He aha ke kala o nā olm?

Hoʻolauna iā olms

ʻO Olms, i kapa ʻia ʻo proteus a i ʻole cave salamanders, he ʻano ʻano like ʻole o nā amphibians e noho ana i ka wai pouli a lalo o nā ana ma Central a me ʻEulopa Hema. Ua hopu kēia mau mea hoihoi i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe ʻepekema a me ka poʻe hoihoi kūlohelohe ma muli o ko lākou ʻano hiʻohiʻona a me ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻokoʻa.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa o nā olms

He kino elongated ka Olms, me ka lōʻihi mai 20 a 30 kenimika. He ʻili haʻihaʻi ko lākou, he ʻano ʻano ʻuhane. ʻAʻole lawa ka pigmentation o ko lākou kino, ʻaneʻane translucent, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ko lākou mau kīʻaha koko a me nā ʻōpū o loko. Hāʻawi kēia hiʻohiʻona i ko lākou hiʻohiʻona hoihoi a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe.

Olms: He ʻano amphibian makapō

ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha o nā olms ko lākou makapō. Ua hoʻololi kēia mau amphibians i ko lākou ana ʻeleʻele ma o ka nalowale ʻana o ko lākou mau maka. ʻAʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia ko lākou mau maka a uhi ʻia e ka ʻili, ʻaʻole ia he hana. Akā, hilinaʻi lākou i ko lākou mau ʻike ʻē aʻe, e like me ko lākou ʻono a me ka hoʻopā ʻana, e hoʻokele a loaʻa i nā mea pio i loko o ko lākou wahi māmā.

Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hiki ʻana o olms

ʻOiai he makapō, loaʻa i nā olms nā cell photoreceptor i maʻalahi i ka mālamalama. ʻO kēia mau pūnaewele, i ʻike ʻia he melanopsin-containing cell, ke kuleana nui no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kā lākou circadian rhythm. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā kiʻi a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano e like me nā holoholona i ʻike ʻia, hiki nō iā lākou ke ʻike i ka mālamalama a me ka pōʻeleʻele, e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻoponopono i kā lākou ʻano e like me nā pōʻai māmā maoli.

Nā mea e hoʻopili ai i ka waihoʻoluʻu o olms

Hoʻopili ʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu kūʻokoʻa o nā olms e nā kumu like ʻole, me ka genetics, pigmentation, a me ka meaʻai. Hana pū kēia mau mea e hana i ke ʻano ʻokoʻa i ʻike ʻia i loko o kēia mau mea ola. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano hana ma hope o kā lākou kala e hiki ke hoʻomālamalama i nā hoʻololi evolutionary i hana ʻia i ko lākou ola ʻana.

Pigmentation i nā olms: He nānā kokoke

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻole o ka pigmentation i loko o nā olms he hopena ia o ka hoʻololi genetic e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ka melanin, ka puaʻa i kuleana no ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻana o ka ʻili, ka lauoho, a me nā maka o nā holoholona. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia hoʻololi ʻana i kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo albinism, ʻo ia ka hopena o ka nele o ka melanin a i ʻole ka hōʻemi nui o kāna hana. No laila, hōʻike nā olm i ko lākou ʻano ʻili haʻahaʻa a translucent.

ʻO ke kuleana o ka melanin i ke kala olms

He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka Melanin i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kala o ka ʻili, lauoho, a i ʻole nā ​​​​maka. I nā olms, hiki i ka nele o ka melanin ke ʻike ʻia ko lākou mau kīʻaha koko a me nā ʻāpana o loko ma o ko lākou ʻili haʻalulu, hāʻawi iā lākou i ko lākou helehelena ʻuhane. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maopopo loa ke kumu kūpono o ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka hana melanin i loko o nā olms, ua manaʻo ʻia he hoʻololi ia i ko lākou ana pōʻeleʻele.

Ke wehe nei i ka mea pohihihi o ka hue ʻulaʻula o olms

ʻOiai pili pinepine ʻia nā olms me ko lākou waihoʻoluʻu haʻahaʻa, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike i kahi hue ʻulaʻula ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana. ʻAʻole kēia waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula he hopena o ka pigmentation, akā he hōʻailona ia o nā kīʻaha koko ma lalo o ko lākou ʻili. Ke hānai maikaʻi ʻia nā olms a piʻi ke kahe o ke koko, ʻike ʻia ko lākou ʻili i ʻoi aku ka ʻulaʻula, hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha.

ʻO ka pilina ma waena o ka ʻai a me ke kala olms

ʻO ka ʻai o nā olms ka nui o nā crustaceans liʻiliʻi, nā pepeke, a me nā snails e noho ana ma nā ana a lākou e noho ai. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, hiki i ke kala o nā mea ola a lākou e ʻai ai ke hoʻololi i ka hue o ka ʻili o ka olms. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka meaʻai momona i nā carotenoids, nā pūhui i loaʻa i loko o kekahi mau crustaceans, hiki ke hāʻawi i ka olm i kahi ʻalani iki a ʻulaʻula paha. Hōʻike kēia i ka hopena pololei o ka meaʻai i ke kala o kēia mau amphibian kūʻokoʻa.

Nā Olm i ka noho pio ʻana: ʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa kala

ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā olm i ka pio ʻana ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano kala like ʻole i ko lākou helehelena haʻahaʻa i ka nahele. Hōʻike kēia i nā mea kaiapuni, e like me ke ʻano o ka wai, ka mahana, a me nā kūlana kukui, hiki ke hoʻololi i ko lākou kala. I ka noho pio ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā olms e hōʻike i nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili, mai ka hina ʻulaʻula a i ʻulaʻula, ʻokoʻa me ko lākou helehelena translucent i ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe.

Ka Hopena: Mahalo i ka nani o ke kala olms

ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o Olms he kumuhana hoihoi e hoʻohui i nā genetics, pigmentation, a me nā mea kūlohelohe. ʻO kēia mau amphibian kūʻokoʻa, me ko lākou ʻili haʻahaʻa a translucent, hāʻawi i kahi ʻike hoʻohiwahiwa i ka poʻe pōmaikaʻi e hālāwai me lākou. ʻO nā mea pohihihi e hoʻopuni ana i ko lākou ʻokoʻa kala a me nā ʻano hana hoʻololi ma hope o kā lākou albinism e hoʻomau i ka hopu ʻana i ka poʻe noiʻi a lilo i mea hoʻomanaʻo o ka ʻokoʻa kupaianaha i loaʻa i loko o ke aupuni holoholona.