Mau Oyamba: Dziko Losangalatsa la Kumva kwa Zinyama

Kumva ndikofunika kwambiri kwa nyama zambiri zakutchire. Zimawathandiza kuzindikira adani, kupeza nyama, ndi kulankhulana. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, nyama zakulitsa luso losiyanasiyana la makutu, kuyambira pa kuzindikira kamvekedwe ka mawu pang’onopang’ono mpaka kuzindikira maphokoso amphamvu amene anthu sangamve. M’nkhaniyi, tiona kuti ndi nyama iti imene ili ndi makutu ambiri pa nyama zonse.

Kufotokozera Mamvedwe a Nyama

Mamvedwe a nyama ndi kuchuluka kwa mamvekedwe a mawu omwe nyama imatha kuzindikira. Izi zimayesedwa mu Hertz (Hz), yomwe ndi gawo la ma frequency. Kumva kwa anthu kuli pakati pa 20 Hz mpaka 20,000 Hz, koma nyama zina zimatha kuzindikira mawu otsika kwambiri kapena apamwamba kuposa izi. Kumva kwa nyama kumadaliranso mmene makutu ake amakhalira komanso mmene ubongo wake umamvekera.

Kufunika Kwa Kumva mu Ufumu Wanyama

Kumva n’kofunika kwambiri kwa nyama zambiri zakutchire chifukwa kumawathandiza kuzindikira nyama zimene zingadye kapena kuzidya. Mwachitsanzo, nyama yolusa imatha kugwiritsa ntchito makutu ake kuti ipeze nyama imene ili yosaoneka, pamene nyama zolusa zimagwiritsa ntchito makutu awo kuti zizindikire nyama zolusa zikubwera chapatali. Zinyama zina zimagwiritsanso ntchito kumva polankhulana, monga mbalame zomwe zimayimba kuti zikope zibwenzi kapena anyani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mawu kuti azilamulira.

Kuyerekeza Makutu Osiyanasiyana a Nyama Zosiyanasiyana

Nyama zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi makutu osiyanasiyana, kutengera momwe zimakhalira komanso mamvekedwe omwe amafunikira kuti azimva komwe amakhala. Nyama zina, monga njovu, zimakhala ndi makutu osiyanasiyana moti zimawalola kuzindikira maphokoso apansi pang’ono, pamene zina, monga mileme, zimatha kuzindikira maphokoso okwera kwambiri amene munthu sangamve.

Njovu: Wopambana pa Phokoso Lapansi

Njovu zimamva kwambiri kuposa nyama iliyonse yapamtunda, zomwe zimakhala ndi 1 Hz mpaka 20,000 Hz. Amatha kuzindikira maphokoso omwe munthu sangamve, monga maphokoso otsika kwambiri omwe amayenda mtunda wautali kudutsa pansi. Luso limeneli limathandiza njovu kuti zizilankhulana pa mtunda wautali komanso kuzindikira kulira kwa nyama zina zimene zili pamalo awo.

Dolphin: Mphunzitsi wa Echolocation

Ma dolphin amatha kumva mpaka 150,000 Hz, omwe ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa kumva kwa anthu. Amagwiritsa ntchito ma echolocation kuti azindikire zinthu zomwe zili m'malo awo, kutulutsa kudina kwafupipafupi komanso kumvetsera ma echos omwe amabwerera. Kutha kumeneku kumathandizira ma dolphin kudutsa m'malo awo, kupeza nyama, ndikupewa zopinga.

The Bat: Virtuoso of High-Frequency Sound

Mileme imakhala ndi makutu ochuluka kwambiri, ndipo mitundu ina imatha kuzindikira ma frequency ofikira 200,000 Hz. Amagwiritsa ntchito ma echolocation kuti azitha kudutsa m'malo awo ndikupeza nyama, kutulutsa mawu okwera kwambiri omwe amadumphadumpha pa zinthu ndi kumvetsera mamvekedwe omwe akubwerera. Kutha kumeneku kumathandizira mileme kusaka mumdima wathunthu ndikupewa zopinga.

Kadzidzi: Mlenje Wobisika Wamakutu Odabwitsa

Akadzidzi amamva mpaka 12,000 Hz, omwe ndi otsika kuposa kumva kwa anthu. Komabe, ali ndi chidwi chodabwitsa chakumva, zomwe zimawalola kuti azitha kuzindikira phokoso laling'ono kwambiri la nyama yawo. Akadzidzi alinso ndi makutu ooneka ngati asymmetrical, zomwe zimawathandiza kudziwa komwe kumachokera phokosolo molondola kwambiri.

Moth: Woyimilira Wodabwitsa wa Wide Hearing Range

Moths sangakhale nyama yoyamba yomwe imabwera m'maganizo ikaganizira za luso lakumva, koma imakhala ndi kusintha kodabwitsa komwe kumawalola kuti azitha kuzindikira zomveka kuposa kumva kwa munthu. Mitundu ina ya agulugufe ili ndi makutu pamapiko awo ndipo imawalola kuzindikira mileme yomwe imawavutitsa kwambiri. Kutha kumeneku kumapangitsa njenjete kuthawa mileme ndikupulumuka m'malo awo.

Munthu: Womvetsera Wapakati Pakati pa Zinyama

Poyerekeza ndi nyama zina, anthu amamva pang'ono kuchokera ku 20 Hz mpaka 20,000 Hz. Komabe, anthu amatha kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawu, monga malankhulidwe, nyimbo, ndi phokoso la chilengedwe. Anthu amagwiritsanso ntchito makutu awo polankhulana, zomwe zakhala zofunikira kwambiri pa chitukuko cha anthu.

Kuyankha Funso: Ndi Nyama Iti Imene Imamva Kusiyanasiyana Kwambiri?

Kutengera ndi zigawo zapita, n’zachionekere kuti njovu zili ndi makutu ambiri kuposa nyama iliyonse yapamtunda, yokhala ndi 1 Hz mpaka 20,000 Hz. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti azitha kuzindikira mawu otsika kwambiri amene amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali kudutsa pansi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti azigwirizana kwambiri ndi malo awo.

Kutsiliza: Kuphunzira pa Kukhoza Kumva kwa Zamoyo Zina

Luso lakumva la nyama zosiyanasiyana n’lochititsa chidwi ndipo lingatiphunzitse zambiri zokhudza chilengedwe. Pophunzira momwe nyama zimadziwira ndikusintha mawu, titha kudziwa momwe zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zasinthira kumadera awo ndikukulitsa luso lapadera. Kudziwa kumeneku kungathenso kulimbikitsa matekinoloje atsopano omwe amatsanzira luso lakumva la nyama, zomwe zimatsogolera kuzinthu zatsopano zamagawo monga zamankhwala ndi uinjiniya.