Mary Allen
Ua hāʻawi mua kona inoa i kona ʻano: ʻo ka ʻōpū melemele melemele me nā kiko ʻeleʻele.
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He aha ke ʻano o nā ʻōpae ʻōpū melemele?
Kahaha ka opu melemele: Mai luna mai he hina hina, ʻeleʻele, a ʻeleʻele paha, a he mau ʻili ma ka ʻili. Hoʻopili maikaʻi kēia i ka wai a me ka lepo. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū a ma lalo o ka mua a me nā wāwae hope e ʻālohilohi ai ka lemon a i ʻole ʻalani-melemele a ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kiko uliuli-hina.
E like me nā amphibian a pau, hoʻokahe ka ʻili o ka ʻōpū melemele i kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻO nā ʻano waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole - inā ʻeleʻele, hina, a ʻeleʻele paha - e pili ana i kahi e noho ai nā koʻo ʻōpū melemele. No laila, ʻokoʻa lākou i kēlā me kēia ʻāina. Ua like nā koʻo me nā koʻo, ma ka liʻiliʻi ke nānā ʻia mai luna akā he liʻiliʻi iki a ʻoi aku ka palahalaha o ko lākou kino.
ʻEhā a ʻelima mau kenimika wale nō ke kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻōpae ʻōpū melemele. No ka poʻe kiaʻi a me nā amphibians, ʻaʻole nā toads a me nā rana. Hoʻokumu lākou i ʻohana no lākou iho, ka ʻohana disc-tongued. Kapa ʻia ʻo ia no ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau holoholona i nā alelo disc. ʻOkoʻa me ke alelo o nā rana, ʻaʻole lele ka alelo diski o ka toad mai kona waha e hopu i ka mea ʻai.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole like me nā rana a me nā toads, ʻaʻohe ʻeke leo o nā kāne o ka ʻōpū melemele. I ka wā male, loaʻa nā puʻupuʻu ʻeleʻele ma ko lākou mau lima; ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo rutting calluses ma nā manamana lima a me nā manamana wāwae. Paʻa nā haumāna: puʻuwai.
Ma hea kahi e noho ai nā ʻōpae ʻōpū melemele?
Noho nā ʻōpae ʻōpū melemele ma waena a me ʻEulopa ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 200 a 1800 mika. Aia ma ka hema ma Italia a me Farani a hiki i ka Pyrenees ma ka palena o Sepania, aole loaa ma Sepania. ʻO nā mauna Weserbergland a me Harz ma Kelemānia nā palena ʻākau o ka māhele ʻana. Ma ka ʻākau a me ka hikina, ʻo ka toad puʻu ahi e pili kokoke ana i kona wahi.
Pono nā koʻo i nā loko pāpaʻu a me ka lā e ola ai. Makemake lākou i ka wā e kokoke ana kēia mau wahi wai liʻiliʻi i kahi nahele. Akā hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa kahi home i loko o nā lua ʻiliʻili. A ʻo kahi ala kaʻa i hoʻopiha ʻia i ka wai ua lawa lākou e ola ai. ʻAʻole lākou makemake i nā loko iʻa me nā mea kanu wai he nui loa. Inā ulu nui ka loko iʻa, neʻe hou ka toads. Ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o nā koʻo ʻōpū melemele mai ke kino wai a i ke kino wai, ʻo lākou ka mea ma waena o nā holoholona mua i noho i kahi loko liʻiliʻi hou. Ma muli o ka mahuahua o ka kakaikahi o ia mau wai liʻiliʻi ma ʻaneʻi, ua ʻuʻuku a emi mai hoʻi nā ʻōpae ʻōpū melemele.
ʻO wai nā ʻano koʻo ʻōpū ʻōpū melemele ma laila?
He pili pili loa ka toad opu ahi (Bombina bombina). He ʻeleʻele hoʻi ko lākou kua, akā he ʻalani-ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ko lākou ʻōpū a me nā kiko keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, noho ʻo ia ma ka hikina a me ka ʻākau ma mua o ka toad ʻōpū melemele a ʻaʻole i loaʻa ma nā wahi like. ʻAʻole like me ka ʻōpū ʻōpū melemele, he ʻeke leo kona. Hoʻopili wale nā pae o nā ʻano ʻelua mai ke kikowaena Kelemania a i Romania. Hiki i nā koʻo melemele a me ka ʻōpū o ke ahi ke hoʻopaʻa ma ʻaneʻi a loaʻa pū nā keiki.
ʻEhia makahiki e loaʻa ai i nā ʻōpae ʻōpū melemele?
ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻewalu mau makahiki i ka nahelehele nā koʻo ʻōpū melemele. ʻAʻole like me nā toads, e hele wale ana i loko o ka wai e hoʻohua ai, ʻaneʻane noho wale nā toads i loko o nā loko a me nā loko liʻiliʻi mai ʻApelila a Kepakemapa. He mau lā lākou a e kau mau ana me ko lākou mau wāwae hope, nā maka, a me ka ihu ma luna o ka wai, i loko o ko lākou loko iʻa. ʻO kēia ke nānā aku i ka hoʻomaha a me ka maʻamau.
ʻAʻole noho mau nā ʻōpuʻu melemele i loko o hoʻokahi kino wai, akā neʻe i hope ma waena o nā loko like ʻole. ʻO nā holoholona ʻōpio, ʻo ia hoʻi, he poʻe hele wāwae maoli: hele lākou i 3000 mika e ʻimi i kahi noho kūpono. ʻO nā holoholona makua, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻaʻole hiki ke hele ma mua o 60 a i ʻole 100 mau mika i ka lua wai kokoke loa. ʻO ka pane ʻana i ka pōʻino he ʻano maʻamau ia o ka toad ʻōpū melemele: ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia he kūlana makaʻu.
Moe ʻole ka moʻo ma luna o kona ʻōpū a e kulou i mua a me nā wāwae hope i luna i ʻike ʻia ke kala ʻulaʻula. I kekahi manawa, moe ʻo ia ma kona kua a hōʻike i kona ʻōpū melemele a ʻeleʻele. Manaʻo ʻia kēia kala e aʻo aku i nā ʻenemi a mālama iā lākou no ka mea huna nā toads i kahi huna ʻawaʻawa e hoʻonāukiuki ai i ka mucous membrane inā pilikia.
I ka hoʻoilo, peʻe nā toads ʻōpū melemele i ka lepo ma lalo o nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā aʻa. Ma laila lākou e ola ai i ke kau anuanu mai ka hopena o Kepakemapa a i ka hopena o ʻApelila.
ʻO nā hoaaloha a me nā ʻenemi o ka ʻōpū ʻōpū melemele
Makemake nā Newt, nā nahesa mauʻu, a me nā ʻōniʻoniʻo dragonfly e hoʻouka i nā keiki o nā ʻōpū ʻōpū melemele a ʻai i nā tadpoles. He ʻiʻo nō hoʻi ka iʻa i nā ʻōpuʻu toad. No laila, hiki ke ola i ka wai me ka iʻa ʻole. ʻO nā nahesa mauʻu a me nā hou he mea weliweli loa ia no nā mākua
Pehea e hoohua ai ka opu melemele?
Mai ka hopena o ʻApelila a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei a hiki i ka waena o Iulai ka wā hoʻopaʻa ʻana no nā toads ʻōpū melemele. I kēia manawa, hoʻohua pinepine nā wahine i nā hua. Noho nā kane ʻōpuʻu melemele i loko o kā lākou mau loko a hoʻāʻo e huki i nā wahine i mākaukau e hoʻopā me kā lākou kelepona. I ka manawa like, mālama lākou i nā kāne ʻē aʻe me kā lākou wānana o ka pōʻino a ʻōlelo lākou: E oki, ʻo koʻu ʻāina kēia.
I ka male ʻana, paʻa paʻa nā kāne i nā wahine. A laila waiho nā wahine i kā lākou mau hua i loko o nā ʻeke liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻeke hua manu - i loko o kēlā me kēia ma kahi o 100 mau hua - i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā kumu o nā mea kanu wai e ka wahine a i ʻole e poho i lalo o ka wai.
Hoʻopuka nā ʻōpuʻu mai iā lākou ma hope o ʻewalu mau lā. Kahaha ko lakou nui, e ana ana i ka iniha a me ka hapalua i ka wa e pao ai a e ulu ana a hiki i elua iniha ka loa i ko lakou ulu ana. He ʻeleʻele ahinahina lākou a he mau kikoʻeleʻele ko lākou. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki iā lākou ke ulu i loko o hoʻokahi mahina. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia ulu wikiwiki ʻana no ka mea e noho ana nā toads i loko o nā wai liʻiliʻi hiki ke maloʻo i ke kauwela. Aia wale nō i ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpuʻu a lilo i mau koʻo liʻiliʻi ma ia manawa hiki iā lākou ke neʻe i ka ʻāina a ʻimi i kahi wai hou i home.