Mary Allen
Introduction: Understanding the Four Steps of Growth
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ulu ʻana o nā holoholona i ʻehā mau pae: hua manu, larva, pupa, a me ke kanaka makua. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau ʻanuʻu i ka hapa nui o nā holoholona, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā pepeke, e hele ana i ka metamorphosis piha. ʻO ka pae hua manu e pili ana i ka manawa i hānau ʻia ai ka holoholona mai kahi hua manu. ʻO ka ʻanuʻu larval, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka ʻanuʻu enuhe i loko o nā lele, ʻo ia ka wā e hoʻololi nui ai ka holoholona i kona helehelena kino. ʻO ka pae pupal ka wā e hele ai ka holoholona i kahi metamorphosis, e hoʻololi ana mai kahi larva i kanaka makua. ʻO ka hope loa, ʻo ka pae makua ka wā i hiki ai i ka holoholona ke oʻo a hiki ke hana hou.
ʻEhā mau ʻanuʻu o ka ulu ʻana: Huamoa, Larva, Pupa, makua
ʻIke ʻia nā pae ʻehā o ka ulu ʻana i ka hapa nui o nā holoholona, akā aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā pepeke, e like me ka pepeke, ka mu, nā nalo, a me nā nalo, ʻo ia nā holoholona maʻamau i loaʻa i ka metamorphosis piha. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, hele ka holoholona ma nā ʻanuʻu ʻehā o ka ulu ʻana, e like me ka hua manu, larva, pupa, a me nā pae makua. ʻO nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, e like me nā amphibians, nā iʻa, nā mea kolo, a me nā mammals, e loaʻa i nā ʻano ʻano ulu like ʻole.
Hoʻokoe i nā pae ʻehā o ka ulu ʻana i nā holoholona
ʻOiai ke hele nei ka hapa nui o nā holoholona i nā pae ʻehā o ka ulu ʻana, aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa. Hoʻokuʻu kekahi mau holoholona i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aʻe paha o ka ulu ʻana, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e loaʻa i nā ʻano metamorphosis like ʻole. No ka laʻana, loaʻa i kekahi mau inike ka metamorphosis piha ʻole, aʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻomohala pololei. Ke ulu mau nei kekahi mau iʻa a me nā mea kolo, ʻoiai ke ulu pololei nei nā mammals.
Nā Holoholona Hoʻopololei i ka Pae o ka Ulu
ʻAʻole hele kekahi mau holoholona, e like me kekahi ʻano iʻa, nā mea kolo, a me nā mea momona, i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana. Hoʻomaka kēia mau holoholona mai ka ʻōpū o ko lākou makuahine, ma ke ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo viviparity. Hānau ʻia nā holoholona viviparous me ke ʻano piha, ʻaʻole pono lākou i kahi hua manu e ulu ai. ʻO nā laʻana o nā holoholona viviparous ʻo nā koholā, nā iʻa, a me kekahi mau ʻano nahesa.
Nā Holoholona e hoʻopololei i ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana
ʻOiai e hele ana ka hapa nui o nā iniseti i kahi pae larval, e lele aʻe kekahi mau ʻano pepeke i kēia pae. Ke hele nei kēia mau ʻōpala i ka metamorphosis piha ʻole, kahi e ulu pololei ai lākou mai kahi nymph a hiki i ke kanaka makua, me ka hele ʻole ʻana i ka pae larval a pupal paha. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ia mau ʻupena, ʻo ia ka ʻūhini, ka ʻokiki, a me nā moʻo.
Nā Holoholona e hoʻopololei i ka pae o ka ulu ʻana o ka Pupa
ʻAʻole hele kekahi mau iniseti, e like me nā lele, nā stoneflies, a me nā dragonflies, i ka pae pupal o ka ulu ʻana. Akā, ulu lākou mai kahi nymph i loko o kahi kanaka makua, ma kahi hana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka metamorphosis piha ʻole. Hoʻoulu kēia mau ʻēheu i nā ʻēheu a me nā ʻano kanaka makua ʻē aʻe i ko lākou wā nymph.
Nā Holoholona e hoʻopololei i ka pae o nā mākua
ʻAʻole hele kekahi mau iniseti, e like me nā aphids, mealybugs, a me nā iniseti unahi, i ka wā makua o ka ulu ʻana. Hoʻohua hou kēia mau ʻupena, a ulu pololei kā lākou mau ʻōpiopio a lilo i poʻe makua, me ka hele ʻole ʻana i ka hua manu, larva, a i ʻole ka pupa. Ua kapa ʻia kēia kaʻina hana he parthenogenesis, a he mea ʻē aʻe ia i ka hoʻohua kāne.
Nā Insects i Loaʻa i ka Metamorphosis Incomplete
ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻōpala i hele i ka metamorphosis piha ʻole, e like me nā ʻūhini, nā ʻokiʻoki, a me nā ʻōpala, ʻaʻole lākou e hele i ka pae pupal o ka ulu ʻana. Akā, ulu lākou mai kahi nymph i kanaka makua. ʻO ka maʻamau o kēia mau ʻiniko e loaʻa i nā molts, e hoʻokahe ana i kā lākou exoskeleton i ko lākou ulu ʻana.
ʻO nā Amphibian e hoʻomohala pololei
ʻO kekahi mau amphibians, e like me nā salamanders, e hoʻomohala pololei, kahi e lele ai lākou i ka pae larval o ka ulu. Hoʻoulu pololei kēia mau amphibian i mau mākua mai nā hua, me ka hele ʻole ʻana ma nā pae larval a pupal paha.
I'a e ulu mau ana
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā iʻa e ulu mau ana, kahi e ulu ai lākou i ko lākou ola ʻana. ʻAʻole like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, e hele ana i ka metamorphosis a hiki i ke oʻo, hoʻomau ka iʻa e ulu a ulu i ko lākou ola.
ʻO nā mea kolo e ulu maʻalahi
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea kolo e ulu maʻalahi, kahi e ulu mau ai lākou i ko lākou ola ʻana, me ka ʻole o ka metamorphosis. ʻAʻole like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, e hoʻololi nui ana i ko lākou helehelena kino i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana, mālama nā reptile i kahi ʻano like i ko lākou ola ʻana.
Nā Māmā i hoʻomohala pololei
E like me kekahi mau amphibians, ke ulu pololei nei kekahi mau ʻano mammals, kahi e hoʻokuʻu ai lākou i ka hua manu a me nā pae o ka ulu. Hoʻokumu pololei ʻia kēia mau mammals mai nā embryos i loko o ka ʻōpū o ko lākou makuahine, a ua hānau ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano piha. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ia mau mammals e like me ke kanaka, nā ʻīlio, a me nā pōpoki.