumarabhoritari kupfuura musango.
Inguva yakareba sei yehupenyu hweaxolotl?
Hupenyu paavhareji - makore 10-15. Ruvara uye hunhu - akati wandei anozivikanwa pigmentation marudzi, anosanganisira brown, dema, albino, grey, uye rakachenuruka pink; mashanga ekunze egill uye caudal dorsal fin semhedzisiro yeneoteny. Vagari vemusango - 700-1,200 approx.
Makore mangani axolotls anopinda mu aquarium?
Avhareji yekurarama hupenyu hunosvika makore gumi nemashanu. Mhuka dzinotozivikanwa kuti dzasvika pazera raMetusara remakore makumi maviri neshanu. Nguva yepasi ndeye makore masere kusvika gumi.
Ko axolotls inogona kurarama kwemakore zana?
Axolotls anowanzogara makore gumi-10 ari muhusungwa, asi anogona kurarama kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri kana achinge achichengetwa zvakanaka. Iyo yekare axolotl haizivikanwi asi zera ravo rinogona kuvashamisa sezvo vanova mhuka dzinovaraidza sezvo dzimwe mhando dzesalamander dzine hupenyu hurefu hurefu (zvimwe pane izvo pazasi!)
Axolotl: mhuka yemvura ine gills
Zita rokuti "axolotl" rinobva kuAztec uye rinoreva chimwe chinhu se "chikara chemvura". Mhuka, iyo yakareba kusvika masendimita makumi maviri nemashanu, inoita runyararo rwakati. Kuruboshwe nekurudyi kwemutsipa kune gill appendages, iyo mune mamwe marudzi inoratidzirwa muvara uye inoita semiti miduku.
Makumbo eaxolotl uye musana wemuzongoza unogona kukura zvakare
Uye chimwe chinhu chinoita kuti mhuka iyi ive yakakosha: kana ikarasikirwa negumbo, inongokura zvakare mukati memavhiki mashoma. Inogonawo kugadzirisa zvachose zvikamu zvepelinha uye yakakuvara retinal tissue. Hapana anoziva kuti sei axolotl ichigona kukurira mitezo yese yakazara nebhonzo, tsandanyama uye tsinga. Asi masayendisiti anga ari munzira kwenguva yakati uye akatotsanangura ruzivo rwese genetic ye axolotl.
DNA yakapetwa kagumi kupfuura vanhu
Iyo yese genetic information yeaxolotl ine 32 bhiriyoni base pairs uye saka inodarika kagumi saizi yegenome yemunhu. Iyo genome yeamphibian saka zvakare ndiyo yakakura genome yakatsanangurwa kusvika nhasi. Boka rinotungamirirwa nemuongorori Elly Tanaka kubva kuVienna, Heidelberg neDresden vakawana majini akawanda anongoitika muaxolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) nemamwe marudzi emamphibian. Aya majini anoshanda munyama iri kuvandudzwa.
"Iye zvino tine mepu yemajini muruoko yatinogona kushandisa kudzidza kuti zvimiro zvakaoma - makumbo, semuenzaniso - anogona kukura achidzoka."
Sergei Nowoshilov, munyori-mubatanidzwa wechidzidzo ichi, chakaburitswa mujenari 'Nature' muna Ndira 2018.
Yese axolotl genome deciphered
Nekuda kwezvivakwa zvayo, iyo axolotl yanga iri nyaya yekutsvagisa kwemakore anopfuura 150. Imwe yeaxolotl colonies yakakura inochengetwa muMolecular Pathology Laboratory muVienna. Vanopfuura 200 vaongorori vanoita basic biomedical research pachikoro ichi.
Axolotl majini anoita mabasa akakosha
Uchishandisa tekinoroji yePacBio kuona kureba kweiyo genome, iyo axolotl genome yakatsanangurwa zvizere. Izvo zvakaonekwa kuti yakakosha uye yakapararira gene yekusimudzira - "PAX3" - inoshaya zvachose mu axolotl. Basa rayo rinotorwa nejini rine hukama rinonzi "PAX7". Ose majini anoita mabasa akakosha mukukura kwetsandanyama netsinga. Nekufamba kwenguva, chishandiso chakadaro chinofanira kugadzirwa kuvanhu.
Kashoma chero axolotls akasara musango
Kufungidzira kuti mangani axolotl anoramba ari musango kwakaoma - vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanoisa nhamba yacho kumativi e2,300, asi inogona kunge iri shoma. Kufungidzira kubva muna 2009 kwakaisa makopi ari pakati pe700 ne1,200 chete. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwakanyanya kwenzvimbo dzinogara mhuka muMexico, sezvo dzichida kugara munzvimbo dzinotakura tsvina umo tsvina yedu inorasirwa. Asi zvakare mumhando dzehove dzekune dzimwe nyika dzakaunzwa kuti dzivandudze kupihwa kweprotein kune vanhu. Kunyange zvazvo carp yakagadzika inoda kuchenesa mazai, macichlids anorwisa vechidiki axolotls.
Axolotl gene diversity iri kuderera murabhoritari
Mienzaniso yekupedzisira inogara muLake Xochimilco uye mamwe madziva madiki kumadokero kweMexico City. Iyo axolotl yave ichionekwa seyakanyanya kutsakatika kubvira 2006. Zvakawanda, zvakawanda zvemuenzaniso zvino zvinogara mu aquariums, marabhoritari, uye nzvimbo dzekuberekesa kupfuura musango. Zvimwe zvakatorerwa kumaresitorendi muJapan. Zvimwe zvinoramba zvichishandiswa pakutsvakurudza. Iro geni dziva rinodzikira nekufamba kwenguva, nekuti madzinza anowanzo kusanganiswa ivo pachavo. Hazvizivikanwe kana kuberekesa axolotls kuchine chaiwo hunhu sehama dzavo mune zvakasikwa.
Kuchengeta axolotl mu aquarium
MuMexico, nyika yekwayo, iyo axolotl inonyanya kufarirwa semhuka inovaraidza, inoda kuremekedzwa. Chero ani zvake anoda kuunza maamphibians madiki mumadziro avo mana anogona kuzviita zviri nyore nekuti akasimba uye anoshingirira. Mukuwedzera, kusiyana nemamwe salamanders, ivo vanongoda aquarium uye hapana "chikamu chenyika". Vose vanobva muvana, kuvatora kubva musango kunorambidzwa zvachose. Vanoda tembiricha yemvura ye15 kusvika 21 degrees Celsius, dzimwe nguva inotonhora. Ipapo vanogona kupora zviri nani kubva kuzvirwere. Kana iwe uchida kuvachengeta pamwe chete nemamwe axolotls, saka zvakanakisa nemaconspecifics ehukuru hwakafanana. Vanodya zvakanyanya nekudya mhenyu sehove diki, hozhwa, kana magakanje madiki.