How rare is polydactyly?

What is polydactyly?

Polydactyly is a genetic condition where a person or animal is born with extra fingers or toes. In humans, it is most commonly seen as an extra pinky finger or a thumb with an additional bone. Polydactyly can affect one hand or foot, or both. This condition is often harmless but can sometimes cause difficulty with daily tasks.

How common is polydactyly?

Polydactyly is a relatively rare condition, occurring in approximately 1 in every 500 to 1,000 live births. However, certain populations, such as the Amish community, have a higher incidence of polydactyly due to inbreeding. In animals, polydactyly is more common in certain breeds, such as the Hemingway cats, which are known for having extra toes.

Types of polydactyly

There are two main types of polydactyly: preaxial and postaxial. Preaxial polydactyly is when the extra finger or toe is on the thumb or big toe side, while postaxial polydactyly is when the extra digit is on the pinky or little toe side. Polydactyly can also be classified as simple or complex. Simple polydactyly is when the extra digit has normal bones and joints, while complex polydactyly involves extra bones and joints.

Causes of polydactyly

Polydactyly is caused by a genetic mutation that affects the development of finger or toe buds in the womb. It can be inherited from one or both parents or occur spontaneously. Certain genetic disorders, such as Down Syndrome, can also increase the likelihood of polydactyly.

Famous people with polydactyly

There have been several famous people throughout history who had polydactyly, including Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII, who had an extra finger on her left hand. Jazz pianist and composer, Dave Brubeck, also had polydactyly, with an extra finger on each hand.

Animals with polydactyly

Many animals, particularly cats, can also have polydactyly. This is often referred to as "mitten paws" or "Hemingway cats" after the author Ernest Hemingway, who was known for his love of polydactyl cats. Some dog breeds, such as the Great Pyrenees, can also have extra toes.

Treatment options for polydactyly

In most cases, polydactyly does not require treatment, as it is often harmless. However, if the extra digit is causing problems with daily tasks, it can be surgically removed. This is usually only done for severe cases of polydactyly.

Living with polydactyly

Living with polydactyly can be challenging, particularly if the extra digit causes difficulty with daily tasks. However, many people with polydactyly learn to adapt and find ways to overcome any obstacles. It is important to remember that polydactyly does not define a person and should not limit what they can achieve. With a positive attitude and determination, anything is possible.