Mary Allen
Cov nroj tsuag yog, piv txwv li, pob kws, txiv lws suav, cork oak, ntau beech, los yog alpine edelweiss. Cov hom yog qhov qis tshaj plaws thaum ib tus xav faib cov nroj tsuag kom muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov nroj tsuag ntawm ib hom tuaj yeem sib xyaw ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab yog li kis tau. Lawv kuj muaj cov khoom sib xws uas, piv txwv li, txiv lws suav thiab tsob ntoo cork tsis muaj.
Ntau hom nroj tsuag uas muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws tuaj yeem ua ke rau hauv genera. Ob peb genera nrog cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv lem tsim tsev neeg. Cov no tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg hauv kev txiav txim, chav kawm, thiab chav haujlwm. Qhov ntawd yuav yog pawg loj tshaj plaws. Yog li qhov kev faib tawm yog tau txais rougher, cov nroj tsuag hom yog li ntawd qhov tseeb tshaj plaws kev faib tawm. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, muaj txawm finer faib.
Kev faib tawm yog tib yam rau tsiaj hom, nrog rau ib qho sib txawv: tsiaj lub nceeg vaj tau muab faib ua ntau pawg, thiab lub nceeg vaj cog tau muab faib ua ntau pawg. Tus so yog tib yam. Hauv kev tshawb fawb, kev faib tawm tau hloov dua thiab dua. Yav dhau los, cov nroj tsuag tau muab cais raws li lawv qhov zoo sib xws. Niaj hnub no, kinship kuj yog txiav txim los ntawm noob.
Peb faib cov nroj tsuag hauv lub neej txhua hnub li cas?
Hauv lub neej niaj hnub peb faib cov nroj tsuag raws li peb xav tau: peb muaj paj los saib. Peb feem ntau noj berries thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyoos, feem ntau yog khoom noj txom ncauj. Peb kuj noj zaub nyoos nyoos, tab sis feem ntau nrog cov ntses thiab peb xav tau cutlery rau nws. Peb feem ntau noj zaub thiab tsis tshua noj lawv nyoos, piv txwv li, carrots.
Hauv cov chaw ua vaj, ib yam nkaus, cov lus hais lus nyuaj. Ntawm no, ntau cov ntsiab lus siv los faib cov nroj tsuag feem ntau siv tsis raug. Ib qho feem ntau hais txog cov nroj tsuag, tab sis qhov tseeb txhais tau tias yog genus. Qhov no yog thawj pab pawg saum toj no. Piv txwv li, tsis muaj "oak" ua ib hom nroj tsuag. Tab sis muaj cov genus ntawm oaks. Cov no suav nrog hom cork oak, pedunculate oak, holm oak, thiab ntau lwm tus. Tab sis feem ntau tsuas yog tus kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem qhia qhov txawv.
Cov nroj tsuag tau faib li cas hauv biology?
Hauv biology, koj pom tej yam txawv. Piv txwv li, txiv apples yog thawj paj thiab tsuas yog tom qab ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Yog tias koj tso lettuce thiab zaub hauv lub vaj ntev txaus, lawv tseem yuav tsim paj thiab tom qab cov noob. Yog li qhov ntawd tsis zoo rau kev faib tawm meej. Yog li ntawd, biologists tau tsim ib tug meej meej system. Lawv hu nws "biosystematics" lossis "taxonomy".
Nyob rau hauv biologists, muaj plaub departments nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag lub nceeg vaj: lub liverworts, mosses, lub hornwort, thiab vascular nroj tsuag. Cov nroj tsuag vascular yog qhov paub zoo tshaj plaws. Muab faib ua ob pawg, xav paub seb lawv puas muaj noob los tsis muaj.
Nyob rau hauv subdivision ntawm noob nroj tsuag, ib tug xav tsis thoob seb cov noob yog nyob rau hauv lub zes qe menyuam. Yog hais tias yog li ntawd, ib tug hais txog cov chav kawm ntawm flowering nroj tsuag. Muaj 226,000 hom. Qhov no suav nrog feem ntau ntawm peb cov paj ntoo, xws li paj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, berries, ntoo deciduous, thiab ntau lwm yam. Yog hais tias lub zes qe menyuam qhib, ib tug hais ntawm chav kawm ntawm nudibranchs. Cov no suav nrog cov conifers xws li fir, spruce, larch, thiab lwm yam.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov nroj tsuag noob, kuj muaj cov nroj tsuag uas tsis muaj noob. Qhov no suav nrog cov ferns, uas rov ua dua nrog cov spores. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis meej meej hauv kev tshawb fawb uas cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau suav nrog hauv qhov kev faib tawm no.