Hoʻomaka: He aha nā Vertebrates?

ʻO Vertebrates nā holoholona i loaʻa i ka iwi kuamoʻo a i ʻole ke kuamoʻo, i haku ʻia me nā iwi liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo vertebrae. Hāʻawi kēia iwi kuamoʻo i ke kākoʻo i ke kino a pale i ke kuamoʻo, ʻo ia ke ala nui no nā neʻe aʻalolo ma waena o ka lolo a me ke koena o ke kino. ʻO Vertebrates kekahi o nā hui nui o nā holoholona a ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi noho a pau o ka Honua, mai ke kai hohonu a hiki i nā mauna kiʻekiʻe loa.

Nā ʻano o nā Vertebrates

Hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​Vertebrates i kekahi mau ʻano e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai nā invertebrates, e like me ka lolo i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia a me ka ʻōnaehana nerve, kahi ʻōnaehana kaʻa i pani ʻia, a me kahi ʻōnaehana digestive paʻakikī. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi symmetry bilateral, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua māhele ʻia ko lākou kino i ʻelua ʻāpana like, a he poʻo i wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia me nā mea ʻike e like me nā maka, nā pepeiao, a me ka ihu. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā vertebrates he iwi iwi a i ʻole cartilage, kahi e kākoʻo ai i ke kino a pale i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka mea hope loa, hoʻohua nā vertebrates a pau i ka moekolohe, me ka hoʻomomona kūloko ka mea maʻamau no ka hapa nui o nā ʻano.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā Vertebrates

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Vertebrates i ʻelima mau pūʻulu nui a i ʻole nā ​​papa, e pili ana i kā lākou moʻolelo evolutionary a me nā hiʻohiʻona anatomical. ʻO kēia mau papa he iʻa, amphibians, reptile, manu, a me nā mammals. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēlā me kēia papa i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi, e pili ana i kā lākou mau ʻano kikoʻī a me nā hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻOiai ko lākou ʻokoʻa, kaʻana like nā vertebrates āpau i kahi kupuna maʻamau a pili pū lākou ma o ka mōʻaukala evolutionary lōʻihi.

Iʻa: Nā Vertebrates Mua

ʻO ka iʻa nā vertebrates mua i ulu, ma mua o 500 miliona mau makahiki aku nei. He pūʻulu holoholona like ʻole lākou mai nā guppies liʻiliʻi a hiki i nā manō koholā nunui. Hoʻololi ʻia ka iʻa e noho i loko o ka wai a loaʻa nā gills, nāna e lawe i ka oxygen mai ka wai, ma kahi o nā māmā. Loaʻa iā lākou ke kino maʻalahi a me nā fi, e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻauʻau maikaʻi. He kumu meaʻai koʻikoʻi ka iʻa no ke kanaka a mahalo pū ʻia no ko lākou nani i loko o nā aquarium.

Nā Amphibians: Nā Vertebrates Terrestrial Mua

ʻO nā Amphibians nā vertebrates mua i noho i ka ʻāina, ma kahi o 360 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Hoʻopili lākou i nā rana, toads, salamanders, a me nā caecilians. Hōʻike ʻia nā Amphibian e ko lākou ʻili maʻemaʻe, a lākou e hoʻohana ai no ka hoʻololi kinoea, a me ko lākou hiki ke hanu ma ko lākou ʻili a me nā māmā. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi pōʻai ola kūʻokoʻa, me ka hapa nui o nā ʻano e waiho ana i nā hua i loko o ka wai a me ka metamorphosis e lilo i mau mākua. ʻO nā Amphibians nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ke olakino kaiapuni a hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka nalowale o ka nohona a me ka haumia.

Nā Reptile: Nā ʻAmina Mua

ʻO nā mea kolo nā amniotes mua, kahi hui o nā holoholona e waiho hua ma ka ʻāina, ma kahi o 320 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO lākou nā nahesa, nā moʻo, nā honu, nā crocodiles, a me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe he nui. Hoʻololi ʻia nā mea kolo no ka noho ʻana ma nā ʻano ākea ākea, mai nā wao nahele a hiki i nā wao ua, a loaʻa iā lākou kekahi mau hoʻololi e hiki ai iā lākou ke mālama i ka wai a ʻae i ka wela. Loaʻa iā lākou nā unahi a i ʻole nā ​​​​palapala e pale ai i ko lākou ʻili a hoʻemi i ka nalowale wai. ʻO nā mea kolo he mau mea ʻaihue koʻikoʻi a pio i nā kaiaola he nui a ua waiwai pū ʻia no kā lākou ʻili, ʻiʻo, a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.

Nā Manu: Nā Vertebrates Hulu

ʻO nā manu he pūʻulu vertebrates i ulu mai nā mea kolo ma kahi o 150 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Hōʻike ʻia lākou e ko lākou mau hulu, nā unahi i hoʻololi ʻia, a me ko lākou hiki ke lele. Hoʻololi ʻia nā manu e noho i nā wahi noho like ʻole, mai ka moana a hiki i nā wao nahele, a loaʻa iā lākou kekahi mau hoʻololi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻoponopono i ka mahana o ko lākou kino a mālama i ka ikehu. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻomohala nui a aia kekahi o nā holoholona akamai loa. He pollinators koʻikoʻi nā manu, hoʻopuehu i nā hua, a me nā mea ʻaihue i nā kaiaola he nui, a ua waiwai pū ʻia no kā lākou ʻiʻo, hua, a me ka hulu.

Māmā: Nā Vertebrates Kiʻekiʻe loa

ʻO nā momona ka ʻoi loa o ka vertebrates a loaʻa ma luna o 5,000 mau ʻano, mai nā ʻuo liʻiliʻi a hiki i nā koholā nunui. Hōʻike ʻia lākou e ko lākou lauoho a i ʻole ka hulu, e kōkua iā lākou e hoʻoponopono i ka mahana o ke kino, a me ko lākou hiki ke hana i ka waiū e hānai i kā lākou ʻōpio. Hoʻololi ʻia nā holoholona e noho ma nā ʻano kaiapuni, mai nā ʻāpana polar anu a i nā wao nahele wela, a loaʻa iā lākou kekahi mau hoʻololi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hopu, pakele i nā mea ʻaihue, a kamaʻilio pū kekahi i kekahi. ʻO nā mea momona nā mea koʻikoʻi o nā kaiaola he nui a ua waiwai pū lākou no kā lākou ʻiʻo, ka waiū, ka hulu hipa, a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.

Invertebrates: Nā Holoholona iwi kuamo'ole

ʻO nā mea ʻokoʻa he holoholona ʻaʻohe iwi kuamoʻo a kuamoʻo paha. ʻO lākou ka hui like ʻole a nui loa o nā holoholona a loaʻa ma luna o 95% o nā ʻano holoholona āpau i ʻike ʻia. Loaʻa nā invertebrates ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi noho a pau ma ka Honua a loaʻa i nā ʻano hoʻololi like ʻole i nā kaiapuni like ʻole. Hoʻopili lākou i nā iniseti, nā spiders, crustaceans, mollusks, a me nā hui ʻē aʻe he nui. He pollinators ko'iko'i ka invertebrates, decomposers, predator, a me nā mea pio i loko o nā kaiaola he nui, a ua waiwai pū ia no kā lākou meaʻai, lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻoulu ʻana o Vertebrates

ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā vertebrates he kaʻina hana paʻakikī a hoihoi e pili ana i kekahi mau hoʻololi nui, e like me ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻāwae, nā lālā, a me nā hua amniotic. Ua hoʻololi ʻo Vertebrates i nā ʻano hoʻololi like ʻole i nā kaiapuni like ʻole, mai ke kai hohonu a hiki i nā mauna kiʻekiʻe loa, a ua hana nui i ka hana ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa a me ka paʻakikī o ke ola ma ka Honua. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka mōʻaukala evolutionary o nā vertebrates hiki ke kōkua iā mākou e mahalo i ka pilina o nā mea ola āpau a me ka nani a me ke kupanaha o ke ʻano.

Koʻikoʻi o Vertebrates i loko o ka Ecosystem

He koʻikoʻi ko Vertebrates i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike a me ka hana ʻana o nā kaiaola, ʻoiai ua komo lākou i loko o nā kaʻina kaiaola e like me ka pollination, dispersal hua, herbivory, predation, a me ka decomposition. He mau hōʻailona hoʻi ia o ke olakino kaiapuni a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he hae hae no nā hana mālama. ʻO ka nalo ʻana o nā vertebrates ma muli o ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka nohona, ka haumia, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau, ka lawaiʻa nui ʻana, a me ka hahai holoholona hiki ke loaʻa i nā hopena koʻikoʻi no ke kūpaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa o nā kaiaola a me ka pono o ke kanaka.

Ka hopena: Ka ʻokoʻa o nā Vertebrates

ʻO Vertebrates kahi hui like ʻole a hoihoi o nā holoholona i ulu aʻe ma luna o nā miliona mau makahiki e noho ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi noho a pau o ka Honua. Hoʻokaʻawale lākou i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai nā invertebrates, e like me ka iwi kuamoʻo, ka lolo i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia, a me ka ʻōnaehana digestive paʻakikī. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Vertebrates i ʻelima mau pūʻulu nui a i ʻole nā ​​papa, kēlā me kēia me kāna mau hoʻololi a me nā hiʻohiʻona. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa a me ke koʻikoʻi o nā vertebrates hiki ke kōkua iā mākou e mahalo i ka nani a me ka paʻakikī o ke ola ma ka Honua a hoʻoikaika iā mākou e pale a mālama i kēia mau holoholona kupanaha.