Mitundu ya Mbalame
Mitundu ya mbalame ndi gulu losiyanasiyana komanso lopatsa chidwi lomwe limaphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame zomwe zimapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi mitundu yopitilira 10,000 yodziwika bwino, mbalame zimawonetsa mawonekedwe, makulidwe, mitundu, ndi machitidwe, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala amodzi mwamagulu ochititsa chidwi kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuchokera ku mbalame za raptor ndi mbalame zazikulu za m'madzi mpaka ku mbalame zazing'ono za hummingbirds ndi nightjars zosadziwika bwino, mitundu ya mbalame imasonyeza kusintha kodabwitsa ndipo imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira kunkhalango zowirira mpaka kuchipululu chopanda kanthu.
Mbalame zimadziwika ndi zinthu zingapo zapadera, kuphatikizapo nthenga, milomo komanso kuuluka. Nthenga zimagwira ntchito zingapo, kupereka chitetezo, kuloleza kuuluka, ndikuwonetsa nthenga zowoneka bwino zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powonetsa zibwenzi komanso kuzindikira mitundu. Milomo, yokonzedwa kuti igwirizane ndi zakudya zamtundu uliwonse, imatha kukhala yayitali kapena yowonda pofufuza maluwa mpaka yakuthwa komanso yokhotakhota kuti ing'ambe. Kuuluka, komwe ndi khalidwe la mbalamezi, kumawathandiza kuona madera akuluakulu, kusamuka m'makontinenti onse, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
Mitundu ya mbalame imadziŵika chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame. Zimaphatikizapo mabanja odziwika bwino monga mbalame zoimba nyimbo (okwera), mbalame zodya nyama (raptors), mbalame za m'madzi, mbalame zotchedwa parrots, akadzidzi, ndi nkhunda. Banja lililonse lili ndi zamoyo zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi chilengedwe chosiyana ndi machitidwe apadera. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame zoimba nyimbo zimalodza ndi kamvekedwe kake kosangalatsa komanso luso lomanga zisa, pamene mbalame zolusa zimakopa chidwi ndi luso lawo losaka nyama komanso maso awo akuthwa.
Mbalame zimakhala zazikulu mosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku mbalame yaing'ono yotchedwa hummingbird, yotalika pafupifupi mainchesi 2.5, mpaka ku nthiwatiwa yamphamvu, yomwe imatha kutalika mamita 9. Dziko la mbalamezi limakhalanso ndi mitundu yochititsa chidwi yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi mitundu yowoneka bwino, monga kamzimbi wonyezimira ndi nthenga zake zobiriŵira zonyezimira kapena macaw ofiira okongoletsedwa ndi nthenga zofiira monyezimira, zabuluu, ndi zachikasu. Ena amatengera kamvekedwe kocheperako, kosakanikirana ndi malo ozungulira kuti awonekere.
Makhalidwe a mbalame amasiyanasiyana mofanana ndi maonekedwe awo. Zamoyo zina zimachita miyambo yovuta kwambiri ya chibwenzi, kuchita ziwonetsero zokopa kuti zikope zibwenzi. Ena amapanga maubwenzi a moyo wonse, amagawana maudindo aukolo, kapena amaweta mothandizana. Mbalame zimasonyeza njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera chakudya, kuphatikizapo kufufuza maluwa ngati timadzi ta timadzi tokoma, kudumphira m'madzi kuti tipeze nsomba, kuwononga nyama zowonda, kapenanso kukwatula tizilombo m'kati mwa ndege panthawi yothamanga.
Kuwonera mbalame, kapena kuchita mbalame, ndimasewera otchuka omwe okonda padziko lonse lapansi amakonda. Anthu amawona ndi kuphunzira mbalame zomwe zili m'malo awo achilengedwe, ndikuzindikira machitidwe awo, kuzindikira zamoyo, ndikulemba zomwe apeza. Kusiyanasiyana kochititsa chidwi kwa mbalame kumatsimikizira kuti ulendo uliwonse wowonera mbalame umakhala ndi mwayi wopeza zatsopano komanso kukumana kochititsa chidwi.
Pomaliza, mitundu ya mbalame ikuphatikizapo mitundu yambirimbiri komanso yochititsa chidwi ya mbalame. Kusintha kwawo kwapadera, kusiyanasiyana kodabwitsa, komanso machitidwe ochititsa chidwi akupitiliza kuchititsa chidwi komanso chidwi pakati pa okonda masewera komanso akatswiri odziwa zamatsenga. Kufufuza dziko la mbalame kumapereka chithunzithunzi chosangalatsa cha kukongola ndi kucholowana kwa chilengedwe.