Mary Allen
Nqaij qaib yog cov noog uas nteg qe ntau. Peb paub qaib los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb lossis los ntawm lub khw. Peb yuav qaib noj. Hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, peb nyiam hais txog qaib, hauv Austria ntawm qaib. Hauv Switzerland, peb xav tau Fabkis lub npe Poulet. Peb kuj pom cov thawv nrog cov qe qaib ntawm lub txee.
Peb tham txog qaib hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Hauv biology, muaj qhov kev txiav txim Galliformes. Cov no muaj xws li cov nram qab no hom: partridge, quail, qaib ntxhw, capercaillie, pheasant, peacock, thiab domestic fowl. Thaum peb tham txog qaib, peb ib txwm txhais hais tias cov qaib hauv tsev.
Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, cov noog hauv tsev yog suav nrog cov nqaij qaib. Tus txiv neej hu ua qaib los yog qaib. Tus poj niam yog tus qaib. Thaum nws tseem hluas, nws hu ua niam qaib. Cov hluas hu ua qaib.
Bantams hnyav txog ib nrab ib kilogram, lwm yam qaib ncav tshaj tsib kilograms. Cov roosters yeej ib txwm hnyav dua li cov hens. Cov qaib hnav plaub zoo li txhua hom noog. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsuas tuaj yeem ya tsis zoo thiab feem ntau nyob hauv av.
Cov qaib hauv tsev tuaj qhov twg?
Cov nqaij qaib hauv tsev yog cov tsiaj nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm tib neeg. Hauv ntiaj teb no, muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm peb qaib rau txhua tus tib neeg. Peb cov qaib yog bred los ntawm Bankiva qaib.
Cov qaib Bankiva yog cov qaib qus nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Asia. Kev yug me nyuam txhais tau hais tias tib neeg ib txwm xav tau cov qaib zoo tshaj plaws los ua cov menyuam yaus. Ob leeg no yog cov qaib uas nteg qe tshaj plaws los yog cov qe loj tshaj plaws. Los yog tom qab ntawd cov qaib, uas tau rog sai tshaj plaws. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem tsim cov qaib zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog li cas cov haiv neeg sib txawv tuaj txog.
Domestic qaib nyob li cas?
Thaum qaib nyob dawb hauv ib lub teb, lawv noj nyom, nplej, worms, qwj, kab, thiab txawm nas. Qaib kuj nqos tej pob zeb. Raws li cov leeg nyob ib ncig ntawm lub plab sib cog lus, cov pob zeb zom cov zaub mov.
Lawv nyob ywj siab ua pab pawg. Xws li ib pab neeg ib txwm muaj tsuas yog ib tug qaib thiab ntau hens. Muaj ib tug nruj hierarchy ntawm cov hens. Nws yog hu ua pecking txiav txim vim hais tias cov tsiaj tej zaum peck ntawm ib leeg nrog lawv beaks. Cov qaib siab tshaj plaws tau mus pw saum lub perch thiab xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws pub. Tias yog vim li cas koj yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm nqaij qaib kom dav kom muaj kev sib ntaus tsawg.
Txawm li cas los xij, ib pawg ntawm qaib nyob rau hauv ua liaj ua teb yog nce zuj zus. Cov qaib feem ntau yog los ntawm cov liaj teb loj. Cov qaib pub dawb nyob zoo tshaj plaws. Yog li koj muaj kev tawm dag zog sab nraud txhua hnub. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab yog cov qaib nyob rau hauv barn vaj tsev. Lawv nyob hauv pem teb ntawm ib lub tsev. Caging yog qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws. Cov qaib tsuas yog zaum ntawm cov tuav lossis txawm nyob hauv qab ntawm lub tawb.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov qaib hauv tsev?
Kev yug qaib yog khaws cia rau lawv cov xeeb ntxwv. Yog li ntawd, qaib thiab qaib yuav ua tib zoo xaiv thiab ua ke. Cov qaib hauv tsev yog ib qho kev yug qaib, tab sis muaj ntau yam sib txawv. Qhov no nyob ntawm seb cov nqaij los yog qe yuav tsum tau tsim. Kev yug qaib nyob tsis txawv ntawm cov nteg qe lossis broilers. Vim yog kev yug me nyuam ib leeg, kuj muaj ntau yam tsiaj muaj mob thiab tsis muaj zog uas tsis siv lawm.
Cov nteg qe tau bred kom nteg qe ntau li ntau tau. Nyob rau xyoo 1950, ib tug zoo nteg qe tswj tau nteg txog 120 qe ib xyoos. Xyoo 2015 muaj txog 300 qe. Qhov no sib npaug rau rau lub qe ib lub lis piam. Lawv pib nteg qe 20 lub lis piam tom qab hatching. Tom qab kwv yees li 60 lub lis piam lawv raug tua vim tias cov qe tau tsawg zuj zus tuaj. Qhov ntawd tsis them nyiaj rau tus neeg ua liaj ua teb qaib lawm.
Cov broilers yuav tsum tau rog sai li sai tau kom lawv tuaj yeem npaj tau hauv chav ua noj tom qab tua. Roosters thiab hens yog siv rau nqaij qaib tais. Hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, lawv hu ua Hähnchen, hauv Austria Hendl, thiab hauv Switzerland Poulet. Qaib rau fattening yog slaughtered tom qab 4 mus rau 6 lub lis piam. Tom qab ntawd lawv yog ib thiab ib nrab lossis ob thiab ib nrab kilograms.
Yuav ua li cas cov qaib hauv tsev yug me nyuam?
Cov hens cia cov roosters paub thaum lawv npaj ua khub. Tus qaib crouches thiab flaps nws tail feathers. Tus qaib mounts tus qaib tom qab. Tus qaib ces nias nws lub qhov ncauj mus rau hens. Tom qab ntawd nws cov phev drips. Cov phev hlwb nrhiav lawv txoj kev mus rau lub qe qe lawv tus kheej. Cov phev hlwb tuaj yeem nyob ntawd ntev txog 12 hnub thiab fertilize qe qe.
Lub germinal disc yog tsim los ntawm fertilized qe cell. Los ntawm qhov no, tus qaib loj hlob tuaj. Nws yuav siv lub qe qe nrog nws ua zaub mov. Nws tseem hu ua yolk. Qhov no yog qhwv hauv ib hom tawv nqaij, zoo li khoom qab zib hauv nws daim ntawv.
Lub embryonic disk zaum saum ntawm daim tawv nqaij pob tshab. Lub albumen lossis albumen nyob ib ncig ntawm sab nraud. Lub plhaub tawv ua raws li sab nraud. Tus neeg twg uas tawg lub qe uas tsis tau ua tiav tuaj yeem pom cov embryonic disc ntawm daim tawv nqaij pob tshab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qe.
Nws tsuas siv li 24 teev los ntawm fertilization kom txog thaum tus qaib nteg nws qe. Ces lub qe tom ntej no npaj txhij. Nws yog fertilized los ntawm kev muab cov phev hlwb. Yog hais tias tus qaib nyob tsis muaj tus qaib, los yog yog tias cov khoom ntawm cov phev hlwb tas lawm, cov qe tseem yuav loj tuaj. Koj tuaj yeem noj lawv, tab sis lawv tsis tsim qaib.
Tus hen yuav tsum incubate lub qe nteg rau 21 hnub. Qhov no kuj tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv qhov chaw incubator nrog cov khoom cua sov. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub embryonic disc tsim mus rau hauv ib tug tiav lawm qaib. Ib qho me me tau loj hlob ntawm nws cov beak, lub hump. Nrog rau qhov no, tus me nyuam qaib hits lub qe thiab ua rau ib qho chaw nyob ib puag ncig. Tom qab ntawd nws thawb ob lub halves sib nrug nrog nws tis.
Nqaij qaib yog precocial. Lawv sawv ntawm lawv ko taw sai sai thiab mus noj mov nrog lawv niam. Yog li ntawd lawv tsis tas yuav tsum tau noj los ntawm lawv niam lawv txiv zoo li ntau lwm cov noog. Tus qaib tiv thaiv nws cov menyuam qaib thiab coj lawv mus rau hauv dej thiab noj zaub mov zoo. Tus qaib tsis quav ntsej nws cov xeeb ntxwv.