Mary Allen
Introduction: Understanding the Dog Whistle Phenomenon
He mea paahana kaulana ka puili ilio no na mea a'o ilio, aka, ua no'ono'o paha 'oe no ke aha i lohe ole ai ke kanaka ia lakou? No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke ʻano, pono mākou e komo i ka ʻepekema o nā hawewe kani, ka pepeiao o ke kanaka, a me nā palena o kā mākou lohe.
ʻO ka ʻepekema ma hope o nā hawewe kani a me ka pinepine
ʻO nā hawewe kani he mau haʻalulu e holo ana ma ka lewa a ʻike ʻia e ko kākou mau pepeiao. Loaʻa i kēia mau haʻalulu ke alapine kikoʻī, i ana ʻia ma Hertz (Hz), ka mea e hoʻoholo ai i ka pitch a i ʻole ka leo o ke kani. Hiki i nā kānaka ke lohe i nā alapine ma waena o 20 Hz a 20,000 Hz, me ka naʻau kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 2,000 Hz.
Ka hoomaopopo ana i ka pepeiao o ke kanaka a me kona mau palena
He ʻekolu ʻāpana ka pepeiao o ke kanaka: ʻo ka pepeiao waho, ka pepeiao waena, a me ka pepeiao o loko. ʻOhi ka pepeiao o waho i nā nalu kani a hoʻouna iā lākou i ka puʻu pepeiao, e haʻalulu a hoʻololi i ke kani i ka pepeiao waena. Hoʻonui ka pepeiao waena i ke kani a hoʻouna i ka pepeiao i loko, kahi e hoʻololi ʻia ai i mau hōʻailona uila a ka lolo e unuhi ai he kani. Eia nō naʻe, he mau palena ko ka pepeiao o ke kanaka i ka ʻike ʻana i nā leo kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia ke kumu ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke lohe i ke kani ʻīlio.
ʻIlio Whistle: He kani ma waho aʻe o ka lohe ʻana o ke kanaka
Hoʻopuka nā ʻīlio ʻīlio i nā leo alapine kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka laulā o ka lohe kanaka, maʻamau ma waena o 23,000 Hz a 54,000 Hz. ʻAʻole hiki ke lohe ʻia kēia mau leo i ka pepeiao o ke kanaka, akā hiki i nā ʻīlio a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe me ka lohe paʻakikī ke ʻike iā lākou. ʻO kēia ka mea e pono ai ka puʻupuʻu ʻīlio no nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻīlio, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke kamaʻilio me kā lākou ʻīlio me ka hoʻopilikia ʻole i ka poʻe kokoke.
Pehea ka hana ʻana o nā ʻīlio ʻīlio a me kā lākou mau noi
Hoʻohana ka ʻīlio ʻīlio ma ka hoʻopuka ʻana i kahi leo kiʻekiʻe i hiki i nā ʻīlio ke lohe, akā ʻaʻole hiki i ke kanaka. Hoʻohana mau ʻia lākou i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻīlio e hōʻailona i nā kauoha e like me "hele mai" a i ʻole "hoʻomaha." Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā ʻīlio ʻīlio e pale aku i ka ʻili ʻana o ka ʻīlio, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu ka leo kiʻekiʻe iā lākou.
Nā mea e pili ana i ka lohe ʻana o nā ʻīlio ʻīlio
Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka lohe ʻana o nā puʻupuʻu ʻīlio e kekahi mau mea, e like me ka maikaʻi o ka puʻupuʻu, ke alapine e hoʻopuka ai, a me ka mamao ma waena o ka ʻīlio a me ka ʻīlio. Hoʻopili pū ka pae walaʻau i ka lohe ʻana o ka puʻupuʻu, no ka mea hiki ke uhi i ke kani.
ʻO ke kuleana o ka makahiki a me nā Genetics i ka lohe ʻana i nā ʻīlio ʻīlio
I ko mākou mau makahiki, e emi ana ko mākou lohe ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui ma ka laulā kiʻekiʻe. He kuleana nō hoʻi nā genetics i ko kākou lohe ʻana, ʻoiai ua hānau ʻia kekahi poʻe me nā pilikia hoʻolohe. ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki i kekahi poʻe ke lohe i nā kī kī ʻīlio a ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi poʻe.
Hiki i nā holoholona ke lohe i nā ʻīlio ʻīlio?
ʻAʻole ʻo nā ʻīlio wale nō nā holoholona hiki ke lohe i ka ʻīlio ʻīlio. ʻO nā holoholona ʻē aʻe e like me nā pōpoki, nā lapiti, a me nā ʻiole, he lohe koʻikoʻi ko lākou a hiki ke ʻike i nā kani alapine kiʻekiʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka maikaʻi o nā ʻīlio ʻīlio ma nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ma muli o ko lākou ʻano a me ka hiki ke hoʻolohe.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o nā ʻīlio ʻīlio ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻīlio
He mea paahana koʻikoʻi nā ʻīlio ʻīlio no nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻīlio, ʻoiai lākou e ʻae iā lākou e kamaʻilio me kā lākou ʻīlio me ka hoʻopilikia ʻole i ka poʻe kokoke. He mea pono no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā ʻīlio ma nā wahi walaʻau, kahi i lohe ʻole ʻia ai nā kauoha waha.
Nā ʻano ʻē aʻe i nā ʻīlio ʻīlio no ke aʻo ʻana ʻīlio
ʻOiai he mea hana kaulana nā ʻīlio ʻīlio no nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻīlio, aia nā mea ʻē aʻe i loaʻa, e like me nā kaomi, nā vibrator, a me nā hōʻailona lima. Hiki i kēia mau mea hana ke hana like me ka ʻīlio whistles, ma muli o ke ʻano hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me ka pane o kēlā me kēia ʻīlio.
Panina: No ke aha i lohe ʻole ai ke kanaka i ka ʻīlio ʻīlio
ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kanaka ke lohe i nā ʻīlio ʻīlio no ka mea ua hoʻopuka lākou i nā leo alapine kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka laulā o ka lohe kanaka. ʻOiai hiki i nā ʻīlio a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe me ka lohe paʻakikī ke ʻike i kēia mau leo, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kanaka ke ʻike iā lākou.
Nā Manaʻo Hope: ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻenehana ʻīlio Whistle
Ke holomua nei ka ʻenehana, ʻike maikaʻi ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻenehana whistle ʻīlio. Ke hoʻomohala nei nā mea noiʻi i nā mea hana hou e hiki ai ke hoʻopuka i nā leo kiʻekiʻe i hiki ke lohe ʻia e nā kānaka a me nā ʻīlio, e ʻae ana i ka kamaʻilio maikaʻi ʻana ma waena o nā mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa a me kā lākou ʻīlio. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo he hoʻokahi wale nō mea hana i ka pahu hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻīlio a pono e hoʻohana pū ʻia me nā ʻano hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻē aʻe no nā hopena maikaʻi loa.