Mary Allen
Nrog lawv lub cev tiaj tus, rays yog unmistakable. Lawv ntab elegantly los ntawm dej. Lawv faus lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv pw los yog mus tua lawv cov tsiaj.
Cov yam ntxwv
Cov rays zoo li cas?
Rays yog cov ntses primitive heev thiab, zoo li sharks, belongs rau tsev neeg ntses cartilaginous. Lawv tsis muaj pob txha, tsuas yog pob txha mos. Qhov no ua rau lawv lub cev sib zog heev thiab lawv tsis xav tau lub zais zis ua luam dej zoo li lwm cov ntses. Lawv lub cev tiaj tus, uas cov pectoral fins zaum zoo li ahem, yog qhov raug. Lub qhov ncauj, qhov ntswg, thiab tsib khub ntawm gill slits yog nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub cev.
Lawv kuj muaj qhov hu ua tshuaj tsuag qhov nyob rau sab sauv ntawm lawv lub cev, los ntawm qhov uas lawv nqus dej hauv lawv ua pa thiab coj mus rau lawv cov gills. Lawv zaum tom qab ob lub qhov muag. Cov tshuaj tsuag ntxiv yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias cov rays nyob ze rau ntawm ntug hiav txwv thiab feem ntau burrow mus rau hauv qab. Lawv yuav ua pa hauv av nkos thiab av los ntawm lawv cov gills.
Lub hauv qab ntawm lub cev feem ntau yog lub teeb. Sab saum toj yog yoog mus rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub rays, nws tuaj yeem yog xim av, tab sis kuj yuav luag dub. Tsis tas li ntawd, sab sauv yog patterned thiaj li hais tias rays zoo kawg nkaus yoog mus rau hauv av uas lawv nyob. Daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub teeb pom kev ntxhib heev vim muaj cov nplai me me ntawm nws.
Lawv hu ua placoid nplai thiab yog tsim los ntawm dentin thiab enamel, zoo li cov hniav. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws rays ntsuas tsuas yog 30 centimeters nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, qhov loj tshaj plaws xws li dab ntxwg nyoog rays los yog loj manta rays yog mus txog rau xya meters siab thiab hnyav txog li ob tons. Rays muaj ob peb kab ntawm cov hniav hauv lawv lub qhov ncauj. Yog hais tias ib tug hniav ntog tawm nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej kab ntawm cov hniav, tus tom ntej yuav siv sij hawm.
rays nyob qhov twg?
Rays nyob hauv txhua lub hiav txwv ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Lawv feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv temperate thiab tropical cheeb tsam. Txawm li cas los xij, qee hom kuj tsiv mus rau brackish thiab dej tshiab. Qee hom South American xws li stingrays txawm nyob tshwj xeeb hauv cov dej loj ntawm South America. Rays nyob hauv ntau qhov tob hauv hiav txwv - los ntawm cov dej ntiav mus txog 3000 meters tob.
Dab tsi ntawm cov rays muaj?
Muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm 500 hom rays thoob ntiaj teb. Lawv muab faib ua pawg sib txawv, piv txwv li, hluav taws xob guitar, pom rays, torpedo rays, tiag rays, los yog dav dawb hau rays.
Coj cwj pwm
rays nyob li cas?
Vim lawv lub cev yog lub teeb, rays yog elegant swimmers. Eagle rays tau nthuav dav pectoral fins thiab glide los ntawm cov dej nrog xws li elegant zog uas nws zoo li ib tug dav dawb hau gliding nyob rau hauv cov huab cua - yog li nws lub npe.
Tag nrho cov kab hluav taws xob zoo sib xws hauv lawv cov qauv tsim, tab sis tseem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tib neeg hom. Piv txwv li, Eagle ray muaj ib tug beak-zoo li snout. Cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob yog hluav taws xob thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lawv cov tsiaj nrog hluav taws xob poob siab txog 220 volts. Lwm tus, zoo li American stingray, muaj qhov txaus ntshai venomous stinger ntawm lawv tus Tsov tus tw. Hluav taws xob, stingrays, thiab stingrays tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg.
Guitar rays deviate qhov feem ntau ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov rays: Lawv zoo li lub teeb nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej, tab sis ntau dua li ib tug shark nyob tom qab. Thiab marbled rays nqa cov txheej txheem zoo li cov hniav ntawm nws nraub qaum los tiv thaiv nws tus kheej los ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg. Rays muaj qhov hnov tsw zoo heev thiab kov. Thiab lawv muaj ib qho kev hnov mob ntxiv: Lorenzini ampoules. Lawv pom zoo li qhov me me nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub taub hau.
Nyob rau hauv lub ampoules yog ib tug gelatinous tshuaj uas cov rays siv los nkag siab txog hluav taws xob impulses emanating los ntawm cov leeg nqaij ntawm lawv cov tsiaj. Nrog Lorenzini ampoules, cov kab hluav taws xob tuaj yeem "xav" lawv cov tsiaj nyeg ntawm ntug hiav txwv thiab pom nws yam tsis muaj kev pab ntawm lawv lub qhov muag - uas nyob rau sab sauv ntawm lawv lub cev.
Cov phooj ywg thiab cov yeeb ncuab ntawm lub ray
Rays muaj kev tiv thaiv heev: qee tus tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej nrog hluav taws xob shocks, lwm tus nrog cov tshuaj lom los yog kab ntawm cov hniav ntse ntawm lawv nraub qaum. Tab sis qee zaum rays kuj khiav: Tom qab ntawd lawv nias dej los ntawm lawv cov gills thiab siv txoj cai recoil no tua los ntawm dej ntawm xob laim.
Yuav ua li cas rays reproduce?
Rays nteg capsule-zoo li lub qe nrog ib tug leathery npog nyob rau hauv uas cov hluas tsim. Lub plhaub tiv thaiv cov tub ntxhais hluas tab sis tso cai rau dej hla kom lub embryo yog oxygenated. Yog li hais tias lub qe tsis nqa tam sim no, lawv muaj jagged appendages uas cov qe tau daig ntawm pob zeb lossis cov nroj tsuag.
Hauv qee hom, cov menyuam yaus loj hlob hauv cov qe hauv niam lub cev. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tua muaj los yog sai tom qab oviposition. Lub sij hawm loj hlob mus txog rau thaum hatching kav - nyob ntawm seb hom - plaub mus rau 14 lub lis piam. Cov rays me me tsis tu los ntawm lawv niam tab sis yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm ib hnub.
Care
rays noj dab tsi?
Rays feem ntau noj invertebrates xws li mussels, crabs, thiab echinoderms, tab sis kuj ntses. Qee tus, zoo li cov manta loj loj, pub rau plankton, cov tsiaj me uas lawv lim tawm ntawm cov dej hiav txwv nrog lawv cov gills.